Preliminary Study on Age- and Sex-Dependent Alterations in the Composition of Skeletal Muscle Fibers of Brasileiro de Hipismo Horses

The aim of this work was to characterize the distribution of myofibers in the gluteus medius muscle of inactive horses of the Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) breed at different ages by means of histochemical analyses, according to sex and depth of the biopsy. A total of 78 inactive horses (9 castrated males, 35 stallions, and 34 females) of the BH breed, aged 1 to 4 years, were used. A percutaneous muscle biopsy was obtained with a 6.0-mm Bergström-type needle, which allowed the removal of muscle fragments at depths of 20 and 60 mm. Myofiber types were determined based on myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) and nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) techniques. Morphometry of the fibers was determined based on cross-sectional area (CSA), mean frequency (F), and relative cross-sectional area (RCSA). The current study demonstrated that BH horses 3 and 4 years of age show a greater percentage of, and area occupied by, type IIA fibers and lower percentage of type IIX fibers in the gluteus medius muscle compared with horses 1 and 2 years of age. No difference was found between sexes in the frequency of and area occupied by the different fiber types at any of the depths and ages studied. In this study, females showed a greater CSA for all fibers in comparison with males, at 1 year of age. The results of the current study indicate that the gluteus medius muscle of inactive BH horses shows modifications in its structural and biochemical composition during the growth of the animals, leading to a better oxidative capacity.     

MyHC and MyLC isoforms in Akhal-Teke horses of different gender and genetic background

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MyHC and MyLC isoforms and the pedigree of the horses from different genetic background and gender. 26 Purebred Akhal-Teke horses (8 stallions and 18 mares) were used in this study, the horses belonged to 7 different sire lines and 9 different dam families. A muscle biopsy of depth 60 mm from the left gluteus medius muscle was obtained. The present study found the highest heritability for MyLC 1_fast, MyLC 2_slow and MyHC I isoform proportions, while only the first was statistically significantly different from zero. The mares had higher proportion of MyHC IIx and MyLC 3_fast isoforms than the stallions. No statistically significant differences were found between sire lines and dam families. However, as the heritability of MyHC and MyLC in horses is found to be of moderate value, our study does not reject the hypothesis that it could be used as additional parameter in choosing the right animals for sport and breeding.     

两个家兔品种肌肉MyHC类型及肌肉生成抑制素和肌细胞生成素基因表达的比较

本研究的主要目的是比较体重不同的两个家兔品种背最长肌的肌纤维类型(肌球蛋白重链,MyHC)以及肌肉生成抑制素(MSTN)和肌细胞生成素(MyoG)的表达水平。采集84日龄的齐兴肉兔(n=12)和齐卡大型新西兰白兔(n=12)的背最长肌,提取RNA,实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,背最长肌中存在4种肌纤维类型,其中MyHC-1和MyHC-2D是主要类型。在两个家兔品种的背最长肌中,MyHC类型的比例未见显著差异。此外,两个家兔品种背最长肌中MSTN和MyoG的mRNA水平无显著差异。这些结果提示,MyHC类型、MSTN和MyoG表达水平与这两个家兔品种84日龄的体重差异可能没有直接的关联。     

Prevalence and Significance of Parasites of Horses in Some States of Northern Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in northern Nigeria. Blood and faecal samples were randomly collected from 243 horses from different stables in some states of northern Nigeria for laboratory analyses. Fifty-seven horses (23.5%) were found infected with parasites. The hemoparasites detected, 21 (8.6%), include Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi. The endoparasites encountered, 29 (11.9%) were Strongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Paragonimus spp. and Dicrocoelium spp., 3 (1.2%) was Eimeria spp. Four horses (1.6%) had mixed infection of hemo- and endoparasites. This preliminary finding shows that parasitism is a problem in the horse stables examined, and calls for proper stable hygiene, routine tick control and regular deworming programme.     

单色光对肉鸡肌肉生长、肌纤维发育及血清睾酮水平的影响

为探索单色光影响肉鸡肌肉生长发育的机理,研究单色光对肉鸡肌肉生长、肌纤维发育和血清睾酮水平的影响。将260只0日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4组,分别在白（400-760nm）、红（660nm）、绿（560nm）、蓝光（480nm）下饲养49d,采用组织学技术和放射免疫法,检测肌纤维面积、密度和血清睾酮水平。结果如下：①质量：21日龄,绿光组胸肌、腿肌比其它组高6．46％～13．57％和6．37％～16．34％（P〈0．05）;49日龄,蓝光组胸肌和蓝、绿光组腿肌比其它组高21．42％和16．67％～25．44％（P〈0．05）。②肌纤维面积：21日龄,绿光组胸肌和绿、红光组腿肌比其他组高23．19％～54．01％和33．46％～56．67％（P〈0．05）;49日龄,蓝光组胸肌、腿肌比其他组高9．92％～21．69％和21．11％～57．44％（P〈0．05）。③肌纤维密度：21日龄,红光组胸肌和蓝光组腿肌比其他组高19．17％～42．94％和10．13％～49．33％（P〈0．05）;49日龄,红、白光组胸肌和红光组腿肌比其他组高27．36％（P〈0．05）和57．02％～112．03％（P〈0．05）。④21日龄,蓝、绿光组的睾酮水平比红、白光组高35．37％～37．13％（P〈0．05）;49日龄,蓝光组的睾酮水平比其他光组高14．36％～28．77％（P〈0．05）。研究表明单色光影响肉鸡生长,绿光和蓝光比红光和白光更能有效地促进肉鸡肌肉的生长、肌纤维的发育以及血清睾酮的分泌。     

低聚木糖对生长肥育猪血浆生化参数和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究低聚木糖(XOS)对生长肥育猪血浆生化参数和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。选取70日龄、平均体重约为30kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪110头,随机分为11组,每组10头(公母各占1/2),单栏饲养。试验设对照组(饲喂基础饲粮),抗生素组(饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.04kg/t速大肥、0.2kg/t抗敌素的饲粮),30~65kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(在30~65kg阶段分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮,在66~100kg阶段均饲喂基础饲粮),66~100kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(在30~65kg阶段均饲喂基础饲粮,在66~100kg阶段分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮)以及30~100kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮)。于试猪平均体重达100kg(约170日龄)时,前腔静脉采血,离心分离血浆,测定生化参数;屠宰后取背最长肌和股二头肌样品,测定其脂肪酸组成。结果表明:与对照组相比,30~65kg阶段,饲粮添加100或500g/t XOS可显著降低股二头肌中十七烷酸(C17∶0)含量(P0.05);66~100kg阶段,饲粮添加250g/t XOS可显著增加股二头肌中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)+单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量(P0.05),添加100或500g/t XOS可显著增加股二头肌中花生烯酸(C20∶1)含量(P0.05);30~100kg阶段,饲粮添加100g/t XOS可显著增加背最长肌中油酸/亚油酸以及股二头肌中C20∶1、MUFA和SFA+MUFA含量(P0.05),添加100或250g/t XOS可显著降低血浆总胆固醇浓度(P0.05),添加500g/t XOS可显著增加血浆高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇浓度(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加一定剂量的XOS可通过调控与脂代谢相关的血浆生化参数、增加肌肉中MUFA和SFA+MUFA含量而改善猪肉的风味和营养价值,且以30~100kg阶段添加100g/t XOS为最佳。     

Amino Acids Composition and Nutrient Value Analysis of Muscle in Black Angus Raised in Ujinmqin grassland

This experiment was aimed to analyze the amino acids composition and nutrient value of Black Angus raised in Ujinmqin grassland and provide basic data for feeding,cross breeding,and meat quality evaluation.Highrib,tenderloin,ribeye,nates meat,topside,shoulder clod and brisket samples were collected from seven Australian imported Black Angus raised in Ujinmqin grassland with 500 kg?38 kg body weight.The content and composition of amino acids were determined and then nutritent value were analyzed using FAO/WHO amino acids pattern.The results showed that the moisture and crude fat of samples were 68.73% and 30.56%.There were total 17 kinds of amino acids were determined in the samples and UAA,SAA and BAA were abundant.The ratios of these three abundant amino acids to total amino acid (TAA) were 25.8%,32.7% and 41.6%,respectively.The EAA content,EAA/TAA,EAA/NEAA and the EAA scores were all higher than FAO/WHO amino acids pattern.The amino acids content of ribeye,tenderloin and highrib were higher than that of other parts of muscle.In conclusion,the meat of Black Angus raised in Ujinmqin grassland had abundant composition and high content of amino acids,which were able to provide enough nutrient elements for human beings.     

不同羽色和性别番鸭屠宰性能及肌肉成分比较研究

研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。     

发酵麸皮多糖对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究发酵麸皮多糖(FWBP)对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响。选用50只体重为(20.17±3.33)kg的6周龄杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交羔羊,随机分为5组,每组10只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200、400 mg/kg FWBP的试验饲粮,预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌剪切力显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中蛋氨酸(Met)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中的半胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而谷氨酸(Glu)和亮氨酸(Leu)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中丝氨酸(Ser)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而缬氨酸(Val)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)各试验组肉羊背最长肌中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中CAT的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅰ和MyHCⅡa的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且MyHCⅡx的mRNA相对表达量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中MyHCⅡb的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加FWBP可以降低肉羊背最长肌剪切力,改善其氨基酸组成,提高肌肉抗氧化能力,诱导Ⅱx型肌纤维向Ⅰ和Ⅱa型肌纤维的转化,且以添加100 mg/kg效果较佳。     

豫西黑猪不同屠宰体重肌纤维组织学及成肌调控基因发育性变化

【目的】试验旨在揭示豫西黑猪背最长肌肌纤维组织学、肌纤维类型和成肌调控相关基因发育性变化及其相互之间的关系。【方法】选取平均体重约为60、75、90、105和120 kg共5个体重阶段的豫西黑猪,每个体重屠宰3头,共15头,公母随机。采用HE染色和免疫荧光染色分析快慢肌类型组成和纤维组织学特性,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定成肌调控相关基因生肌决定因子（myogenic differentiation,MyoD）、配对盒7（paired-box 7,Pax7）、肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）、肌细胞生成素（myogenin,MyoG）、肌细胞增强因子2C （myocyte enhancer factor 2C,MEF2C）和肌纤维肌球蛋白重链（myosin heavy chain,MyHC）亚型的mRNA表达量。【结果】随着豫西黑猪体重的增加,肌纤维密度整体呈下降趋势,在75 kg时极显著高于其他体重阶段（P<0.01）,肌纤维面积和肌纤维直径整体呈上升趋势;慢肌面积占比在60和105 kg时显著或极显著低于其他体重阶段（P<0.05;P<0.01）,快慢肌所占面积总百分比在90 kg时极显著低于其他体重阶段（P<0.01）。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果发现,MyHCⅠ基因mRNA表达量在75和105 kg时极显著高于其他体重阶段（P<0.01）,MyHCⅡA基因mRNA表达量整体呈下降趋势,MyHCⅡX基因mRNA表达量在60 kg时达到最高,而MyHCⅡB基因mRNA表达量在75 kg时极显著低于其他体重阶段（P<0.01）;MyoD、Pax7、MSTN、MyoG、MEF2C基因mRNA表达量分别于60、75、90、120、120 kg时达到最大值。相关性分析结果表明,除MSTN基因外,MyoG、MyoD、Pax7和MEF2C基因均与肌纤维形态和MyHC基因各亚型之间有显著或极显著的相关性（P<0.05;P<0.01）;通过对120 kg的豫西黑猪和杜洛克猪比较发现,两者间肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积、肌纤维密度,以及MyHC和相关成肌调控基因mRNA表达量均有极显著差异（P<0.01）。【结论】在豫西黑猪60~120 kg生长阶段,肌纤维面积、肌纤维直径整体呈上升趋势,肌纤维密度呈下降趋势;在肌肉发育过程中,纤维类型组成的变化主要是Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡX型肌纤维向ⅡB型肌纤维的转化;与杜洛克猪相比,豫西黑猪肌纤维面积和肌纤维直径较大,肌纤维密度较低,MyHCⅠ与MyHCⅡA基因mRNA表达量较高。     

混合油脂对清远麻鸡胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响及其代谢组机制研究

本试验旨在研究单一和混合油脂日粮对肉鸡生长性能和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响,并利用代谢组学技术探究日粮油脂干预后胸肌脂肪酸组成发生变化的代谢机制,为调控肉鸡脂肪酸组成的研究提供新思路。选取1日龄慢速型清远麻母鸡480只,随机分为2组（每组6个重复,每个重复40只）,对照组（CON）饲喂大豆油日粮,试验组（BOF）饲喂等量的混合油脂（大豆油∶猪油∶鱼油∶椰子油=1.0∶1.0∶0.5∶0.5）日粮,试验期127 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,混合油脂日粮对肉鸡平均日增重没有显著影响（P > 0.05）,但显著降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量和料重比（P < 0.05）;显著增加了肉鸡胸肌中月桂酸（C12∶0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0）、油酸（C18∶1n-9）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA,C20∶5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA,C22∶6n-3）的比例,显著降低了亚油酸（C18∶2n-6）比例（P < 0.05）。利用液相色谱－质谱联用（LC-MS）技术,在试验鸡胸肌中共筛选到110种差异代谢物（变量权重值（VIP） > 1,P < 0.05）,其中63种差异物质被注释,主要是磷脂代谢物,包括磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）等。此外,与对照组相比,混合油脂组显著增加了胸肌中谷胱甘肽和肌肽含量（P < 0.05）。代谢通路富集分析表明,α-亚麻酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、亚油酸代谢和甘油磷酸代谢等脂质代谢通路发生显著改变（P < 0.05）。综上,混合油脂日粮相较于大豆油日粮提高了肉鸡的饲料转化效率,促进了胸肌组织中DHA和EPA的沉积;日粮油脂干预后肉鸡胸肌中磷脂代谢物、氧化稳定性代谢物和脂类代谢途径发生显著改变。本研究鉴定出的差异代谢物和差异代谢通路可为调控肉鸡脂肪酸组成的研究提供参考。     

饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响。选取16只同质性较好的6月龄[平均体重为(21.90±0.98)kg]奶山羊青年公羔,随机分为2组(每组4个重复,每个重复2只羔羊),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和在基础饲粮基础上添加3%富含DHA海藻(干物质基础)的试验饲粮(试验组)。饲喂12周后,从每组随机选择4只公羔(共8只公羔)进行屠宰试验,测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及肌肉与脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的干物质采食量、平均日增重和饲料报酬无显著影响(P>0.05);2)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的屠宰性能和肌肉品质无显著影响(P<0.05);3)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著降低血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),显著提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),但对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响(P>0.05);4)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著提高肌肉和脂肪组织中DHA和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0.05),显著降低肌肉组织中n-6∶n-3 PUFA比值(P<0.05)。由此得出,在饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对奶山羊青年公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质均无显著影响,但有改善血脂指标以及肌肉与脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的潜力。     

Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression Profiles in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue Depots of Insulin‐Resistant and Insulin‐Sensitive Light Breed Horses

Background: Insulin resistance has been associated with risk of laminitis in horses. Genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are expressed more in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin‐resistant (IR) humans and rodents. Hypothesis/Objectives: To investigate adipose depot‐specific cytokine and chemokine gene expression in horses and its relationship to insulin sensitivity (SI). Animals: Eleven light breed mares. Methods: Animals were classified as IR (SI = 0.58 ± 0.31 × 10^?4 L/min/mU; n = 5) or insulin sensitive (IS; SI = 2.59 ± 1.21 × 10^?4 L/min/mU; n = 6) based on results of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Omental, retroperitoneal, and mesocolonic fat was collected by ventral midline celiotomy; incisional nuchal ligament and tail head adipose tissue biopsy specimens were collected concurrently. The expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in each depot was measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by 2‐way analysis of variance for repeated measures (P < .05). Results: No differences in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, PAI‐1, or MCP‐1 mRNA concentrations were noted between IR and IS groups for each depot. Concentrations of mRNA coding for IL‐1β (P= .0005) and IL‐6 (P= .004) were significantly higher in nuchal ligament adipose tissue than in other depots. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data suggest that the nuchal ligament depot has unique biological behavior in the horse and is more likely to adopt an inflammatory phenotype than other depots examined. Visceral fat may not contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity‐related disorders in the horse as in other species.     

Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development

The purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage.     

长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶HSL和MDH活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积影响的研究

为了研究长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶激素敏感脂酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）和苹果酸脱氢酶（malate dehydrogenase,MDH）活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响,试验以5个体重组（20、35、50、70和90 kg）的长白山野猪与杜洛克猪的杂交1代猪（简称野杜F1代猪,各40头,公、母各半）为研究对象,研究了肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律与肌内脂肪含量和肌肉嫩度的关系。结果表明,在生长期随着体重的增加,肌肉组织中HSL和MDH的活性差异显著（P<0.05）,野杜F1代猪HSL活性均高于莱芜黑猪的活性（90 kg除外）,且在35 kg时,野杜F1代猪和莱芜黑猪差异极显著（P<0.01）;肌肉组织中的MDH活性变化,野杜F1代猪呈先升后降的趋势,活性最高点在70 kg;在90 kg时野杜F1代猪中MDH活性极显著低于莱芜黑猪（P<0.01）。不同体重阶段,肌肉嫩度差异显著（P<0.05）,且随着体重的增加而呈不断升高的趋势。相关分析结果表明,野杜F1代猪90 kg时肌肉组织中MDH活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.97,P<0.01）,HSL和MDH的活性与肌肉嫩度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果提示,肌肉组织中的HSL和MDH对肌内脂肪的沉积量有一定的影响,可以通过控制其活性调节肌内脂肪的含量,且肌内脂肪的沉积量与肌肉嫩度有一定的联系。