尼里水牛与温州水牛杂交效果研究

利用巴基斯坦尼里水牛与温州水牛进行杂交试验 ,观察其生长性能。结果表明 ,尼温一代水牛的初生体重、体尺及成年牛的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围等与温州水牛相比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ,杂交后成年体重增加 10 0kg以上 (公牛增重 10 9 9kg ,母牛增重 10 3 4kg) ,增幅达 2 0 %以上 (公牛增幅 2 1 2 %,母牛增幅 2 0 8%) ,杂交优势明显     

Reproduction in Domestic Buffalo

The domestic buffalo is an indispensable livestock resource to millions of smallholder farmers in developing countries, particularly in Asia. Although its reproductive biology is basically similar to that of cattle, there are important differences and unique characteristics that need to be considered in order to apply modern reproductive technologies to improve its productivity. Under most smallholder production systems, the reproductive efficiency of buffalo is compromised by factors related to climate, management, nutrition and diseases. However, when managed and fed properly, buffalo can have good fertility and provide milk, calves and draught power over a long productive life. The basic technical problems associated with artificial insemination in buffalo were largely overcome two decades ago, but the technology has not had the expected impact in some developing countries, because largely of infrastructural and logistic problems. Approaches involving the use of hormones for treating anoestrus and for synchronizing oestrus have had varying rates of success, depending on the protocols used and the incidence of underlying problems that cause infertility. Embryo technologies such as multiple ovulation embryo transfer, in vitro embryo production, cryopreservation and cloning are being intensively studied but have had far lower success rates than in cattle. Improving the productivity of buffalo requires an understanding of their potential and limitations under each farming system, development of simple intervention strategies to ameliorate deficiencies in management, nutrition and healthcare, followed by judicious application of reproductive technologies that are sustainable with the resources available to buffalo farmers.     

德宏水牛和摩拉×德宏杂种水牛血清生化指标的测定

本试验对德宏水牛和摩拉×德宏杂种水牛(简称摩杂水牛)的血清总蛋白、总脂含量及GOT、GPT、LDH、γ-GT4种酶的活性进行测定.结果表明,德宏水牛血清总蛋白含量高于摩杂水牛,差异显著(P＜0.05);血清总脂含量、GPT和y-GT活性略高于摩杂水牛,差异不显著(P＞0.05);GOT活性高于摩杂水牛,差异极显著(P＜0.01);LDH活性高于摩杂水牛,差异显著(P＜0.05).     

摩拉水牛冻精改良本地水牛试验研究

引进摩拉水牛冻精改良本地水牛试验，通过采取去势本地公牛，观察、掌握母牛发情规律、冻精保存方法，实施多次重复输精和犊牛早期培育补饲，我市水牛冻精改良首次获得成功，冻精改良配种受胎率达到36．19％，其摩杂一代公、母牛周岁体重分别较本地同龄水牛提高45．30％和49，89％，各阶段体尺体重都比本地牛有大幅度提高，经济效益非常明显，深受农户欢迎和喜爱，值得推广应用。     

摩拉水牛与贵州白水牛杂交效果初报

[目的]利用印度摩拉水牛对贵州白水牛进行杂交改良试验,观察其生长和屠宰性能。[方法]随机选择摩拉水牛与贵州白水牛杂交F1一代(摩×贵)公母各40头,作试验组,贵州白水牛20头(公牛12头,母牛8头),作对照组,在相同饲养管理水平及年龄下进行生长性能、屠宰性能测定。结果显示,摩贵杂交F1一代牛初生重、体尺及成年牛的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围等与贵州白水牛相比差异极显著(P0.01),杂交后代成年体重增100kg以上(公牛增加109.9kg、母牛增加103.4kg),增幅达20%以上(公牛达21.2%、母牛达20.79%)。对5头36月龄的摩贵杂交F1一代公牛进行屠宰测定,其屠宰率为62.70%,净肉率为53.91%,与同龄的贵州白水牛(5头)相比,屠宰率提高了8.89%,净肉率提高了11.04%,经检验差异极显著(P0.01)。[结论]用摩拉水牛杂交改良贵州白水牛,其杂种优势明显,能显著改善贵州白水牛体形不足的缺陷,后代的体尺、体重和屠宰性能等方面都得到了改善和提高,改良效果十分明显,值得推广。     

Cloning of Buffalo AQP9 Gene and Analysing its Expression in the Buffalo Tissues

Cloning buffalo AQP9 gene and analyzing its expression in buffalo tissues.A pair of primers was designed according to the released bovine AQP9 sequences in GenBank,which was used to clone buffalo AQP9 gene.The AQP9 gene was amplified by RT-PCR,whose nucleotide sequence and protein structure were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The expression of AQP9 in buffalo tissues was assayed by Real-time quantitative PCR.The expression of AQP9 gene in buffalo ovary and testis tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining method.The results showed that the cloned ORF length of buffalo AQP9 gene was 888 bp,which coded 295 amino acids.The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the nucleotide sequence of buffalo AQP9 shared 99%,90%,97% and 88% homologeous compared with that of Bos taurus,Sus scrofa,Ovis ariessis and Homo sapiens,respectively,while shared 99%,86%,97%,83% homologeous for amino acids,respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that AQP9 gene was highly conservative in the evolutionary process.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that AQP9 gene expressed in buffalo liver,lung,brain,skin,testis and ovary tissues with different levels,had the most abundant expression in liver,followed by in skin and testis,less observed in lung and ovary.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of AQP9 protein varied with the development of buffalo ovarian tissue,and gradually enhanced with follicle development.In testicular tissue,AQP9 protein expressed in spermatocyte and leydig cells of developmental stage testis.These results indicated that we had successfully cloned buffalo AQP9 gene sequences.The expression and its function of AQP9 in buffalo ovaries and testes might play an important role in follicle development and spermatogenesis.     

水牛品种改良的成果与发展思路

广西壮族自治区是全国开展水牛品种改良工作最早的省区之一。广西家畜人工授精站（现为广西壮族自治区畜禽品种改良站）于1954年成立,1958年起就开展了水牛的品种改良工作。50多年来,经过几代科研人员的不断研究和试验,由液态精液人工授精向冷冻精液人工授精技术转变的纵深发展,在关键核心技术上获得了重大突破,使科研与实际生产密切结合的水牛品种改良工作取得了举世瞩目的成就。     

Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies

Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia.     

水牛水通道蛋白9基因克隆及其表达分析

本研究旨在对水牛水通道蛋白9 (aquaporins 9,AQP9) 基因进行克隆,并对其在水牛不同组织中的表达规律及其在水牛卵巢和睾丸组织中的表达差异进行探索。根据GenBank上黄牛AQP9基因序列(登录号:NM_001205833.1)设计特异性引物,以水牛睾丸组织cDNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法扩增AQP9基因编码区片段;运用生物信息学方法分析其核苷酸序列的保守性和氨基酸的理化性质;应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析AQP9基因在水牛组织中的表达情况;免疫组织化学方法分析AQP9蛋白在不同发育阶段水牛卵泡及睾丸组织中的表达差异。结果表明,克隆获得了888 bp的水牛AQP9基因编码区序列,其编码295个氨基酸。多重序列比较显示,水牛AQP9核苷酸序列与牛、猪、绵羊和人相应序列相似性分别为99%、90%、97%、88%;氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99%、86%、97%、83%,系统进化树分析结果推测,AQP9基因在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,AQP9基因在水牛肝脏、肺脏、大脑、皮肤、睾丸和卵巢组织中有不同程度的表达,在肝脏组织中表达最高,皮肤和睾丸次之,肺脏和卵巢表达较低。免疫组化结果显示,在卵巢组织中,AQP9蛋白表达随卵泡发育时期的不同而变化,并随着卵泡发育其表达逐渐增强;在睾丸组织中,AQP9蛋白在各级精母细胞和间质细胞中均有表达。结果提示,成功克隆得到水牛AQP9基因序列;AQP9在水牛卵巢和睾丸中的表达及其功能可能与水牛卵泡发育和精子发生有重要的关联。     

水牛性控精液微生物分析

研究针对目前分离水牛X和Y精子性别控制过程中,容易导致微生物快速繁殖进而污染性控精液的问题,对水牛新鲜及冷冻性控精液中的微生物进行分析研究,以期改进水牛分离精子保存方法。结果表明:新鲜采集的水牛精液、常规冷冻精液及分离后的冷冻精液中,平均菌落密度分别为10 619个/mL、293个/mL和18935个/mL,三者差异显著(P0.05)。新鲜精液检测到的菌落中,革兰氏阳性球菌占48%,阴性杆菌占41%,阳性杆菌占9%,霉菌占2%;性控冷冻精液中的菌落100%为革兰氏阴性杆菌。对性控冻精菌落药敏检测发现,菌落对妥布霉素和庆大霉素均呈现耐药性,而对丁胺卡那霉素以及药物环丙氟哌酸药物敏感性较强。本研究结果,为改进水牛分离精子稀释液以及冷冻保存液中的抗生素使用提供了有价值的参考。     

中国奶水牛业--在第五届亚洲奶水牛大会开幕式上的讲话

1 中国奶业的现状和发展 近年来，我国对奶业发展给与高度重视。胡锦涛主席指出：“牛奶本身就是温饱之后小康来临时的健康食品，不仅小孩喝、老人喝，最重要的是中小学生都要喝上牛奶，以提升整个中华民族的身体素质”；温家宝总理指出：“奶业是一个很有潜力、大有希望的产业。发展奶业不仅是农业结构调整的一项战略性任务，而且是改善消费结构、提高人民健康水平的一项重大措施”。这些重要指示充分阐明了我国奶业的战略地位，并为今后奶业发展指明了方向。     

Wildlife rabies

Arteriosclerosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis adult parasites was diagnosed in a 20-month-old Quarter horse stallion that died from cantharidin toxicosis. Microscopically, the pulmonary vascular changes were typical of those described as "proliferative endarteritis" in D immitis-infected dogs.