Genetic Diversity Analysis of PVY Resistant Potato Varieties （Clones） by RAPD Markers

DNA fingerprints of 37 PVY resistant potato varieties (clones) were generated using PCR-based RAPD analysis. All 37 varieties were differentiated by banding patterns obtained from 17 primers that generated 164 polymorphisms. Similarity matrices were calculated with the simple matching coefficient. The genetic distance value among them was between 0.27 and 0.50, with average value being 0.35. The average link clustering algorithm was used to construct a dendrogram with Statistica. They were classified into three groups according to clustering results, and the results presented some geographic relationship. Dendrogram showed close genetic relationships between a number of varieties (clones) of similar pedigree. This study has shown that RAPD marker is a useful tool for potato variety identification, differentiation, and estimation of genetic relationships.     

Analysis of 50 Cucumber Accessions by RAPD Markers

Genetic diversity of 50 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from American, Holland,Japan and China was detected and evaluated using RAPD markers. 25 selected primers produced 215 scorable polymorphic RAPD bands and the ratio of polymorphism is 86.98%. Four main groups of cucumber accessions could be distinguished from UPGMA analysis: Occidental cucumber, South-China cucumber, North-China cucumber and Xishuangbanna cucumber. Our result confirmed that cucumber is a narrow-based germplasm, nevertheless RAPD analysis was still useful in cucumber genotypic differentiation. More significantly, Xishuangbanna cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. Var Xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan), a mutation of cucumber, was clustered together to a special group in the study, which imlalied its special status in cucumber germplasm.     

Genetic Relationship Analysis of Ramie Accessions by RAPD Markers

Genetic relationship of 12 ramie varieties with different drought resistance was analysed by using RAPDI Twenty-five 10- mer random primers were used to amplify the total DNA of these varieties. The results ahowed that the amplified products of 12 ramie varieties could be obtained with 12 primers. The length of amplified products was 0.6- 5.15 kb. Ninety bands were identified in total, of which 11 bands were common in all 12 varieties and 79 bands were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands were 87.78% of the total amplified bands. According to the result of cluster analysis, 12 ramie varieties could be divided into two classes and three groups. It was found that high drought resistant varieties were clustered into different groups or subgroups in the same class, which shows near relationship among them.     

Genetic Diversity Within a Jackfruit （Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.） Germplasm Collection in China Using AFLP Markers

Jackfruit is cross-pollinated and mostly seed propagated, a wide range of variation exists in fruit quality. With the development of efficient vegetative propagation methods, excellent genotypes selected from these seed propagated seedlings will gradually replace other genotypes in jackfruit producing areas. In this study, genetic diversity of 50 jackfruit accessions from three provinces in China was analyzed based on amplified fragment length polymorphic （AFLP） markers. A total of 320 unambiguous bands were produced by eight primer combinations, and 65 （20.3%） of them were polymorphic. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0 to 0.9841, with an average of 0.5000, indicating a moderate genetic diversity in this collection. The dendrogram derived by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean algorithm （UPGMA） analysis revealed five groups, and no correlation between genetic relationship and geographical origin were found. Accessions of soft and firm flesh type were not clustered into distinct groups, neither could yearly bearing once, or twice fruit accessions. This study has provided useful information for collection and preservation of jackfruit germplasm worldwide.     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cultured Populations of Jade Perch （Scortum bacoo） in China Using AFLP Markers

Genetic diversity of three cultured populations of jade perch （Scortum bacoo） are studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers, which is Guangzhou（GZ） population, Foshan （FS） population and Qingdao（QD） population. Nine primer combinations were used and 385 fragments were detected. Among the 385 fragments, 80 bands （20.78%） were polymorphic. And it can be speculated that the genetic diversity of the three cultured populations of jade perch was very poor according to the gene genetic diversity among populations （Ht）, the gene genetic diversity within populations （Hs） and Shannon-Weiner index （I）. From gene differentiation （Gst）, genetic distance （D）, genetic similarity （5）, and UPGMA analysis, it is found that the relationship among the three populations is very closed, and the difference in genetic diversity among the three populations is not significant. Further clustering relationships of the jade perch cultured populations also are correlated to historical-breeding observations and genetic relationships. The GZ population clustered together with the QD population first, then with FS population.     

利用RAPD分子标记技术研究芸芥（Eruca Mill.）的遗传多样性

【目的】研究不同来源的芸芥材料的遗传多样性和它们之间的亲缘关系，以便对其进行有效、科学的利用。【方法】利用RAPD分子标记技术对来源于欧洲、非洲和亚洲的30份代表性的芸芥(Eruca Mill.)材料进行遗传多样性分析，根据遗传相似系数计算不同材料RAPD数据的遗传距离矩阵，按UPGMA方法对研究材料进行聚类。【结果】不同芸芥亚种间表现出比较大的多态性，47个引物共扩增出486条DNA带，其中432条表现出多态性，占总带数的89.0%，来源不同的材料有各自的特征带。30个材料的遗传距离在0.1036～0.4511之间。【结论】聚类分析表明，在遗传距离为0.1452处，30个材料可分为7个类群，其中来源于中国的材料为一独立的类群，来源于西班牙及其他国家地区的材料分属另外6个不同的类群。芸芥起源中心的西班牙及其毗邻地区的芸芥的遗传多样性最为丰富，而中国可能是芸芥的次生演化中心。     

Study on Phylogenetic Relationships of Five Breeds of Pigs by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA（RAPD）

RAPD was used to study the genetic divergency and phylogenetic relationships of five breeds of domestic pigs,including Min pig,Duroc,Yorkshired,Landrace and Junmu I pig. We selected fourteen primers from eighty random primers,caculated genetic distance index matrix and constructed phylogenetic tree with UPGMA methods. Genetic distance index matrix indicated that the genetic relationship between Junmu I pig and Landrace was the closest and the farthest between Duroc and min pig.     

圆鼻巨蜥遗传多样性的RAPD分析（摘要）

[目的]采用RAPD技术对圆鼻巨蜥（Varanus salvator）进行遗传多样性分析。[方法]用20个随机引物对圆鼻巨蜥36个个体的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。[结果]有10对引物能扩出清晰稳定的条带,共扩增出2952条DNA片段,平均每个个体扩增出82个条带,其中47条具多态性,多态性位点比为57.32%,36个个体间遗传距离为0.0359～0.3359,平均遗传距离为0.13592。Neis基因多样性指数H=0.1819,Shannons多样性指数I=0.2630,表明圆鼻巨蜥具有较高的遗传多样性。[结论]采用UPGMA法构建了36个个体相互关系的分子聚类图,发现没有形成明显的种群分化。     

Genetic Diversity of Recurrent Selection Populations with Ms2 Gene Assessed by Gliadins in Common Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）

The male-sterile lines with Ms2 gene were highly evaluated in recurrent selection in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Three populations C6 （population after six cycles of selection）, C7 （population after seven cycles of selection）, and C8 （population after eight cycles of selection） were constructed through recurrent selection with 12 parental materials （P）. Acid polyacrymide gel electrophoresis （A-PAGE） analysis was used to identify gliadin patterns and evaluate the genetic diversity in 12 parents and three populations. A total of 63 bands were identified, of which 17 polymorphic bands and 7 unique bands were present in populations and seven polymorphic bands and four unique bands were present in parents. The number of polymorphic and unique bands decreased gradually from C6 to C8, especially for to- and y-gliadins. The genetic distances in C6, C7, and C8 were calculated. The distributions of genetic distance were different in three recurrent selection populations. From C6 to C8, the genetic distance was 0.2687, 0.2652 and 0.1987, respectively. Statistically significant differences were detected between C7 and C8 with the T value of 37.9718. The result of cluster analysis based on genetic similarity matrix of three populations fitted well to those of principle coordinates analysis （PCoA）. Compared with 12 parents, almost all individuals of three populations are new genotypes. Most of the individuals from C6 and C7 could be divided into two groups, while most individuals of C8 were in one cluster. In conclusion, the results indicated that the genetic diversity was decreased severely according to the information revealed by A-PAGE, although some variations could be created in the recurrent selection. It was necessary to introduce diverse germplasm based on the genetic database of recurrent population to maintain and improve the breeding efficiency in the further program.     

A Comparative Analysis of B Chromosomes and Genetic Diversity in Maize （Zea mays L.） Landraces from Southwest China

The number of B chromosomes （Bs） in 54 maize landraces from Southwest China was tested by means of cytological observations. Nine landraces with Bs were observed. A map, showing the geographic distribution of the landraces with Bs, was plotted. It was found that southeastern Sichuan Province in China was the main distribution area of the landraces with Bs in Southwest China. In order to obtain information on relationships between Bs and genetic variation, genetic diversity both among and within 11 landraces was evaluated. For each SSR marker, the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12 with an average of 7.86, which revealed a high level of genetic diversity among maize landraces in Southwest China. Based on SSRs data, higher genetic variation was found in the landraces with 2B, and the genetic distance between the landraces with and without Bs was higher. The results together with the principal component analysis （PCA） supported the hypothesis that maize landraces in Southwest China were first introduced to the middle part of southwest Sichuan, China. At the same time, the effect of Bs on genetic variation was discussed.     

基于ISSR标记的20种荷花品种资源遗传多样性分析

[目的]研究20种荷花材料遗传多样性和亲缘关系。[方法]利用ISSR-PCR体系筛选出16条多态性引物,并利用16条ISSR引物对20种荷花材料进行PCR扩增。[结果]16条引物扩增出225个位点,多态性位点占75.56%。通过Popgene32软件计算出20个荷花品种间的相似性系数为0.577 8~0.951 1,平均值为0.779 6。通过聚类分析将20个荷花品种分为两大类,白洋淀红莲和冬瓜莲可归为一类,其他18个品种划分为第二类。[结论]ISSR标记技术可有效应用于不同荷花品种的遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。     

僵藕的发病症状及细胞结构

观察研究了僵藕的形态特征和茎叶细胞的超微结构。结果表明:僵藕藕身表面出现棕褐色斑点、条斑,表皮细胞和薄壁细胞常被破坏形成空腔,薄壁细胞中淀粉粒减少,维管束衰退,导管发育不全,筛管内含物积聚,运输功能受损;叶绿体和线粒体结构混乱,膜解体、消失,细胞核核膜不清,核仁不明显;液泡内含物聚集;僵藕病叶叶肉细胞和叶脉细胞中有6~8臂的风轮状内含体,同时在僵藕病叶组织的粗提取液中发现线条状病毒粒子。     

湖北省莲藕品种演变及栽培利用特点

湖北省是莲藕起源地之一,亦为我国莲藕重要产区.其品种演变历史可划分为传统品种阶段(1980年以前)、新品种选育的起步和奠基阶段(1980～1990年)、传统品种更新和新品种快速推广与持续选育时期(1990年以后).不仅拥有许多传统品种,而且选育了多个新品种,是我国莲藕新品种的主要选育地区.在莲藕茬口配置、设施栽培、种藕繁殖、采挖以及莲藕产品开发利用等方面具有明显的地方特色.     

莲藕膨大过程中淀粉合成相关酶的活性变化及其与淀粉积累的关系

 【目的】研究莲藕根状茎膨大过程中淀粉合成相关酶的活性，探讨其与莲藕淀粉积累的关系。【方法】以4个莲藕主栽品种为试材，采用比色法，分析了根状茎膨大过程中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、可溶性总糖、淀粉含量及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ADPGPase）、淀粉合成酶（SSase）和淀粉分支酶（Q-酶）活性的变化。【结果】果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性总糖、蔗糖的含量高峰分别出现在莲藕根茎的膨大前期、中期、后期。总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量在膨大中期前上升缓慢，到后期含量急增，总淀粉含量可达鲜重的11.1%～12.7%，其中支链淀粉始终约占总淀粉的70%。ADPGPase和SSase 在各相同膨大时期品种间差异明显，而Q-酶差异较小；3种酶表达上存在明显的时段特征，SSase表达最早，膨大前期即达峰值，ADPGPase和Q-酶活性的表达则相对较迟，均在中期达最大值；ADPGPase和SSase的活性峰值与后期总淀粉含量呈极显著和显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.9830（P＜0.01;n=12）和0.8458（P＜0.05;n=12）；Q-酶活性峰值与后期支链淀粉含量呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.7690（P＜0.05;n=12）。【结论】ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉合成酶活性对成熟期莲藕根茎的总淀粉含量起关键调控作用；淀粉分支酶则调控根茎支链淀粉的含量。     

莲藕除锈与保鲜的初步研究

以表面含锈较多的莲藕作试验材料,开展了除锈剂种类、浓度、助溶剂种类及海藻酸钠涂膜保鲜的研究。结果表明:在3种除锈剂即亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸、除锈剂A中,以除锈剂A的除锈效果最好,并且随着其浓度的增加,除锈时间减少;除锈剂A浓度在1.0%至2.5%之间,除锈时间随浓度的增加而减少,以2.5%浓度处理的效果最好;0.5%助溶剂B能显著提高1.0%除锈剂A的除锈效果;0.5%海藻酸钠涂膜的保鲜效果较好;除锈时间与藕锈的面积无关,而与藕锈的厚度有关。     

Genetic Variation in Triticum turgidum L.ssp.turgidum Landraces from China Assessed by EST-SSR Markers

It was helpful for the wheat improvement to evaluate the genetic resources of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum landraces. In this study, 68 turgidum landraces accessions, belonging to four geographic populations in China, were investigated by using EST-SSR markers. A total of 63 alleles were detected on 22 EST-SSR loci, and the number of alleles on each locus ranged from 1 to 5, with an average of 2.9. The results of the analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 92.5% of the total variations was attributed to the genetic variations within population, whereas only 7.5% variations among populations. Although the four populations had similar genetic diversity parameters, Sichuan population was yet distinguished from other populations when comparing the population samples in pairs. Significant correlations were detected by the statistic analysis among six genetic diversity parameters among each other. The selection difference between heterozygosty and homozygosty was also observed among different EST-SSR locus. The genetic similarity （GS） ranged from 0.18 to 0.98, with the mean of 0.72, and all accessions could be clustered into 7 groups. The dendrogram suggested that the genetic relationships among turgidum accessions evaluated by EST-SSR markers were unrelated to their geographic distributions. These results implied that turgidum landraces from China had the unique characters of genetic diversity.     

莲藕根状茎膨大过程中淀粉合成相关基因的表达

【目的】通过研究莲藕根状茎膨大过程中基因的表达,挖掘重要的淀粉合成相关基因。【方法】基于转录组测序、数字基因差异表达谱技术以及qRT-PCR方法,研究莲藕（‘美人红’）根状茎膨大过程中淀粉合成相关基因的表达特性。【结果】根状茎膨大始期和中期,淀粉合成缓慢,而膨大后期,淀粉粒明显增大,淀粉含量快速增加。转录组测序结果表明,根状茎膨大过程中34个基因参与了淀粉代谢;差异基因表达谱技术分析显示,LrGBSS、LrSBEI、LrSBEII和 LrSBEIII 4个基因在膨大后期表达量显著增加;qRT-PCR结果进一步证明,上述4个基因与根状茎中淀粉合成密切相关。【结论】莲藕根状茎膨大时淀粉积累主要在膨大后期,LrGBSS、LrSBEI、LrSBEII和 LrSBEIII 4个基因的表达影响莲藕根状茎淀粉的形成。     

膜荚黄芪种质资源的RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术对19份膜荚黄芪种质资源进行了分析,从200条随机引物中筛选出12条引物,共扩增出148条条带,其中127条为多态带,多态性比率为85.8%,其比率较高.系统聚类分析将19份膜荚黄芪种质分为3大类群--野生黄芪、东北黄芪和华北黄芪,这与传统分类学的结果相符.     

辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对90份辣椒种质资源遗传多样性进行分析,从200个RAPD引物中筛选出10个引物分别对供试材料的DNA进行扩增,共扩增出70个位点,其中多态性谱带38条,多态性程度为54.3％.平均每个引物产生7条多态性谱带,每个引物可扩增出4～9条,谱带大小为100～2000 bp.对RAPD结果进行聚类分析...     

学术词汇表（AWL）的研究进展与启示

对国内外学术词汇表（AWL）研究进展进行了综述。首先指出研究AWL的理论意义和实践意义,接着回顾了AWL的起源和发展,介绍了最有影响力的Coxhead的AWL及学者们对它的验证与运用,最后指出AWL的研究对我国的科研和教研具有的重要启示作用。