Heterogeneity of 5S RNA in fungal ribosomes

Neurospora crassa has at least seven types of 5S RNA genes (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon, delta, zeta, and eta) with different coding regions. A high resolution gel electrophoresis system was developed to separate minor 5S RNA's from the major 5S RNA (alpha). A study of several Neurospora crassa strains, four other species in the genus Neurospora, members of two closely related genera, and three distantly related genera demonstrated that 5S RNA heterogeneity is common among fungi. In addition, different 5S RNA's are present in Neurospora ribosomes. The finding that fungal ribosomes are structurally heterogeneous suggests that ribosomes may be functionally heterogeneous as well.     

Release of catecholamines and specific protein from adrenal glands

Rabbit antiserums directed against a purified protein obtained from the catecholamine storage vesicles of the adrenal medulla of the cow were used to study the mechanism of secretion from the adrenal medulla. During secretion evoked by acetylcholine in isolated perfused adrenal glands, catecholamines and the specific intravesicular protein were released in relative amounts comparable to those present in the intact gland. Thus catecholamines are apparently released from the storage vesicles by a process resembling reverse pinocytosis.     

Heterogeneity of human ceruloplasmin

Subfractionation of purified human ceruloplasmin, prepared from plasma of 9109 donors, has been carried out by chromatography on columns of diethylaminoethyl cellulose and hydroxylapatite. Electrophoretic analyses of these subfractions on starch gels, at pH 8.5 and 5.7, reveal the presence of at least four ceruloplasmins, two of which appear to differ in histidine content.     

贵阳市土地利用强度的空间异质性

为摸清2000—2013年贵阳市土地利用强度的空间分布规律及变化趋势,通过遥感解译、系统网格采样和半变异函数模型分析,采用普通克里金空间内插技术,对比分析贵阳市2000年、2005年、2010年和2013年4个时期土地利用强度的空间异质性。结果表明:2000—2013年贵阳市土地利用强度存在较为明显的空间异质性,2000—2010年土地利用强度空间结构比率C0/(C0+C)分别为0.400、0.342和0.255,属于中等程度的空间自相关性;2013年土地利用强度C0/(C0+C)为0.238,属于强烈的空间自相关性,且空间自相关程度逐年增强;贵阳市土地利用强度空间异质性的产生主要是由地形、地貌等结构性因素引起,同时也受一定程度人类活动等随机因素的影响。     

Baroreceptors in the adrenal gland

Afferent activity from dissected filaments of nerves to the adrenal gland was recorded. Firing rates of single fibers followed changes in systemic blood pressure. Chemically and mechanically induced changes in blood pressure were reflected by an appropriate directional change in unit activity.     

Heterogeneity of presumably homogeneous protein preparations

Some highly purified glycolytic enzymes have been subjected to isoelectric focusing and found to contain a number of enzymatically active species. Crystalline aldolase A and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle were resolved into five components, crystalline aldolase from yeast was resolved into three components, pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle yielded four components, and yeast enolase was resolved into two components. Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (M(4)) gave one major peak of protein and enzymatic activity. The profiles of aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and yeast aldolases suggest random combinations of two closely related subunits into tetramers and dimers, respectively. The molecular heterogeneity of the other enzymes is not so easily related to subunit structure.     

太湖沉积物耗氧速率空间异质性研究

沉积物耗氧速率(sediment oxygen demand,简称SOD)在综合评价水体水质和环境特征时是一个非常有用的参数,对分析水体氧收支平衡和评价水环境质量具有重要意义。采集了由太湖大浦沿岸到湖心及太湖南岸到湖心不同位点的太湖沉积物,采用微体积法研究了太湖沉积物SOD的空间异质性。结果表明:随着离湖岸距离的增加,沉积物SOD逐渐降低;沉积物SOD与沉积物粒度分布和间隙水APA呈极显著正相关(R2=0.867,P<0.01;R2=0.929,P<0.01),与沉积物APA呈负相关,但不显著(R2=-0.331,P>0.05),与有机物含量呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.794,P<0.01)。     

应激大鼠血浆与肾上腺组织血管紧张素Ⅱ的水平及ANGmRNA在肾上腺组织中的表达

目的：观察应激大鼠血浆与肾上腺组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的水平及血管紧张素原(ANG)mRNA在肾上腺组织中的表达。方法：24只雄性大鼠随机分为3组(急性游泳组，慢性电击组和对照组)，采用放免分析法和原位杂交技术分别检测不同应激情况下大鼠血浆与肾上腺组织AngⅡ的水平及ANGmRNA在肾上腺组织中的表达。结果：急性游泳组和慢性电击组血浆与肾上腺组织AngⅡ含量及ANGmRNA在肾上腺组织中表达均显著高于对照组(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)。结论：应激时肾上腺局部肾素—血管紧张素系统(RAS)被显著激活，进一步支持局部RAS参与了应激反应的观点。     

个旧市绿地系统景观异质性分析

应用景观生态学原理，将个旧市绿地景观分成6个类型，在建立景观要素分类系统的基础上，应用多样性等4个指标对个旧市绿地系统景观异质性进行了分析，结果表明：个旧市绿地系统整体景观属于细粒结构，防护绿地占主体地位，而专用绿地景观要素异质性最高，这两类绿地是控制城市生态平衡的关键因素．根据指标分析提出了相应的建议．     

蚌埠市绿地土壤几种化学指标的异质性分析

测定了蚌埠市建成区内大型景观绿地土壤的有机质含量、铵态氮含量、速效磷含量、pH和土壤全盐量.在分析了各指标变异系数后发现在不同绿地类型之间绿地土壤化学指标均表现出中等程度的变异.相关分析表明,不同绿地类型土壤中除pH与全盐量间存在显著的相关性外,5种土壤化学指标间没有显著相关性.说明即使在较小的城市建成区范围内,不同类型的绿地土壤由于土壤产生及来源不同,以及受到的人为干扰强度不一样,土壤化学指标也存在空间异质性.     

枣麦间作生态系统土壤养分的时空异质性

通过研究枣麦间作生态系统土壤养分的时空异质性,为系统内科学的肥料管理技术提供参考。基于枣麦间作生态系统(JIE)内部的异质性,在冬小麦不同生育期,对不同位点取样调查。结果表明:土壤有机质质量分数随冬小麦生育进程呈递增趋势,水平分布上表现出距枣树越远其土壤有机质质量分数越低,并且0~20cm土层有机质质量分数高于20~40cm土层。土壤速效N、P、K质量分数表现出明显的时空分布特性。土壤速效N、P、K质量分数随冬小麦生育进程基本呈下降趋势;水平分布上,土壤速效N、P、K质量分数随距枣树距离的增加而逐渐下降;而在垂直分布则表现出随土层深度的增加,土壤速效N、P、K质量分数呈逐渐降低。因此,在枣麦间作生态系统中,应适当增加20~40cm土层和距树体150~200cm的氮肥、磷肥施用量,以缓和枣树和小麦养分竞争。     

Heterogeneity Analysis of Cucumber Canopy in the Solar Greenhouse

Detailed analysis of canopy structural heterogeneity is an essential step in conducting parameters for a canopy structural model. This paper aims to analyze the structural heterogeneity of a cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） canopy by means of analyzing leaf distribution in a greenhouse environment with natural sunlight and also to assess the effect of structural canopy heterogeneity on light interception and photosynthesis. Two experiments and four measurements were carried out in autumn 2011 and spring 2012. A static virtual three-dimensional （3D） canopy structure was reconstructed using a 3D digitizing method. The diurnal variation of photosynthesis rate was measured using CIRAS-2 photosynthesis system. The results showed that, leaf azimuth as tested with the Rayleigh-test was homogeneous at vine tip over stage but turned heterogeneous at fruit harvest stage. After eliminating the inlfuence of the environment on the azimuth using the von Mises-Fisher method, the angle between two successive leaves was 144°;at the same time, a rule for the azimuth distribution in the canopy was established, stating that the azimuth distribution in cucumber followed a law which was positive spin and anti-spin. Leaf elevation angle of south-oriented leaves was on average 13.8° higher than that of north-oriented leaves. The horizontal distribution of light interception and photosynthesis differed signiifcantly between differently oriented leaves. East-and west-oriented leaves exhibited the highest photosynthetic rate. In conclusion, detailed analysis of canopy structural heterogeneity in this study indicated that leaf azimuth and elevation angle were heterogeneous in cucumber canopy and they should be explicitly described as they have a great impact both on light distribution and photosynthesis.     

大庆盐渍土壤pH值的空间异质性

选取大庆市盐碱地的退化草场为研究对象,选取不同植被样地,测其表层土壤pH值,根据克立格法的原理,依据已知点的数据(pH值)绘制各样地土壤pH值空间分布图,结果表明:在种草恢复地区(A区),植被生长繁茂,碱斑明显且集中,碱斑周围生长的草本植物密集,生长状况良好;在荒废草场地区(B区),草本植物密疏错落分布,生长不均匀,且生长状况不好,碱斑面积较大,可能是由于植被已被破坏、地势等原因,土壤及土壤母质中所含的可溶性盐类,在强烈的地表蒸发作用下,通过土壤毛管,在水分的携带下,于地表和上层土体中不断累积,致使pH值偏高;在人为耕种地区(C区),耕地上只有少数作物,大部分土地裸露,蒸发量大,造成次生盐碱化,盐渍化较前两者严重且带状曲折不规则,部分农作物已经死亡。     

Renin-like enzyme in the adrenal gland

The rabbit adrenal gland contains an enzyme which reacts with renin substrate to form a vasopressor polypeptide, probably angiotensin I. In view of the strong effects of angiotensin on secretion of aldosterone and catecholamine, this finding suggests that there may be an intra-adrenal mechanism for the control of adrenal secretions.     

地统计学在湿地土壤养分空间异质性研究中的应用

在地统计学的区域化变量理论和变异函数的基础上建立了一套对湿地土壤养分的空间异质性进行定量化的较系统且完整研究的方法,通过向海湿地的案例研究证实了该方法在湿地土壤养分空间异质性研究中具有较强的操作性和准确性。