茶假眼小绿叶蝉发生为害特点调查研究

通过多点系统调查,探讨了茶假眼小绿叶蝉在福建主要茶区发生规律及为害特点。揭示了该虫百叶虫量与百梢虫量及虫梢率的相关性,比较了茶梢不同部位该虫着卵的比率。为茶假眼小绿叶蝉预测预报及防治提供了理论依据。     

茶假眼小绿叶蝉防治方法

介绍茶假眼小绿叶蝉的形态特征、寄主范围、生活习性、为害特点和防治方法,以减轻茶假眼小绿叶蝉对茶树的为害,减少农药残留。     

不同色板诱杀茶假眼小绿叶蝉效果比较

以3种不同处理的诱虫色板进行茶园茶假眼小绿叶蝉诱杀试验.通过田间持续跟踪调查,比较分析3种不同处理的控害效果,再从中筛选出2种防效较好的处理技术,再进行两者间比较试验.试验结果表明,黄板加性信息素的组合处理对茶假眼小绿叶蝉的防治效果最好.试验结果还显示,色板在挂后30 d左右效果开始减弱.     

几种杀虫剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,苦参碱0.6%水剂、联苯菊酯100克/升乳油、虫螨腈240克/升悬浮剂、联苯菊酯25克/升乳油对茶假眼小绿叶蝉均具有较高的防效,同时具有较好的持效性。药后7d,各药剂防效均在71.4%以上,其中虫螨腈240克/升悬浮剂防效最好,达97.8%。各药剂可作为防治假眼小绿叶蝉的良好药剂推广使用。     

永泰县茶假眼小绿叶蝉发生特点与防治对策

茶假眼小绿叶蝉是永泰县茶园的头号害虫,主要以成虫、若虫刺吸茶嫩梢叶片汁液,严重影响茶叶品质。一年发生10代,世代重叠。通过多点茶园系统调查,摸清了茶假眼小绿叶蝉在永泰县茶区的发生为害特点,探索了茶假眼小绿叶蝉的预测预报方法,为茶假眼小绿叶蝉综合防控提供理论依据。     

茶假眼小绿叶蝉绿色防控技术试验

应用生物农药和生物调控剂以及色板诱杀等绿色防控技术对茶树假眼小绿叶蝉的控制效果试验结果表明.0.5％藜卢碱SL、4％鱼藤酮EC两种生物农药都有一定的速效性,鱼藤酮效果略好,药后7d防效仍保持在46.39％;色板对假眼小绿叶蝉的诱杀量随其设置高度的增加而减少,设置在茶梢以下0～20 cm处的诱捕效果最好;色板朝向对诱杀效果无影响;色板设置密度以间隔2m效果最好.     

不同药剂对茶假眼小绿叶蝉的防效及其对天敌的影响

不同药剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉试验结果表明,烯啶虫胺10%水剂、印楝素0.3%乳油、联苯菊酯10%乳油、醚菊酯10%悬浮剂、吡虫啉70%水分散粒剂对茶假眼小绿叶蝉均具有较好的防效。印楝素0.3%乳油是植物源生物农药,缓效、低毒、不污染环境,烯啶虫胺10%水剂防效高,速效性和持效性较好,而且对捕食性天敌杀伤较小,可在无公害茶园推广应用。     

宜宾茶假眼小绿叶蝉发生规律与综合防治

介绍了四川宜宾茶假眼小绿叶蝉的发生规律,分析了其发生严重的原因,提出了综合防治策略:在农业防治的基础上,积极开展物理防治和生物防治,构建绿色防控体系,科学、合理使用药剂防治,将假眼小绿叶蝉种群数量控制在经济允许水平以下,将茶叶中的农药残留量降低到国家规定的标准范围以内。     

不同色板对茶假眼小绿叶蝉的诱杀效果

通过性信息素黄板诱杀茶假眼小绿叶蝉的试验结果表明,在诱虫色板上加入专用的小绿叶蝉诱芯后,诱虫量能达到单用诱虫板的6倍以上,而蓝色诱虫板加入诱芯后,诱杀效果是单用黄板的2倍以上。因此,在茶园中安插性信息素诱虫色板,可有效提高诱杀效果,减轻假眼小绿叶蝉的为害。     

两种植物源农药防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉药效试验

试验结果表明,0.5%黎芦碱SL 500倍液药后3d、7d、14d平均防效分别为94.5%、84.2%,和36.3%;1.5%苦参碱SL 800倍液药后3d、7d、14d平均防效分别为98.3%、67.8%和35.3%。对茶假眼小绿叶蝉均具有较好的防效,但持效性短。建议用0.5%黎芦碱SL 500倍液、1.5%苦参碱SL 800倍液防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉。     

灰茶尺蠖为害诱导茶树释放的互利素的鉴定

为鉴定灰茶尺蠖为害诱导茶树释放的互利素,遂以SDE法提取灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢和正常茶梢挥发物,经GC-MS检测,分别鉴定出31和25种组分,二者总含量相对于等剂量内标的含量分别是1863.8%和1124.6%。与正常茶梢相比,灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢挥发物中苯甲醛、反-2-癸烯醛、吲哚、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛含量显著增加。将灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢挥发物的18种主要组分分别溶于液体石蜡制成10^-4g/mL味源,以Y形嗅觉仪检测茶尺蠖绒茧峰对味源的趋性;与液体石蜡相比,苯甲醛、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛诱效显著,反-2癸烯醛、4-庚烯醛和吲哚的诱效明显,其他11组分无明显诱效。再将前7种组分配成10^-2g/mL引诱剂,分别载于橡皮头制成诱芯,附于芽绿粘板上,在茶园茶尺蠖绒茧蜂盛发期实施诱捕,携带前4种诱芯的芽绿粘板诱捕的蜂数明显多于后3种、且显著多于无诱芯的芽绿粘板,而且携带10^-2g/mL苯甲醛、水杨酸和反-2-己烯醛等量混合物诱芯的诱效最强。认为苯甲醛、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛是灰茶尺蠖取食诱导的茶树互利素。     

Changes in selected immunological parameters and antioxidant status of rainbow trout exposed to malachite green (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)

In this study, the effects of malachite green on selected immunological parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant status biomarkers in blood, liver, kidney, spleen and gill of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was examined. During 5 days the malachite green was applied at concentrations of 1/15,000 and 1/150,000 for 30 s and 60 min, respectively. Immunological parameters (nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, total plasma protein (TP), total immunoglobulin (TI)) and biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation (MDA), catalase (CAT) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels) were evaluated after exposed to malachite green. It has been observed that NBT activity (p < 0.05, p < 0.001), total protein (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) and total immunoglobulin (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) levels were decreased compared with control group. In the rainbow tout exposed to malachite green duration 5 days significantly increased lipid peroxidation, which might be associated to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in the whole tissues of O. mykiss (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 for each cases).     

Changes in susceptibility of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea by pre-inoculative ozone exposures

The effects of ozone on the susceptibility of leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris toSclerotinia sclerotiorum andBotrytis cinerea have been investigated. Seedlings of one ozone-sensitive (Pros) and five relatively ozone-insensitive cultivars (Gamin, Precores, Groffy, Narda, Berna) were exposed to different ozone concentrations (0, 120, 180 and 270 g m^–3) for 8 h. One day after the exposures, primary leaves were detached and immediately inoculated with spores of either pathogen suspended in water or in a 62.5 mM KH₂PO₄ (Pi) solution. Visible ozone injury differed between the cultivars and increased with increasing ozone concentration. On the leaves of non-exposed plants, spores of the pathogens suspended in water caused very few lesions, whereas fungal pathogenicity was stimulated by addition of Pi to the inoculum. Ozone-injured leaves of all cultivars exhibited lesions after inoculation of the leaves with the pathogens suspended in water, and the number of lesions was positively correlated with the level of ozone injury for either pathogen and cultivar. The increase in susceptibility of bean leaves in response to increasing ozone concentrations was greater forB. cinerea than forS. sclerotiorum when spores were suspended in water, but was similar when the spores were suspended in Pi.In general, the number of lesions following inoculation with spores in Pi increased with increasing ozone concentration. However, the number of lesions in the ozone-insensitive Groffy was reduced by an exposure to 120 g m^–3 but increased with higher concentrations. This pattern of susceptibility response to the pathogens was not found in the other ozone-insensitive cultivars and, thus, did not appear to be related to the inherent ozone-insensitivity in bean.     

花椰菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统与抗黑腐病关系的研究

 在盆栽条件下,花椰菜抗病品种雪峰和感病品种2003X-106的幼苗在接种黑腐病菌后,叶片组织内O₂^·产生速率,SOD、POD、PAL活性,MDA含量和膜透性都有不同程度的提高和增加。与2003X-106相比,雪峰的O₂^·产生速率和SOD、PAL活性的增加更为显著,POD活性也要高于2003X-106;而MDA含量和电导率的增幅要明显低于2003X-106。表明抗病品种雪峰比感病品种2003X-106具有更强的抗黑腐病能力和抗氧化能力。