INHIBITION OF ADHESIVENESS AND AGGREGATION OF DISSOCIATED CELLS BY INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN AND RNA SYNTHESIS

Mutual adhesiveness and aggregation of dissociated embryonic retina cells in suspension cultures are suppressed rapidly and reversibly by puromycin, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent protein synthesis; and at a slower rate, irreversibly, by actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA formation. The results imply that biosynthetic processes are involved in the mechanism of reattachment of these cells.     

澳大利亚厚皮海绵化学成分分离鉴定及其抗肿瘤活性研究

为进一步探求澳大利亚厚皮海绵Craniella australiensis在海洋药物研制中的作用,采用硅胶柱层析及Sephadex LH-20凝胶过滤层析等技术,从澳大利亚厚皮海绵乙酸乙酯层浸膏中分离纯化出两种化合物,并通过波谱数据与文献对照的方法对化合物进行了结构鉴定,采用CCK-8法对2个化合物进行体外抗肿瘤细胞活性试验。结果表明:从澳大利亚厚皮海绵分离得到的2个化合物分别为Aldisin和2-Bromoaldisin;体外抗肿瘤细胞活性试验显示,化合物Aldisin和2-Bromoaldisin对人克隆结肠腺癌细胞(Caco-2)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT116)、人肝癌细胞(7721)、人胶质瘤细胞(U251)和人肾癌细胞(A498)均具有抑制活性的作用,其中化合物Aldisin处理7721细胞的IC50为(67.56±3.06)μg/m L,抑制作用显著。研究表明,两种化合物属于天然产物,可作为潜在的抗肿瘤药物进行进一步研究。     

桔小实蝇卵和幼虫在番石榴上的空间格局

应用多种聚集度指标、Iwao回归分析法、Taylor幂法则研究了桔小实蝇卵和幼虫在番石榴园的空间分布格局，结果表明，该虫的卵和幼虫在所有密度下均呈聚集分布，分布基本成分为个体群。提出了桔小实蝇卵和幼虫理论抽样公式，给出了桔小实蝇卵和幼虫在不同密度、不同误差要求下的最适抽样数。     

非线性动态生态系统的完备集结

集结理论是一种研究宏观生态和环境大系统建模和模拟的重要方法。本文中,作者根据生态学中的集结研究成果及自动控制理论,讨论了集结变量和功能的一般原则,以及非线性生态系统建模中完备集结的充要条件;并以若干文献实例支持了作者的结论。     

针叶小爪螨越冬卵空间分布型及抽样技术的研究

本文用两种聚集度指标(C 和 L)和 Iwao 的 m~*-m 回归、Taylor 幂的法则测定了针叶小爪螨 Oligonychus ununguis(Jacobi)越冬卵的空间分布型。结果表明,针叶小爪螨越冬卵在枝条上存在着个体群,个体群的空间分布为聚集分布,并具有聚集度的密度依赖性。在此基础上,得出了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型。在可靠性 P=95％的水平上,中部枝条上随机抽样可代表全株随机抽样。     

苹果树冠山楂叶螨若螨空间格局的研究

本文用聚集度指标,Iwao m-m回归以及Taylor的幂法则研究了苹果树上山楂叶螨若螨的多维空间格局及其时序动态,考察了若螨个体聚集与扩散的趋势。根据空间格局的信息,得到了若螨在苹果树上、中、下三层树冠的资料代换公式及理论抽样数模型。研究结果表明:若螨在苹果树上、中、下三层树冠的空间格局均属聚集型,其原因主要是由于环境的作用引起的,但也不能完全排除由于若螨本身聚集习性的缘故。     

Physiological regulation of the immunological synapse by agrin

T cell activation is dependent on both a primary signal delivered through the T cell receptor and a secondary costimulatory signal mediated by coreceptors. Although controversial, costimulation is thought to act through the specific redistribution and clustering of membrane and intracellular kinase-rich lipid raft microdomains at the contact site between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. This site has been termed the immunological synapse. Endogenous mediators of raft clustering in lymphocytes have not been identified, although they are essential for T cell activation. We now demonstrate that agrin, an aggregating protein crucial for formation of the neuromuscular junction, is also expressed in lymphocytes and is important in reorganization of membrane lipid microdomains and setting the threshold for T cell signaling. Our data show that agrin induces the aggregation of signaling proteins and the creation of signaling domains in both immune and nervous systems through a common lipid raft pathway.     

苹果苜蓿苔螨种群的空间分布型研究

本文根据田间调查资料，应用８种聚集度指标分析了苹果苜蓿苔螨在苹果园内 的种群空间分布情况。结果表明：苜蓿苔螨的成、苔螨及卵的空间分布均属聚 集分布；分布的基本成分为个体群．树冠不同方位的各虫态分析，平均密度及 平均拥挤度均以中部高于其它方位，而聚块性指标则以中部最小；其聚集强度 表现为卵）若螨）成螨的规律。     

枫香种群格局与生境适应性的研究

枫香因其维护地力作用明显、生态效益好、经济价值高,在生产、科研上备受重视。但由于人类活动的长期干扰,我国枫香林几乎被砍伐殆尽。因此,研究枫香种群的分布格局对种群恢复具有实践上的指导意义。本文以不同生境的枫香群落为研究对象,采用群落生态学的研究方法对枫香种群进行野外调查,研究种群分布格局与生物和环境因素之间的关系。结果表明:(1)不同地点,枫香种群聚集强度的大小有差异;(2)不同坡位,枫香种群均呈聚集分布,但聚集强度大小因坡位环境差异而不同;(3)不同坡向,枫香种群聚集强度阴坡面较阳坡面大,但聚集强度值因坡向环境差异而不同;(4)在种群发育中,幼龄期个体数量最多,并且龄级越靠近幼龄期,种群分布越呈强烈的聚集性。随年龄的增长,种群进入中龄期和老龄期,种群聚集度呈下降趋势并趋向随机分布或均匀分布;(5)不同地点,枫香与群落中其它物种呈现出不同的相关性,但正关联种对均比负关联种对少;(6)影响枫香种群的生境异质性主要为水、热、光、土壤以及地形条件,它们决定着枫香种群的大尺度分布格局特征以及分布区域。     

重庆涪陵磨盘沟桫椤种群结构与分布格局研究

以重庆涪陵磨盘沟桫椤群落为研究对象,对调查样地内的桫椤种群结构和分布格局进行了研究。结果表明：现阶段种群结构为增长型类型;桫椤种群至聚集分布,但聚集程度不是很高,聚集面积不是很大,这在一定程度上反映出小种群的特点。在此基础上分析了格局形成的原因,并提出保护建议。     

瓜实蝇幼虫在番石榴上空间格局的研究

用多种聚集度指标分析番石榴园挂果期瓜实蝇幼虫的空间分布格局。结果表明:瓜实蝇幼虫呈聚集分布型,分布的基本成分是个体群。聚集原因是由瓜实蝇幼虫的行为和环境因素引起的。田间虫口密度高低影响空间分布,虫口密度加大,番石榴果实中瓜实蝇幼虫数量差异变小。同时,建立了幼虫在番石榴果实上的理论抽样数公式,给出了不同误差、不同密度条件下的理论抽样数,并得出了序贯抽样公式。     

Collagen-coated cellulose sponge: three dimensional matrix for tissue culture of Walker tumor 256

Three-dimensional growth of large populations of cells in vitro has been observed in the interstices of a matrix consisting of collagen-coated cellu lose sponge. The growth of Walker tumor 256 in this composite matrix is com pared with that found in a matrix composed of either cellulose sponge alone or collagen sponge alone. The composite matrix is superior to either one. Collagen coated cellulose sponge may provide a simple tool for the study of social interaction of cells in the formation of organized elementary tissue structures.     

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate waves in Dictyostelium discoideum: a demonstration by isotope dilution--fluorography

The distribution of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in fields of aggregating amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum was examined by a novel isotope dilution-fluorographic technique. Cellular cyclic AMP was visualized by its competition with exogenous 3H-labeled cyclic AMP for high-affinity binding sites on protein kinase immobilized on a Millipore filter used to blot the monolayer. The cyclic AMP was distributed in spiral or concentric circular wave patterns which centered on the foci of the aggregations. These patterns were correlated with those of cell shape change that propagate through the monolayers: cells in regions of high concentrations of cyclic AMP were elongated (presumably moving up a cyclic AMP gradient), whereas those in regions of low cyclic AMP concentrations were randomly directed. The highest cyclic AMP concentrations were about 10(-6)M. The widths of the regions of elevated cyclic AMP were about 0.3 to 1 millimeter which, assuming a wave velocity of 300 micrometers per minute, suggests that a cell signals for about 1 to 3 minutes. These observations support the hypothesis that the aggregation process in Dictyostelium is mediated by the periodic relay of cyclic AMP signals and suggest a simple scheme for the dynamics of the aggregation process.     

不同倾角的秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱照度实验比较研究

秋刀鱼是西北太平洋北部温带水域的主要捕捞对象之一,集鱼灯灯光配置是秋刀鱼高效捕捞技术的重要内容。本文通过模拟灯箱光学特性实验,利用Matlab7.0软件建立秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱照度分布模型,对不同倾角的秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱的照度分布进行了研究。结果表明:当秋刀鱼集鱼灯倾角为30°、45°及60°时,集鱼灯箱的地面照度大小随地面距离的增加而减少,并且不同倾角时的集鱼灯箱地面照度分布之间存在显著差异,照度分布衰减程度也随灯箱倾角的增加而递减;不同倾角时的照度光场波动也存在差异,30°倾角时的集鱼灯灯光照度光场波动变化大于45°和60°倾角时的照度光场波动变化,而照度等位线密集度也随着倾角角度的增加而降低;秋刀鱼集鱼灯灯箱倾角为60°时,其照度分布和光场波动较稳定,诱集区域较大。     

华北地区城市浅山区海绵绿道设计方法研究———以石家庄鹿泉区山前大道为例

华北地区年降雨量偏少,降水集中、多暴雨且年蒸发量大,导致严重的雨洪问题与水资源短缺问题。山麓迎风区多暴雨的气候特征对平原地区构成了雨洪灾害的威胁,在城市浅山区建设海绵绿道作为径流缓冲区,对于缓解雨洪灾害有着重要意义。为解决华北地区城市浅山区雨洪管理问题与水资源短缺问题,本研究通过分析华北地区的气候特征、城市浅山区的雨洪灾害情况及其特点,首先探讨了在华北地区城市浅山区建设海绵绿道的必要性。在此基础上,结合河北省石家庄市鹿泉区山前大道项目,提出了适用于华北地区浅山区的海绵绿道设计方法。该海绵绿道的设计策略综合考虑到3个维度:1)华北城市浅山区作为自然基底;2)绿道作为雨水径流缓冲带;3)低影响开发措施作为绿道设计内容之一。本研究基于雨水安全与利用两个视角综合考虑设计策略。最后,本文利用暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)量化模拟LID设施对雨水径流的控制效果,将海绵绿道与传统绿道的调蓄效能进行对比。结果显示,海绵绿道在控制径流总量、峰值流量以及推迟峰现时间方面具有更好的效能,能有效解决场地的雨水调蓄问题。      

Control of extracellular potassium levels by retinal glial cell K+ siphoning

Efflux of K+ from dissociated salamander Müller cells was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. When the distal end of an isolated cell was exposed to high concentrations of extracellular K+, efflux occurred primarily from the endfoot, a cell process previously shown to contain most of the K+ conductance of the cell membrane. Computer simulations of K+ dynamics in the retina indicate that shunting ions through the Müller cell endfoot process is more effective in clearing local increases in extracellular K+ from the retina than is diffusion through extracellular space.     

Neurotrophic effect on isolated chick embryo muscle in culture

Acetylcholinesterase activity in cultures of dissociated skeletal muscle prepared from the thigh muscle of the 10-day-old chick embryo was increased by the presence of innervating spinal cord explants, spinal cord explants in a parabiotic environment, and by media containing brain-spinal cord extract.     

Purification and reconstitution of the periodic fibril and unit structure of human amyloid

Extraction with alkaline sodium glycinate of the periodic fibril and unit structure of human amyloid and subsequent acidification of the extract provided a method for the purification as well as for the reconstitution of the periodic rod and of the unit structure. Guanidine completely solubilized and irreversibly dissociated both the rod and the unit structure of the human amyloid fibril.     

黄杨绢野螟发生特点及幼虫空间分布型研究

[目的]分析黄杨绢野螟发生特点及幼虫空间分布型,为防治提供理论依据。[方法]对保定市朝阳街两旁的绿篱带小叶黄杨进行调查,记录黄杨绢野螟幼虫的虫口密度,研究该虫的发生与周围环境的关系,并根据所调查的369个样方的虫口密度,采用概率分布型比较X2检验的方法和若干聚集度指标的方法,确定幼虫空间的分布型。[结果]3种概率分布型与X2检验比较结果表明,3种分布型均有差别,但Possion分布X2检验值与X20.05差别最大,故黄杨绢野螟幼虫极不符合Poission分布 负二型分布差别最小,比较符合负二项分布。各种聚集度指标的计算结果表明,黄杨绢野螟幼虫呈聚集分布。[结论]黄杨绢野螟幼虫空间分布型与环境有着直接的关系,同时提出了对该幼虫的防治建议。     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.