硝态氮对盐胁迫下囊果碱蓬幼苗根系生长和耐盐性的影响

在溶液培养条件下,设计了4个盐分（1,150,300或450 mmol/L NaCl）和3个氮素（0.05,5或10 mmol/L NO3--N）水平,研究了盐、氮及其互作对囊果碱蓬（Suaeda physophora Pall.）幼苗的离子吸收、氮营养状况、根系形态特征及耐盐性的影响。结果表明,与低盐或低氮相比,增加盐分或氮水平显著增加了囊果碱蓬根部的干重、根系的侧根长、表面积、总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积;且这些根系的形态指标与地上部的离子及氮的累积存在显著的正相关。高盐胁迫下增加氮营养,显著增加了地上部Na+、NO3-、有机氮的含量和硝酸还原酶的活性;降低了Cl-和K+的含量。高盐胁迫下,硝态氮的增加促进了囊果碱蓬幼苗根系的生长,增加了地上部有机氮、NO3-和Na+的累积,改善了植株的营养状况和渗透调节,从而提高了囊果碱蓬的耐盐能力。     

NaCl对真盐生植物囊果碱蓬硝态氮吸收亲和力系统的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了真盐生植物囊果碱蓬(Suaeda physophora Pall.) 在不同盐度和氮水平中预处理21 d后硝态氮的吸收动力学特征。结果表明,氮饥饿后,囊果碱蓬对NO-3吸收符合离子吸收动力学模型,其吸收动力学参数表现为NO-3预处理浓度增加后,高亲和力系统中Vmax增大,Km值增加,但增加的幅度不一致。经过低氮高盐预处理的囊果碱蓬高亲和力系统增加的幅度比经过高氮高盐预处理的囊果碱蓬高亲和力系统增加的幅度大; 对于低亲和力系统,NaCl长期胁迫对高氮预培养的囊果碱蓬的低亲和力系统吸收速率有抑制作用,而对低氮预培养的囊果碱蓬的低亲和力系统吸收速率有促进作用。结果说明,真盐生植物囊果碱蓬长期生长在低氮高盐条件下,为了适应特殊的环境条件,形成了耐盐的硝态氮吸收系统。     

模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响

为研究干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)种子萌发的影响,比较碱蓬和盐地碱蓬逆境生理特性的异同,本研究利用PEG6000、NaCl和Na_2CO_3分别模拟干旱、盐和碱胁迫,配制相同渗透势的PEG6000、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理液,以蒸馏水处理为对照,对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发与胚的生长进行比较研究。结果表明:1)低渗处理(-0.46 MPa)对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发无显著影响;高渗处理(-1.38MPa、-1.84 MPa)抑制碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发。2)当溶液渗透势相等时,NaCl处理下碱蓬种子的萌发率显著大于PEG、Na_2CO_3处理;而等渗PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响无显著差异。3)PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理组碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的最终萌发率与对照无显著差异。4)在幼苗形成阶段,PEG、Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的抑制作用显著大于等渗NaCl处理。5)碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的生长对NaCl、Na_2CO_3胁迫的响应存在差异。-0.92 MPa NaCl处理抑制碱蓬胚的生长,却对盐地碱蓬产生促进作用;-0.46 MPa Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬胚的抑制作用小于盐地碱蓬。综合分析表明:碱蓬、盐地碱蓬均具有很强的抗盐性。在种子萌发阶段,碱蓬种子的抗旱、抗碱能力低于盐地碱蓬;在幼苗形成阶段,碱蓬胚的抗盐性小于盐地碱蓬,但对轻度碱胁迫的抗性高于盐地碱蓬。     

盐胁迫环境下接种根际促生细菌对碱蓬根际土壤微环境特征的影响

为探讨不同盐胁迫生境中接种根际促生细菌(PGPR)对碱蓬根际土壤微环境特征的作用效果,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同盐胁迫(轻度、中度、重度)及其接种蜡样芽孢杆菌(PGPR)对碱蓬根际土壤中根系分泌物含量、微生物数量、微生物多样性及根系吸收面积的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,轻度盐胁迫下碱蓬根系分泌物中的有机酸总量、氨基酸总量、微生物量碳和氮含量及根系总吸收面积变化较小,微生物数量和根体积、根系活跃吸收面积显著下降,而中度、重度盐胁迫使上述指标均明显下降,且降幅随着盐胁迫梯度的增加而增大;当接种PGPR后,碱蓬根系分泌物中的有机酸总量、氨基酸总量、微生物数量和微生物量碳、氮含量以及根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积均呈上升趋势,其中轻度盐胁迫接种PGPR处理的上述指标均最高,并显著高于其他处理,且有机酸总量、细菌数、根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积分别显著高于CK 14.57%、12.80%、8.33%和28.24%。此外,轻度盐胁迫接种PGPR处理的微生物多样性指数最高,依次为对照、轻度、中度和重度盐胁迫处理,这与微生物总量的变化规律一致;而中度或重度盐胁迫接种PGPR处理的微生物多样性指数与微生物总量的变化趋势不一致。综上,轻度盐胁迫(盐分含量10.0 g/kg)下接种蜡样芽孢杆菌能显著改善碱蓬根际土壤的微环境特征,其影响效果显著优于中度或重度盐胁迫下接种蜡样芽孢杆菌。     

局部根系盐胁迫对冬小麦生长和光合特征的影响

通过分根装置设置无盐胁迫(0|0)、局部根系150 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(0|150)、全部根系75 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(75|75)、全部根系150 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(150|150)4种处理,研究根系局部盐胁迫对冬小麦生长及光合特征的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫显著抑制了小麦幼苗的生长,并且随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,小麦受抑制程度加重;根系盐胁迫方式对小麦幼苗生长影响显著,局部根系胁迫处理(0|150)小麦幼苗地上部干重比等浓度150 mmol-L-1NaCl全部盐胁迫处理(150|150)增加23.5%,比等浓度75 mmol-L-1NaCl全部盐胁迫处理(75|75)增加17.2%。在局部根系盐胁迫下,非盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-0)补偿生长,其根长、侧根数、侧根长比盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-150)分别增加195.2%、206.2%和237.8%,盐胁迫一侧根系吸收的Na+部分向非盐胁迫一侧根系运输,盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-150)的Na+含量比全部胁迫处理(150|150)减少12.1%。与全部根系盐胁迫相比,局部根系盐胁迫减少了Na+在叶片中的积累,降低了钠/钾值。局部根系盐胁迫叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)均高于同浓度完全盐胁迫处理的小麦幼苗,进而增加地上部和根系的生物量。因此,局部根系胁迫显著缓解了全部盐胁迫对小麦地上部和根系生长的抑制作用。     

油菜NO3-的吸收、分配及氮利用效率对低氮胁迫的响应

【目的】探究油菜NO3-的吸收、分配和对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮利用效率,为理解油菜在不同低氮胁迫下相关生理变化及其氮素利用效率提供科学依据。【方法】以常规油菜品种814为研究材料,采用砂培试验,在正常供氮水平（10 mmol/L）和低氮胁迫水平（3 mmol/L、1 mmol/L）下,研究油菜的根系特性、蒸腾作用对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮素吸收效率,并研究油菜NO3-的运输分配与同化对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮素利用效率。【结果】与正常供氮处理（10 mmol/L）相比,低氮胁迫处理（3 mmol/L、1 mmol/L）的油菜NO3-含量、全氮含量均显著下降,但（NO3-）叶/根、（全氮（%））叶/根显著升高,植株根系干物质重、根系吸收面积均显著下降,但根冠比显著升高。油菜植株在低氮胁迫下气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著增加,一方面促进植株对NO3-的捕获,另一方面也促使更大比例的NO3-分配在植物的地上部分,但植株的水分散失加剧,水分利用效率显著下降。低氮胁迫处理油菜根和叶中NR、GS活性与正常供氮处理之间的差异不显著或有增加,其叶绿素含量、光合速率均显著下降,但光合氮素利用率显著升高。【结论】在低氮胁迫条件下,油菜植株的氮素和干物质累积均显著下降,但NO3-在植株的地上部分分配比例的增加以及光合氮素利用率的升高促使植株的氮素利用效率显著提高。     

外源氮对NaCl胁迫下库拉索芦荟生理特性的影响

温室盆栽条件下,研究了外施不同浓度硝酸铵对200 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下库拉索芦荟叶片离子含量、质膜透性、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累的影响。结果表明,外施不同浓度NH4NO3（3.75 ~18.75 mmol/L）能够显著增加200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株干重,明显促进芦荟叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累,提高叶片K+、Ca2+含量,抑制叶片对Na+、Cl-的吸收;同时促进K+ 和Ca2+ 向相对幼嫩叶片、Na+ 和Cl-向相对成熟叶片中的积累。外施氮显著降低盐胁迫下叶片细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量。各项指标变化表明,外施11.25和15 mmol/L NH4NO3对盐胁迫下芦荟生理特性的调控作用较好;外源氮缓解芦荟盐害与氮促进盐胁迫下叶片离子选择吸收、增加有机渗透物质积累及维持植株体内养分平衡有关。     

旱盐互作对盐地碱蓬生长及其渗透调节物质的影响

采用盆栽土培的方法,研究了不同干旱条件下盐胁迫对盐地碱蓬生长及其渗透调节物质的影响.结果表明:适量NaCl可提高干旱条件下盐地碱蓬的生物量和植株含水量,缓解其干旱胁迫.盐分改变了干旱条件下盐地碱蓬的渗透调节物质,随着盐浓度的增加,叶片中Na 、Cl-的积累增加,而叶片中的K 积累减少;干旱条件下,叶片Na 、Cl-以及K 的积累增加,增强了盐地碱蓬在干旱条件下的渗透调节能力.叶片中脯氨酸的积累随着土壤含盐量和土壤干旱程度的增加而增加.     

盐地碱蓬浮床对海水养殖水体原位修复的效果

[目的]研究盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)由陆地生境转移到浮床盐水生环境后的生长情况及其对海水养殖池塘水体原位修复的效果,为利用盐生植物原位修复海水养殖池塘提供方法。[方法]测定修复期间盐水浮床和陆地两种生境下盐地碱蓬的生长及生理生化指标,并监测海水养殖池塘水体水质。[结果]试验期内浮床生境中盐地碱蓬适应良好,生物量显著增加,其中浮床生境盐地碱蓬根系活力、叶片含氮量分别显著高于同期陆地生境中的盐地碱蓬。水质检测表明,修复后浮床区水体中总氮、总磷、氨氮和化学需氧量分别为3.34,0.20,0.47,0.35mg/L,均明显低于对照区,去除效果良好。[结论]盐地碱蓬从陆地生境转移到浮床盐水生境后可以适应水生环境,并通过根系吸收部分去除水中的氮、磷等污染元素。盐地碱蓬原位修复海水养殖池塘水体具有较好的潜力。     

NaCl胁迫下3种盐生植物生长发育及离子在不同器官分布特性研究

盆栽试验研究不同浓度NaCl盐胁迫下盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、中亚滨黎(Atriplexcentralasiatica)等3种盐生植物生长发育及离子在不同器官分布特性结果表明,随土壤含盐量的升高,盐生植物出苗率明显降低,但对碱蓬和中亚滨黎株高、碱蓬花序长度等有一定促进作用,并与土壤含盐量密切相关。盐地碱蓬和碱蓬叶片内Na 含量随土壤含盐量的增高而升高,其他离子有少量下降或变化不明显,而盐地碱蓬茎中离子含量随土壤含盐量的变化不显著。植株中各离子含量为Na>K/Mg>Ca,不同器官内含盐量为叶>茎。     

盐胁迫下硝态氮对囊果碱蓬根系发育和氮吸收的影响

The effiects of NaCl salinity and NO₃^- on growth, root morphology, and nitrogen uptake of a halophyte Suaeda physophora were evaluated in a factorial experiment with four concentrations of NaCl (1, 150, 300, and 450 mmol L^-1) and three NO₃^- levels (0.05, 5, and 10 mmol L^-1) in solution culture for 30 d. Addition of NO₃^- at 10 mmol L^-1 significantly improved the shoot (P < 0.001) and root (P < 0.001) growth and the promotive effect of NO₃^- was more pronounced on root dry weight despite the high NaCl concentration in the culture solution, leading to a significant increase in the root:shoot ratio (P < 0.01). Lateral root length, but not primary root length, considerably increased with increasing NaCl salinity and NO₃^- levels (P < 0.001), implying that Na⁺ and NO₃^- in the culture solution simultaneously stimulated lateral root growth. Concentrations of Na⁺ in plant tissues were also significantly increased by higher NaCl treatments (P < 0.001). At 10 mmol L^-1 NO₃^- , the concentrations of NO₃^- and total nitrogen and nitrate reductase activities in the roots were remarkably reduced by increasing salinity (P < 0.001), but were unaffected in the shoots. The results indicated that the fine lateral root development and effective nitrogen uptake of the shoots might contribute to high salt tolerance of S. physophora under adequate NO₃^- supply.     

盐生植物海蓬子对不同形式的氮源的响应

Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen (N) deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels (1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L^-1), supplied in the form of NO₃^- or ammonium (NH₄⁺), under high NaCl conditions (200 mmol L^-1). NH₄⁺-fed plants showed better growth than NO₃^--fed plants at 1-3 mmol L^-1 N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L^-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO₃^--fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO₃^- absorption by Cl^- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO₃^--fed plants was regulated by N absorption. Inc ontrast, N contents of shoots in NH₄⁺-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH₄⁺-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH₄⁺-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.     

府河-白洋淀硝酸盐来源判定及迁移转化规律

近年来白洋淀流域内经济高速发展、人口增加,生活污水排放量增大,严重威胁府河和白洋淀水质,其中硝酸盐浓度过高引发的水体富营养化是河流系统面临的重要难题。以白洋淀和唯一一条常年有水的入淀河流——府河为研究对象,结合水化学、水中氢氧同位素(δ~2H、δ~(18)O)和硝酸盐氮同位素(δ~(15)N)的方法 ,分析2008—2016年水化学特征和水化学类型变化,明确府河-白洋淀淀区硝酸盐污染来源以及沿程迁移转化规律,为其水质富营养化管理提供参考。研究结果表明:府河2008年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值10‰,2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是2.07‰~18.49‰,府河硝酸盐主要来自于保定市和沿府河村落的生活污水;但2009年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.7‰~4‰,府河硝酸盐主要来源于工业废水。白洋淀淀区2008年和2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围分别是5.8‰~11.7‰和3.31‰~12.53‰,2009年δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.8‰~0.7‰,说明府河的生活污水和工业废水是白洋淀淀区硝酸盐的主要来源。2008—2014年Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)浓度比例逐渐减小,工业废水和生活污水的排入受到控制;2009年因工业废水的排放NO3-浓度超过50 mg·L~(-1),2014年和2016年NO_3~-浓度未超标;控制硝酸盐浓度变化的主要因素是降水稀释、外源输入及反硝化脱氮作用,当溶解氧(DO)小于2 mg·L~(-1)时,硝酸盐的减少主要受反硝化作用影响。     

Adsorption of Chloride, Nitrate and Perchlorate by Variable Charge Soils

Two cells consisting of a chloride-selective electrode and a nitrate-selective electrode or of a chloride-selective electrode and a perchlorate-selective electrode were directly put in the soil suspension to determine the concentration ratios Cl-/ NO3- or Cl-/ ClO4- for studying the adsorption of the three anions by variable charge soils. It was found that all the concentration ratios CCl- / CNO3- and CCl- / CClO4- in suspension were smaller than unity when soil samples were in equilibrium with mixed KCl and KNO3 or KCl and KClO4 solutions of equal concentration. The order of the amount of chloride, nitrate and perchlorate adsorbed by variable charge soils was Cl-> NO3-> ClO4- when the soils adsorbed these anions from the solution containing equal concentrations of Cl-, NO3- and ClO4-. Such factors as the pH of the suspension, the iron oxide content of the soil etc. could affect the amounts and the ratios of anions adsorbed.     

改性生物炭的吸附作用及其对土壤硝态氮和有效磷淋失的影响

在实验室通过生物炭与FeCl3的不同配比确定了生物炭的最佳改性条件,并利用土柱模拟试验,研究改性生物炭对土壤硝态氮和有效磷淋失的影响。结果表明,Fe3+与生物炭质量比为0.7是最佳改性条件,改性作用大大增强了生物炭吸附硝态氮和有效磷的能力。在含N量为50mg.L-1的KNO3和含P量为50mg.L-1的KH2PO4溶液中,最佳改性炭的吸附量分别比改性前提高了12倍和66倍,氮和磷的理论最大吸附量分别为2.47mg.g-1和16.58mg.g-1。土壤中添加最佳改性炭能够延缓并减少硝态氮和有效磷的淋失,添加量为2.5%、5%和10%与不添加任何物质的对照相比,硝态氮的淋失量分别显著降低20%、43%和59%(P<0.05),有效磷的淋失量分别显著降低45%、59%和75%(P<0.05),表明土壤中添加改性生物炭能够有效降低土壤硝态氮和有效磷的淋失风险。     

恒电荷土壤及可变电荷土壤与离子间相互作用的研究 I.共存离子对NO_3~-吸附的影响

研究了我国典型３种可变电荷土壤和４种恒电荷土壤在陪伴阳离子分别为Ｋ十、Ｎａ十、Ｃａ２＋时和１ｍｍｏｌＬ－１ＫＣ１、Ｋ２ＳＯ４支持电解质中ＮＯ３－的吸附。结果表明，ＮＯ３－吸附量随ｐＨ的增加而减小。在添加相同浓度ＮＯ３－时，３种可变电荷土壤对ＮＯ３－的吸附量顺序为Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２＞ ＫＮＯ３＞ＮａＮＯ３＞ＫＮＯ３十ＫＣＩ＞ＫＮＯ３＋Ｋ２ＳＯ４；在初始ＮＯ３－浓度０．５－５ｍｍｏｌＬ－１的范围内，吸附量随浓度变化的关系符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附式．由此求出与ＮＯ３－吸附结合能有关的常数（Ｋ）在不同共存离子存在下数值较小且差异不大，因此认为不同陪伴阳离子和不同伴随阴离子对ＮＯ３－吸附的电性机理影响不大，只是改变了土壤表面的正电荷数量从而使吸附量发生变化。４种恒电荷土壤对ＮＯ３－的吸附量通常很小，其中在Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２介质中较在其他介质中稍大，最大吸附量仅为１．５～ｍｍｏｌ ｋｇ－１左右，约为可变电荷土壤的１／１０，且在浓度较低时常观察到负吸附。     

Nitrogen nutritional status of young maize plants (Zea mays) is not limited by NaCl stress

Maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3906) were grown in hydroponics with four different NaCl treatments (control, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). Nitrogen (N) was supplied as 2 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ in the fully concentrated nutrient solution. Plants of half of the pots were treated with additional 1 mM NH₄NO₃ 2 d after start of the NaCl application. After 23 d, the maize plants were harvested and contents and concentrations of nitrate, reduced N as well as chloride were determined in shoots and roots. With increasing NaCl stress net nitrate uptake and net root‐to‐shoot translocation of total N decreased significantly. Under salt stress, decreased nitrate concentrations in shoots probably caused substrate limitation of nitrate reductase. However, the concentrations of reduced N in shoots were not affected by salt stress and no N deficiency was observed. Additional N application to the 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatments did not improve plant growth. A Cl^?/NO antagonism was only weakly pronounced, probably because of the Cl^? exclusion ability of maize. Thus, although net uptake and net translocation of total N were markedly decreased by NaCl application, the smaller maize plants nevertheless took up enough N to meet their demand pointing to other growth‐limiting factors than N nutrition.     

丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae 提高超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性和真盐生植物盐地碱蓬耐盐性

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-mediated plant physiological activities could contribute to plant salt tolerance. However, the biochemical mechanism by which AM fungi enhance salt tolerance of halophytic plants is unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to determine whether salt tolerance of the C 3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was enhanced by the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. When 60-day-old S. salsa seedlings were subjected to 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress for 35 days, plant height, number of leaves and branches, shoot and root biomass, and root length of G. mosseae-colonized seedlings were significantly greater than those of the nonmycorrizal seedlings. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at all sampling times (weekly for 35 days after salt stress was initiated) and leaf catalase (CAT) activity at 2 and 3 weeks after salt stress was initiated were also significantly enhanced in G. mosseae-colonized S. salsa seedlings, while the content of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane lipid peroxidation, was significantly reduced, indicating an alleviation of oxidative damage. The corresponding leaf isoenzymes of SOD (Fe-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Cu/Zn-SOD2) and CAT (CAT1 and CAT2) were also significantly increased in the mycorrhizal seedlings after 14 days of 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Our results suggested that G. mosseae increased salt tolerance by increasing SOD and CAT activities and forming SOD and CAT isoforms in S. salsa seedlings.     

低氮胁迫下拟南芥低氮耐性突变体lnt1的氮代谢特征

A growth experiment on agar medium and a hydroponics experiment were carried out to study the nitrogen (N) metabolism of a low-N tolerant mutant (lnt1) of Arabidopsis thaliana under different N levels as compared with the wildtype (WT) Arabidopsis. On the agar medium, no apparent growth differences were observed between the lnt1 and WT plants under a normal N level of 9 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-. However, under a low N level of 0. 18 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-, the growth of the WT plants was greatly retarded, while the lnt1 plants were not affected by low-N stress and showed similar growth with those grown under a normal N level. In the hydroponics experiment, the lnt1 mutant had higher activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) in both leaves and roots under N-deficient conditions. Moreover, they accumulated less ammonium (NH₄⁺) but more free amino acids in leaves compared with the WT plants. These observations suggest that better N assimilation might contribute to the low-N tolerant phenotype of the lnt1 mutant.     

伊朗西部地区碱性土壤中共离子对Zn吸附的影响

Zinc(Zn) is essential to plant growth and relatively mobile in soils.This study was conducted to assess the effect of common ions(Ca 2+,K +,Na +,NH + 4,Cl,NO 3,and H 2 PO 4) on sorption of Zn in surface samples of ten calcareous soils from western Iran using 10 mmol L 1 KCl,KNO 3,KH 2 PO 4,Ca(NO 3) 2,NaNO 3,and NH 4 NO 3 solutions as background electrolytes.The results indicated that both NH + 4,K +,and Ca 2+ equally decreased Zn sorption as compared to Na +.Zinc sorption was decreased by H 2 PO 4 as compared to NO 3 and Cl.The Langmuir and Freundlich equations fitted closely to the sorption data of all ions.The Langmuir maximum,bonding energy constant,and Freundlich distribution coefficient for Zn sorption differed among the various ionic background electrolytes.Langmuir sorption parameters showed that the presence of H 2 PO 4 decreased the maximum Zn adsorbed,but increased the bonding energy.Although K + and NH + 4 equally influenced maximum Zn adsorbed,they differed in their effect on the distribution coefficient of Zn in soils.Values of saturation index calculated using Visual MINTEQ indicated that at the low Zn concentration,Zn solubility was controlled by sorption reactions and at the high Zn concentration,it was mainly controlled by sorption and mineral precipitation reactions,such as precipitation of Zn 3(PO 4) 2.4H 2 O,Zn 5(OH) 6(CO 3) 2,and ZnCO 3.For most ionic background electrolytes,soil pH,CaCO 3,and cation exchange capacity(CEC) were significantly correlated with sorption parameters.