宁东矿区天然植物群落特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系

[目的] 研究宁东矿区天然植物群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系,为宁东矿区植被重建过程中植物种的选择提供科学依据。[方法] 以宁东矿区6种典型的天然植物群落和土壤为研究对象,采用野外调查结合室内试验的方法,对比分析不同群落的植物群落特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。[结果] 宁东矿区6种天然植物群落共调查到植物55种,隶属于15科48属,集中分布于菊科、豆科、藜科和禾本科4科。细枝岩黄耆（Hedysarum scoparium）+柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）—白莲蒿（Artemisia sacrorum）群落灌木层植被盖度和高度在6个群落中均最高,其数值分别为48%和202.54 cm,灌木物种柠条锦鸡儿在其中5个群落中均有分布且生长良好。灌木层Patrick丰富度指数与土壤碱解氮、砾石含量、速效钾和有机质呈正相关,与pH值呈负相关;草本层植物种Patrick丰富度指数与土壤有机质、田间持水量和速效磷呈正相关关系。[结论] 宁东矿区煤矸石山植被重建时,对于覆土土质为壤质砂土或砂质壤土,优先选择柠条锦鸡儿、细枝岩黄耆、黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）和沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）等灌木树种;覆土土质为少砾质砂土时选沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）和柠条锦鸡儿;覆土土质为多砾质砂土时可选藏锦鸡儿（Caragana tibetica）、裸果木（Gymnocarpos przewalskii）和胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）等灌木物种。土壤容重对灌木物种多样性贡献率较大,土壤田间持水量和有机质对草本植物多样性贡献率较大。     

基于高通量测序的两种植被恢复类型根际土壤细菌多样性研究

为研究库布齐沙地生态恢复过程中不同植被恢复类型土壤微生物细菌群落结构、多样性的变化特征,以流动沙地为对照,运用高通量测序技术,对自然恢复的油蒿群落、人工种植的中间锦鸡儿群落根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性进行了研究,并分析了土壤理化性质对其分布的影响。结果表明:(1)与流沙对照相比,两种植被恢复类型对细菌多样性产生了正效应,细菌群落丰度、多样性和均匀度明显增加。其中,自然恢复的油蒿群落土壤细菌丰度高于人工种植的中间锦鸡儿群落;(2)变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门为研究区土壤中的优势细菌类群,其中变形菌门在各样地丰度比例最高,变形菌的4个亚群变化趋势一致,α-变形菌相对含量在油蒿和中间锦鸡儿群落根际土壤中明显增加,尤其是自然恢复的油蒿群落根际土壤中α-变形菌得到了很好的恢复;(3)土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾含量和土壤含水量是影响土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性的主要土壤因子,典型相关分析表明土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾、速效氮含量对于研究区土壤细菌群落遗传多样性的变化起着重要作用。     

毛乌素沙地几种灌木生长季土壤水分动态特征

土壤水分是影响沙漠植物生长的主要因素之一,该文以毛乌素沙地3种灌木为研究对象,分析了其生长季土壤水分变化特点,并采用Brownl-Forsythe检验方法比较几种灌木覆盖下土壤表层(0-20 cm)水分含量与裸沙地的差异.结果表明:土壤水分的变化受到根系深度和降雨特征的影响较大.不同灌木地下30-50 cm处土壤水分含量波动明显,是由于根系吸水导致.2004年灌木地土壤含水量在8月最大,而2005年为7月底最大,是由于降雨特征不同导致.油蒿与裸沙地土壤表层含水量差异显著(sig=0.04<0.05),而沙地柏、杨柴与裸沙地土壤表层含水量差异不显著(Sig值分别为0.239和O.308,均大于0.05),即油蒿对保持沙地土壤表层水分含量效果显著.     

不同根系构型草本与灌木复合对土壤饱和导水率的影响因素分析及模拟

[目的] 探究不同根系构型草本与灌木复合时的根土性质的差异对土壤饱和导水率的影响,并综合考虑根系和土壤性质建立估算土壤饱和导水率的经验方程,为黄土高原植被恢复后的水文模型建立提供理论参考。[方法] 选取不同根系构型草本与灌木的混合样地,分别为柠条锦鸡儿加冰草(须根系)和柠条锦鸡儿加铁杆蒿(直根系)。采用双环刀法测定不同样地土壤饱和导水率。[结果] 样地类型和土层深度对土壤饱和导水率的影响达到显著水平,两者对土壤饱和导水率影响的因子贡献率分别为26%和52%。直根系铁杆蒿与柠条锦鸡儿混合样地的土壤饱和导水率高于须根系冰草与柠条锦鸡儿混合样地,并且不同样地的土壤饱和导水率随土层深度的增加均表现出降低的趋势。根长密度、团聚体以及土壤容重能够较好地模拟土壤饱和导水率,其拟合精度R²可以达到0.86。[结论] 直根系草本与灌木复合时较须根系草本与灌木复合相比具有更高的饱和导水率。在不同样地中,根长密度、团聚体以及土壤容重是影响饱和导水率的主要因素。     

鄱阳湖不同湿地植物群落光合碳储量及分配

稳定性碳同位素自然丰度(¹³C)表征生态系统碳循环关键过程,为了追踪陆地生态系统碳的动态及其分配,通过采用¹³C脉冲标记对不同植物光合碳分配及其向地下输入特征进行研究,探讨鄱阳湖不同湿地植物群落(藜蒿群落、水蓼群落、苔草群落和芦苇群落)连续4年(2015—2018年)光合碳储量及分配及其相关影响因素。结果表明:(1)2015—2018年土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量平均值均呈一致的变化规律,其中以表层土壤最高,随土层深度的增加逐渐降低,20—40 cm以下土壤有机碳含量变化范围相对较小; 60—80 cm土壤有机碳含量最低; 土壤¹³C含量随土层深度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,其中不同土层大致表现为藜蒿群落>水蓼群落>苔草群落>芦苇群落。(2)2015—2018年不同湿地植物群落土壤养分含量、地上和地下生物量平均值呈一致的变化趋势,均表现为藜蒿群落<水蓼群落<苔草群落<芦苇群落,不同植物群落差异均显著(p<0.05); 而全磷含量呈相反的变化趋势,不同植物群落差异均显著(p>0.05)。(3)脉冲标记当天不同植物¹³C值均表现为叶>茎>根>土壤,具体表现为藜蒿群落>水蓼群落>苔草群落>芦苇群落,这表明不同植物根部对光合固定新碳的富集程度较大。标记当天,不同植物地上¹³C固定百分比例较高,说明标记的效率较高且分配差异较大; 脉冲标记21 d后,¹³C值下降,固定的光合碳转移到土壤中的含量显著增加。(4)标记后植物-土壤系统各组分固定¹³C量占净光合¹³C总量分配比例呈现茎>叶>根>土壤的趋势,光合碳在不同植物各部分以及土体中都有所增加,主要集中在地上部分。(5)相关性分析结果表明,地上生物量与茎叶¹³C含量显著正相关(p<0.05),地下生物量与根和土壤¹³C含量显著正相关(p<0.05); 由此说明地上和地下生物量对光合碳的分配起着主导作用,有利于对地下碳平衡过程和固碳减排的理解。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植物群落的土壤养分及其化学计量特征

[目的]对黄土丘陵沟壑区不同群落土壤养分及化学计量进行研究,为该区的植被恢复提供一定的理论依据。[方法]测定土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷含量,计算C∶N,C∶P,N∶P,进行差异显著性检验。[结果]研究区土壤有机碳和全氮含量属于6级,全磷含量属于4级,均为养分含量较低的级别;0—10cm土层土壤养分含量大于10—20cm土层;不同群落之间P含量差异不显著,柠条群落的C,N含量最高,铁杆蒿群落的C,N含量最低;柠条群落C∶N与其他群落(铁杆蒿群落除外)差异不显著,C∶N保持相对稳定;铁杆蒿群落和刺槐群落的C∶P较低,土壤P的有效性较高。[结论]不同群落的生物量和盖度等特征不同,导致土壤养分有所差异;不同群落对土壤C,N,P的补充和吸收利用能力不同,导致化学计量特征有所不同。     

寒旱环境植物护坡力学效应与根系化学成分响应

该项研究以试验区两种生长期为6a的灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿、霸王为例,分析了根系中所含半纤维素、木质素、纤维素和果胶质4种主要化学成分及其含量,并探讨了根系力学强度与其化学成分及其含量变化之间的关系。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿根系平均抗拉强度为28.36～34.75MPa,霸王为4.53～6.61MPa,即柠条锦鸡儿根系平均抗拉强度显著大于霸王,且这两种灌木根系所含的4种化学成分由多至少依次为半纤维素、木质素、纤维素、果胶质,其中柠条锦鸡儿根系半纤维素含量为17.8%～29.03%,木质素为3.41%～5.36%,纤维素为2.3%～2.79%,果胶质为1.45%～2.15%;霸王根系半纤维素含量为15.6%～23.04%,木质素为3.69%～4.89%,纤维素为2.1%～3.06%,果胶质为1.92%～2.37%。两种灌木根系纤维素含量与根径、根系抗拉强度之间均表现出一定相关性;霸王根系半纤维素含量与其根系根径、抗拉强度之间呈相关性;柠条锦鸡儿根系果胶质含量与其根径、根系抗拉强度间均呈相关关系。本项研究可为进一步分析植物根系力学强度及其效应与根系组成特性之间的变化关系提供理论依据。     

不同草灌复合样地对土壤分离能力的影响

【目的】明确不同草灌复合样地对土壤分离速率的影响机制。【方法】试验选取研究区域内分布较广的草灌复合样地：柠条锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿+冰草、柠条锦鸡儿+铁杆蒿,探究不同草灌样地在固定流量和坡度下的土壤分离速率及其影响因素的分布特征。【结果】样地类型、采样距离以及土壤深度三个主效应均对土壤分离速率有显著影响(P<0.05)。不同样地在灌木基部的土壤分离速率均值均高于距灌木基部50 cm处的土壤分离速率。基于随机森林算法的重要性分析表明,在影响土壤分离能力的根系和土壤指标中,相对重要性最高的分别是根长密度和大于0.25mm团聚体。根长密度(RLD)、团聚体(Ag)与土壤分离能力(Dc)之间的函数关系可用Dc=(RLD×Ag^a)^1/b表示,在不同样地该函数的R²均在0.72以上。整体来说,在不同样地土壤分离率最低的为柠条锦鸡儿+铁杆蒿样地。【结论】根长密度和大于0.25 mm团聚体是影响影响土壤分离的主要因素。研究结果对于揭示不同样地根系及土壤性质影响土壤分离机制研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

黄土丘陵区典型植被类型草本层生态学特性与环境解释

在野外调查的基础上研究黄土丘陵区4种典型植被类型（达乌里胡枝子群落、白羊草群落、人工刺槐林、人工柠条林）草本层生态学特性,通过室内土壤养分和水分含量测定分析群落间环境因子的差异,并对群生态学指标和环境因子进行相关分析。研究结果表明:（1）豆科、禾本科、菊科植物重要值在4种群落中均很高,群落间各科物种重要值差异显著。（2）群落物种多样性表现为:人工刺槐林 > 人工柠条林 > 达乌里胡枝子群落 > 白羊草群落;群落盖度表现为人工刺槐林 > 白羊草群落 > 达乌里胡枝子群落 > 人工柠条林;草本群落地上生物量表现为:白羊草群落 > 人工刺槐林 > 达乌里胡枝子群落 > 人工柠条林。（3）土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量表现为:工刺槐林 > 白羊草群落 > 达乌里胡枝子群落 > 人工刺槐林,达乌里胡枝子群落和白羊草群落土壤全磷、速效磷含量较高。（4）土壤水分含量表现为:白羊草群落（8.43%） > 达乌里胡枝子群落（7.60%） > 人工柠条林（6.43%） > 人工刺槐林（5.85%）。（5）群落盖度、草本群落地上生物量与土壤养分指标正相关,物种多样性与土壤养分的关系相对复杂;群落盖度及物种多样性均与土壤水分含量负相关,草本群落地上生物量与土壤水分含量相关性不显著。     

宁夏风沙区不同人工固沙灌丛林土壤质量评价

在宁夏盐池风沙区选取油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)4种草方格人工固沙灌丛林地为研究样地,以周围流动沙地为对照,研究了4种固沙模式下土壤理化性质变化特征,采用土壤质量综合指数探讨了不同人工灌丛固沙措施对土壤质量的影响。结果表明:(1)与流动沙地相比,土壤粗砂含量表现为油蒿林地显著提高,花棒、柠条和沙拐枣林地无显著变化。土壤细砂含量表现为沙拐枣林地显著提高,而油蒿、柠条和花棒林地无显著变化。土壤极细砂含量表现为沙拐枣林地显著降低,而油蒿、柠条和花棒林地无显著变化。土壤黏粉粒含量表现为油蒿林地显著增大,而花棒和沙拐枣林地显著减小,柠条林地则无显著变化。(2)从流动沙地到固沙林地,土壤容重表现为沙拐枣林地显著增大,而油蒿林地显著减小,花棒和柠条林地则无显著变化。土壤pH表现为沙拐枣林地显著增大,而油蒿、花棒和柠条林地无显著变化。土壤含水量、电导率、有机碳、全氮和碳氮比均表现为油蒿林地显著提高,而花棒、沙拐枣和柠条林地间以上5项指标均无显著变化。(3)土壤质量综合指数表现为油蒿林地(3.15)流动沙地(-0.03)柠条林地(-0.56)花棒林地(-1.05)沙拐枣林地(-1.54)。研究表明,流动沙地扎设草方格营造油蒿林能在短期内提高风沙土壤综合质量,而其他造林方式固沙效果有限。     

陇陕片预警减灾工作的成效与做法

自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。     

贵州草海耕地土壤与农作物中DDTs和HCHs残留及污染特征

采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明：研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100％,残留范围分别为0．06～16．66μg·kg^-1和0．08-39．77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和（DDTs,HCHs）最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1．1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。     

Changes in yield and gas exchange parameters in Festulolium and alfalfa grown in pure sowing and in mixture under drought stress

Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO₂ and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study.     

Cadmium Effects in Sunflower: Membrane Permeability and Changes in Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Leaves and Calluses

Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time.     

肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入与农业单产水平变化

当前,肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言,因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍,且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化,以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系,为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明,在20世纪60年代,肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍,且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前,肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%,但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比,中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入,大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年,中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明,种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性;农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大,如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比,畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说,农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响,这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。     

Fungal abundance and diversity in earthworm casts and in uningested soil

Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g^-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut.     

云南省开展水土保持的做法与成效

云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。     

1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin in Barbarea and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin in Arabidopsis and Brassica

A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P.     

Aorta and liver changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing and raw vegetable-supplemented diets: experiments in vitro and in vivo

The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats.