食品安全风险的交流框架和影响因素研究

为发挥风险交流在食品安全风险管理中的作用,减少食品安全风险发生的可能性,基于系统学理论提出了以政府为主导的政府、食品企业、公众、科研机构和媒体五位一体化的双向交流框架。通过问卷调查方法获得了基于该交流框架的食品安全风险的直接影响因素和交流影响因素,在95%可信度下,所求得的直接影响因素均值的相对误差小于5.59%,交流影响因素均值的相对误差小于6.82%。     

Ethical issues in medicine

The risk figures for a severe nuclear accident assuming 1000 reactors in operation given in the News and Comment briefing "Using experience to calculate nuclear risk" (23 July, p. 338) did not accurately reflect the probabilities cited in the NRC report. An accurate rendition is as follows: With 74 reactors in operation (the present number) and if the lower risk rate (0.0017 per year) is used, a severe accident could be expected on the average of once every 8 years.     

消费者食品安全风险交流质量评价模型的构建研究

食品安全风险交流质量评价对食品安全风险交流实践具有重要意义。然而目前评价工具所应包含的维度尚不清楚,且缺少有效的评价模型。遵循规范的量表开发方法,开发基于消费者的食品安全风险交流质量评价量表(CFRCQ),并运用该量表评价当下食品安全风险交流的质量现状。量表开发过程共包含三个阶段:阶段1运用文献研究法、焦点小组访谈和专家咨询法以获得初始量表;阶段2调查学生样本,通过信度检验和探索性因子分析对初始量表进行提纯和初步的可靠性检验;阶段3调查普通消费者样本,运用验证性因子分析、专家咨询等方法对量表进一步提纯,并检验了量表的建构效度及推广效度。最终量表共包含及时性、易理解性、专业性、诚实性、响应性等5个维度。基于该量表对当下食品安全风险交流质量现状进行评价,结果表明:当下食品安全风险交流质量尚处于较低水平,尤其表现在易理解性和诚实性方面的欠缺;消费者个体特征会影响其对各质量维度的评价。     

化解食品安全风险的市场机制研究

食品是人类赖以生存与发展的物质基础．其质量好坏不仅关系到城乡居民的健康与安全．而且关系到农业可持续发展和食品行业的国际竞争力。近年来我国食品安全事件频发．暴露了我国食品安全所面临的严峻形势和食品监管存在的问题。《中华人民共和国食品安全法》的出台和国家食品安全委员会的成立．为我国政府保障食品安全提供了法律与组织基础。但从现实需要来看．很难完全解决我国的食品安全问题。例如,从法规制定的角度来看,     

Consumer perceptions of food safety risk: Evidence from a segmentation study in Albania

Albania is facing serious problems with the national food safety control system in terms of legislation, control and enforcement. The objective of this paper is to analyse consumer perceptions about safety of small ruminant meat in Tirana, in a context of weak enforcement of the food safety system. Applying two-step clustering analyses, consumers were classified in four socio-demographic clusters, and it was found that the cluster composed of female consumers with lower education and income levels, and the two clusters composed of male consumers perceive consumed meat as safe. Consumers in the cluster composed of females with university education and higher income are, on average, more concerned with current meat safety measures and tend to place more trust in the veterinarian stamp on meat carcasses rather than in local butchers.     

食品安全风险治理中的公众参与意愿：影响机制与提升策略

为提升公众食品安全风险治理参与意愿,基于扩展的计划行为理论和态度-情境-行为理论构建分析框架,借助微观调查数据,采用结构方程模型、Bootstrap中介效应检验法和分层回归法对公众食品安全治理参与意愿的影响机制进行实证研究。结果表明：1）行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、感知风险和过去经历对公众食品安全治理参与意愿有显著正向影响;2）行为态度在感知风险、过去经历与参与意愿关系中发挥中介作用;3）政策规制在行为态度与参与意愿关系中发挥调节作用。因此,应从提高公众食品安全风险认知、优化公众食品安全治理参与体验、改善公众食品安全治理参与态度、营造促进公众参与的政策环境等方面提升公众食品安全风险治理参与意愿,推进食品安全风险社会共治。     

风险分析在食品质量安全管理及标准制定中的应用

风险分析在世界贸易组织的工作中起着至关重要的作用,它是制定食品安全标准和解决国际食品贸易争端的依据.风险分析将成为制定食品安全政策,解决一切食品安全事件的宏观管理模式.通过对风险分析的方法、技术体系以及在世界各国食品安全管理中的应用研究,认识到了风险分析在中国食品安全管理和标准制定中的重要性.在分析中国食品安全管理和标准制定中应用风险分析情况的基础上,提出了建立中国食品质量安全风险分析制度的建议.     

Emerging frontier technologies for food safety analysis and risk assessment

Access to security and safe food is a basic human necessity and essential for a sustainable world. To perform hi-end food safety analysis and risk assessment with state of the art technologies is of utmost importance thereof. With applications as exemplified by microfluidic immunoassay,aptasensor,direct analysis in real time,high resolution mass spectrometry,benchmark dose and chemical specific adjustment factor,this review presents frontier food safety analysis and risk assessment technologies,from which both food quality and public health will benefit undoubtedly in a foreseeable future.     

Ethical issues in research with human subjects

It is obvious that many disciplines confront ethical problems in research in which situational details may vary, but in which the same ethical principles may prevail. I write not in order to propose a definitive set of rules but to demonstrate how situations posing ethical problems can be reduced and more readily resolved by rational analysis of underlying issues and principles; I hope to stimulate further analysis and dialogue. It might be particularly helpful if researchers in a wide range of disciplines contributed experiences permitting a sharpening of guidelines. Finally, it is conceivable that a code of ethics might eventually be promulgated by a supradisciplinary body such as the AAAS, and that such a code could then be adapted and adopted by other scientific bodies and professional organizations-even by specific agencies such as research institutes, clinics, institutions, and schools.     

动物食品质量安全风险因素分析及其防控对策

针对影响动物食品质量安全的众多因素及风险防控不力现状,剖析了影响动物食品安全的风险因素,指出动物及动物源性食品安全体系存在问题,进行食品安全防控模式与管理方式探讨。提出以风险评估为基础的"预防胜于治疗"的管理理念;提出只有加强动物卫生风险管理,采用严格的生物安全隔离措施,才能有效地提高重大动物疫病防控能力和动物产品安全监管的科学化水平。并借鉴发达国家经验,建议改变中国食品安全多家监管为统一监管的体制,建立适合国情的食品安全风险防控体制,最大限度降低区域食品安全风险。     

Ethical and value issues in international agricultural research

Agricultural research raises fundamental ethical and value questions going beyond those in other fields both because of its public funding and because its results have significant impacts on habitats and other species. Questions about the sustainability of modern agriculture, which are shared with other sectors, require us to examine alternative visions and structures. These can be seen to range from status quo preserving ideologies to change-oriented utopias. It is argued that at the national level current ideologies—which include positivistic approaches and belief in the neutrality of technology—mask real structural and policy choices as well as their ethical and value implications. At the international level, the export of fossil-fuel based modes of agriculture to the developing countries raises additional structural, policy, value, and ethical issues.     

食品添加剂对食品安全的影响

该文阐述了食品添加剂与食品安全的概念,介绍了食品添加剂对食品安全的影响,探讨了如何提高食品安全及降低食品添加剂对人体健康的影响.     

食品安全移动实验室规范化探讨——以食品安全监测车为例

简要介绍了食品安全移动实验室现状与发展趋势,并以目前我国广泛使用的食品安全监测车为例,进行仪器设备更新配置和运行管理规范化探讨,使其提升为具有法定检测资质的移动实验室,进一步通过实验室认可,实现第三方公正检测能力.     

Bovine growth hormone: human food safety evaluation

Scientists in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after reviewing the scientific literature and evaluating studies conducted by pharmaceutical companies, have concluded that the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) in dairy cattle presents no increased health risk to consumers. Bovine GH is not biologically active in humans, and oral toxicity studies have demonstrated that rbGH is not orally active in rats, a species responsive to parenterally administered bGH. Recombinant bGH treatment produces an increase in the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cow's milk. However, oral toxicity studies have shown that bovine IGF-I lacks oral activity in rats. Additionally, the concentration of IGF-I in milk of rbGH-treated cows is within the normal physiological range found in human breast milk, and IGF-I is denatured under conditions used to process cow's milk for infant formula. On the basis of estimates of the amount of protein absorbed intact in humans and the concentration of IGF-I in cow's milk during rbGH treatment, biologically significant levels of intact IGF-I would not be absorbed.     

关于食品安全问题的若干思考

阐述食品安全的涵义,对当前我国食品安全存在的严峻形势和突出问题进行剖析,提出解决食品安全问题可以从抓好产地环境治理、生产流通环节规范、法律法规完善、安全标准及技术制定、加强监管和市场准入制度建设、新技术和信息化研发,以及科普宣传教育等方面入手的对策与建议。     

我国食品安全法律体系的缺陷与完善

"苏丹红"事件引发出一场全球性的食品安全恐慌.近年来我国食品安全事件频频发生,食品安全质量状况不容乐观,我国加入世贸组织后,贸易伙伴的绿色壁垒对我国出口产品的影响也日益显见.