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Franois Serres DVM Valrie Chetboul DVM PhD Renaud Tissier DVM PhD Vassiliki Gouni DVM Aude Desmyter DVM Carolina Carlos Sampedrano DVM MS Jean-Louis Pouchelon DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):23-29
Objective
To determine if the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) could be assessed in healthy awake dogs using Doppler echocardiography.Background
Qp/Qs could provide reliable information in assessing the severity of intracardiac shunts (ICS) by quantifying pulmonary overcirculation. Qp/Qs has been validated against electromagnetic flowmeter methods in experimental canine models. However, its clinical applicability in awake dogs has never been assessed.Animals, materials and methods
Six healthy dogs were used to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the technique (Study 1); Qp/Qs was then prospectively assessed in 50 healthy dogs (Study 2). In both studies Qp/Qs was calculated in awake animals using a standardized Doppler echocardiographic method.Results
Within- and between-day coefficients of variation for Qp/Qs were <10% (Study 1). For Study 2, a relatively wide range of Qp/Qs was found (reference range = 0.71-1.29; mean ± SD = 1.00 ± 0.15).Conclusions
Qp/Qs can be assessed with good repeatability and reproducibility in healthy dogs. However, the wide range of Qp/Qs obtained in the healthy population may suggest a limited usefulness of this variable for accurately assessing ICS severity in diseased animals. This needs to be assessed in further prospective and longitudinal studies including a large number of animals with ICS of various grades. 相似文献3.
Marco L. Margiocco DMV MS Jamie Warren DVM Michele Borgarelli DMV PhD Butch Kukanich DVM PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):31-39
Objectives
Congenital and acquired cardiac disorders are frequently diagnosed in small breed dogs and cats. In order to appropriately dose cardiovascular drugs for small patients, fractions of commercially available tablets must be prescribed. The aims of this study were to evaluate weight and content uniformity and 30-day chemical stability in halves and quarters of 11 drug formulations commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disorders in small breed dogs and cats.Animals, materials and methods
Fifteen tablets from 11 drug formulations were obtained within the same lot. Tablets were split by a single operator using a commercially available pill splitter. Whole tablets, halves and quarters were weighed and stored in plastic containers. High-pressure liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry were utilized to determine drug content and repeated 30 days later to estimate chemical stability.Results
Statistically significant weight variability, content non-uniformity and chemical degradation were found for some formulations. Digoxin showed a significant degradation that should be considered in clinical practice.Conclusions
It appears that pill splitting is overall a relatively reliable practice; however tablets should not be split ahead of time but only immediately prior to intended usage. 相似文献4.
François Serres Jean-Louis Pouchelon Laure Poujol Hervé P. Lefebvre Cathy Trumel Thomas Daste Carolina Carlos Sampedrano Vassiliki Gouni Renaud Tissier Gerhard Hawa Valérie Chetboul 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(2):103-121
Objectives
Although mitral valve disease (MVD) is the most common canine heart disease, readily available prognostic markers of the disease are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative ability of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentration (NT-proBNP) and various echocardiographic variables to predict outcome in dogs with MVD.Animals, materials and methods
Seventy-four dogs with ISACHC classes 2 and 3 MVD (Groups A and B, respectively) were prospectively recruited. NT-proBNP and several echo-Doppler variables at inclusion were compared as predictors of outcome at 6 months in 54/74 dogs.Results
NT-proBNP was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.0001), and was the only tested variable significantly different between survivor and non-survivor dogs in both groups (P < 0.05). In the whole canine population, a threshold of 1500 pmol/L could discriminate survivor from non-survivor dogs with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 73%, respectively. When combining ISACHC class with NT-proBNP levels, a cut-off of 1265 pmol/L was predictive of survival in Group A, whereas the cut-off was 2700 pmol/L for Group B.Conclusions
NT-proBNP is correlated with MVD severity and could be used in combination with clinical status to predict cardiac outcome. 相似文献5.
Marco L. Margiocco Barret J. Bulmer DVM MS D. David Sisson DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(2):89-102
Objectives
To evaluate feasibility, repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) of Doppler-derived deformation imaging (DI) in healthy adult dogs.Animals, materials and methods
Forty-nine dogs underwent physical examination, ECG, blood pressure measurement and echocardiography. Doppler-derived DI parameters obtained from six selected Regions of Interest (ROI) within the left ventricle (LV) were: strain (S), systolic strain rate (SSR), strain rate E wave (SRE), and strain rate A wave (SRA). The averages of the six ROIs were calculated and labeled avS, avSSR, avSRE, and avSRA. Randomly selected dogs underwent two echocardiographic studies to evaluate intraoperator (n = 14) and interoperator (n = 17) variability.Results
DI data were obtained in 87.2% of dogs and 77.2% of ROIs. Compared to controls, avSSR was significantly reduced in Doberman Pinchers (DP) and it was increased in dogs <30 kg, compared to dogs >30 kg. The intraoperator Coefficient of Variability (CV) for some ROIs was greater than 15% but for averaged measurements it was ≤ 5.0%. Interoperator CV varied widely but were all <15% for avSSR, avS, and avSRA.Conclusions
The CV for Doppler-derived DI varied widely. Averaging values from multiple ROIs improved R&R. DI may help elucidate differences in LV mechanics between canine breeds. 相似文献6.
Objectives
The T wave polarity in the V10 precordial electrocardiographic (ECG) lead in Chihuahuas is described as positive in the veterinary literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the polarity of the T wave in the V10 precordial ECG lead in clinically healthy Chihuahuas. Our null hypothesis was that healthy Chihuahuas have a negative T wave in V10.Animals, materials and methods
In this prospective study, 67 healthy breeder-owned Chihuahuas were used. A physical examination, 10-lead ECG and an echocardiogram were performed on each dog.Results
No cardio-respiratory abnormalities were revealed in any of the otherwise healthy dogs. Three out of 67 ECGs were of insufficient quality because of baseline artifacts due to movement of the animal. Two other ECGs showed a nearly iso-electric T wave in the V10 lead. The remaining 62 ECGs showed negative T waves in the V10 lead. Right ventricular hypertrophy was excluded with echocardiography in all dogs.Conclusion
In contrast to previous reports, we found that healthy Chihuahuas have negative T wave in the V10 precordial ECG lead. 相似文献7.
Takashi Yamanaka Manabu Nemoto Hiroshi Bannai Koji Tsujimura Takashi Kondo Tomio Matsumura Masanori Muranaka Takanori Ueno Yuta Kinoshita Hidekazu Niwa Kazuya IPJ Hidari Takashi Suzuki 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):25
Background
Since equine influenza A virus (H3N8) was transmitted to dogs in the United States in 2004, the causative virus, which is called canine influenza A virus (CIV), has become widespread in dogs. To date, it has remained unclear whether or not CIV-infected dogs could transmit CIV to horses. To address this, we tested whether or not close contact between horses and dogs experimentally infected with CIV would result in its interspecies transmission.Methods
Three pairs of animals consisting of a dog inoculated with CIV (108.3 egg infectious dose50/dog) and a healthy horse were kept together in individual stalls for 15 consecutive days. During the study, all the dogs and horses were clinically observed. Virus titres in nasal swab extracts and serological responses were also evaluated. In addition, all the animals were subjected to a gross pathological examination after euthanasia.Results
All three dogs inoculated with CIV exhibited clinical signs including, pyrexia, cough, nasal discharge, virus shedding and seroconversion. Gross pathology revealed lung consolidations in all the dogs, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the lesions. Meanwhile, none of the paired horses showed any clinical signs, virus shedding or seroconversion. Moreover, gross pathology revealed no lesions in the respiratory tracts including the lungs of the horses.Conclusions
These findings may indicate that a single dog infected with CIV is not sufficient to constitute a source of CIV infection in horses. 相似文献8.
Cortisol Response in Healthy and Diseased Dogs after Stimulation with a Depot Formulation of Synthetic ACTH
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N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl W.A. Burkhardt N. Hofer‐Inteeworn B. Riond I.T. Rast R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch F.S. Boretti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1541-1546
Background
The ACTH stimulation test is used to evaluate the adrenocortical reserve. Recently, the availability of the synthetic ACTH formulation was limited, causing major problems in clinical practice.Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate poststimulation peak cortisol concentrations and the duration of the stimulatory effect of a depot ACTH preparation in dogs.Animals
Twenty‐two healthy dogs, 10 dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism (HA) and 15 dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism (HC).Methods
Prospective study. An ACTH stimulation test using a synthetic depot tetracosactide, administered intramuscularly (5 μg/kg or at least 0.1 mL) was performed. Blood samples for determination of cortisol were taken immediately before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after stimulation.Results
Peak cortisol concentrations were reached after 2–4 hours in all dogs. Cortisol concentrations 1 hour after stimulation were >9 μg/dL in all healthy dogs and >5 μg/dL in all dogs in which HA was excluded. None of the dogs with HA showed a cortisol‐increase above the detection‐limit of the assay. After 6 hours, cortisol concentrations had decreased in the healthy and HC group and were back to baseline after 24 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The depot formulation can be used in place of the short‐acting ACTH to evaluate the adrenocortical reserve. Blood for peak cortisol concentrations should be drawn 3 hours after stimulation in cases in which HC is suspected; in HA‐suspected cases, blood sampling can take place after 1 hour. As the stimulatory effect is gone after 24 hours, interference with other hormonal tests is unlikely after that time. 相似文献9.
D.M. Budreckis B.A. Byrne R.E. Pollard R.B. Rebhun C.O. Rodriguez Jr K.A. Skorupski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):828-833
Background
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are believed to be common in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but incidence and contributing factors have not been reported.Objectives
To determine the frequency and bacterial agents associated with UTI in dogs with TCC and define contributing factors.Animals
Eighty‐five dogs with a history of urogenital TCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that had at least 1 urine culture performed.Methods
Medical records and culture results were retrospectively reviewed and ultrasound images were reviewed when available. Clinical factors were evaluated statistically for association with positive culture.Results
Fifty‐five percent (47/85) of dogs had at least 1 positive culture during the course of treatment. Female dogs (80%, 40/50) were more likely than male dogs (29%, 10/35) to have at least 1 positive culture. Ultrasound examination determined that female dogs were more likely to have urethral (74%, 31/42) or trigonal tumor involvement (71%, 30/42) compared to male dogs (32%, 9/28 and 43%, 12/28, respectively). The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (23.9%, 29/121) and Escherichia coli (19.8%, 24/121). Dogs with urethral involvement of TCC were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than dogs without urethral involvement (75%, 30/40 versus 30%, 9/30).Conclusions
Urinary tract infection is common in dogs with TCC highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for bacterial cystitis in dogs with TCC. In addition, clinical factors such as tumor location and sex may be predictive of positive culture and can help clinicians assess the risk of UTI. 相似文献10.
Ashley B. Saunders DVM Brooke E. Smith DVM Geoffery T. Fosgate DVM PhD Jan S. Suchodolski Med.Vet. PhD Jrg M. Steiner Med.Vet. PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):9-16
Objective
To report cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis (PS) before and after balloon valvuloplasty (BV).Background
Increased morbidity and mortality have been reported with severe PS and histopathologic evidence of myocardial damage is demonstrated with BV. Severity of myocardial injury and inflammation associated with severe PS and BV, as assessed by cTnI and CRP, is unknown.Animals, materials and methods
Serum cTnI and CRP concentrations were measured in dogs with severe PS (n = 23) and following BV (n = 16).Results
Baseline cTnI and CRP were elevated in 7/23 (30.4%) and 8/23 (34.8%) dogs. Median cTnI at baseline and post-BV were 0.20 ng/mL (range, 0.20-1.29 ng/mL) and 2.85 ng/mL (range, 0.21-55.40 ng/mL), respectively. Median CRP at baseline and post-BV were 3.40 μg/mL (range, 0-14.70 μg/mL) and 11.70 μg/mL (range, 4.20-120 μg/mL), respectively. Post-BV concentrations were significantly increased compared to baseline for cTnI (p < 0.001) and CRP (p = 0.001).Conclusions
Serum cTnI and CRP are increased in dogs with severe PS and following BV. Future studies should evaluate whether biomarkers correlate with severity and prognosis of PS or can be used to guide therapy. 相似文献11.
S.J. Viitanen A. Lappalainen M.M. Rajamäki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):544-551
Background
Bacterial pneumonia (BP) is an inflammation of the lower airways and lung parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of BP in dogs is complex and the role of canine respiratory viruses has not been fully evaluated.Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of viral co‐infections in dogs with BP and to assess demographic or clinical variables as well as disease severity associated with viral co‐infections.Animals
Twenty household dogs with BP caused by opportunistic bacteria and 13 dogs with chronic (>30 days) tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (BBTB).Methods
Prospective cross‐sectional observational study. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, and cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage or transtracheal wash fluid. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus, canine herpes virus, canine influenzavirus, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine pneumovirus, as well as B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. were analyzed in respiratory samples using PCR assays.Results
CPIV was detected in 7/20 and CRCoV in 1/20 dogs with BP. Respiratory viruses were not detected in dogs with BBTB. There were no significant differences in clinical variables between BP dogs with and without a viral co‐infection.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Respiratory viruses were found frequently in dogs with BP and may therefore play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of BP. Clinical variables and disease severity did not differ between BP dogs with and without viral co‐infection. 相似文献12.
Hugues Patural Marie St-Hilaire Alain Beuchée Nathalie Samson Jean-Paul Praud 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(2):242-249
Background
Early postnatal abnormalities of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, including at baseline and following cardiorespiratory challenge, are involved in apneas-bradycardias of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events of infancy and sudden infant death syndrome. Literature data suggest that baseline ANS activity does not mature normally after premature birth.Objectives
This study performed in preterm lambs was aimed at assessing ANS maturation at baseline and following laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCR), a group of reflexes triggered by the contact of liquids with the laryngeal mucosa.Methods
Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRs) were measured at baseline and after LCR during polysomnographic recordings performed in five non-sedated lambs born 15 days prematurely. Laryngeal chemoreflexes were induced by distilled water or acid (pH 2) during sleep and wakefulness on postnatal days 7 (D7) and 14 (D14, full-term equivalence).Results
While the life-threatening cardiorespiratory events of the LCR observed at D7 were no longer present at D14, baseline and post-LCR HRV and BRs indices were significantly lower at D14 compared to D7 (up to p < 0.001). These results suggest that an initial autonomic overactivity was present at D7 and normalized at D14.Conclusion
The autonomic cardiac and baroreflex control appears to follow a specific evolution in the preterm compared to the full-term newborn lamb, with an important initial autonomic stress, which normalizes at an age equivalent to full-term. Potential relevance of these findings in relation to anomalies of cardiac control in the early postnatal period, such as apneas-bradycardias of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events of infancy and sudden infant death syndrome, awaits further studies. 相似文献13.
M. Konta M. Nagakawa A. Sakatani R. Akabane Y. Miyagawa N. Takemura 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(5):376-383
Introduction
This study examined whether the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan had inhibitory effects on drug-induced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation in normal dogs.Animals
Five healthy laboratory beagles were used in this study.Methods
Each dog received amlodipine (0.5 mg/kg, q12h, PO) alone for 14 days. Starting on the next day, animals received both amlodipine and telmisartan (1.0 mg/kg, q24h, PO) for 84 days. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma biochemical variables (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and electrolytes), plasma renin activity, and 24-h urinary aldosterone elimination (U-Aldo) were measured before amlodipine administration; at day 0; and at days 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 of telmisartan treatment.Results
Telmisartan was associated with significant decreases in systolic blood pressure on day 56 (p=0.046), whereas heart rate did not significantly change during this treatment (p=0.061). Plasma renin activity was significantly increased on days 1, 7, 28, 56, and 84 during telmisartan administration (all p=0.04). No change in median U-Aldo was detected following telmisartan administration (p=0.241). When U-Aldo was evaluated in individual animals, two dogs displayed evidence of aldosterone breakthrough.Conclusions
Telmisartan administration did not suppress RAAS activation. The appearance of aldosterone breakthrough supports the incomplete blockade of RAAS activation. 相似文献14.
David Dickson Domenico Caivano Jose Novo Matos Nuala Summerfield Mark Rishniw 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(6):469-479
Objectives
To provide reference intervals for 2-dimensional linear and area-based estimates of left atrial (LA) function in healthy dogs and to evaluate the ability of estimates of LA function to differentiate dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and similarly affected dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF).Animals
Fifty-two healthy adult dogs, 88 dogs with MMVD of varying severity.Methods
Linear and area measurements from 2-dimensional echocardiographs in both right parasternal long and short axis views optimized for the left atrium were used to derive estimates of LA active emptying fraction, passive emptying fraction, expansion index, and total fractional emptying. Differences for each estimate were compared between healthy and MMVD dogs (based on ACVIM classification), and between MMVD dogs with subclinical disease and CHF that had similar LA dimensions. Diagnostic utility at identifying CHF was examined for dogs with subclinical MMVD and CHF. Relationships with bodyweight were assessed.Results
All estimates of LA function decreased with increasing ACVIM stage of mitral valve disease (p<0.05) and showed negative relationships with increasing LA size (all r2 values < 0.2), except for LA passive emptying fraction, which did not differ or correlate with LA size (p=0.4). However, no index of LA function identified CHF better than measurements of LA size. Total LA fractional emptying and expansion index showed modest negative correlations with bodyweight.Conclusions
Estimates of LA function worsen with worsening MMVD but fail to discriminate dogs with CHF from those with subclinical MMVD any better than simple estimates of LA size. 相似文献15.
R.D. Baumwart A.S. Hanzlicek S.D. Lyon P.M. Lee 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(5):416-420
Objective
To determine if concentrations of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are increased in dogs with cardiac tamponade and if there is a significant increase in plasma NT-proBNP after pericardiocentesis.Animals
Ten client-owned dogs with spontaneous cardiac tamponade.Methods
Prospective clinical study. Cardiac tamponade was suspected from physical examination and confirmed with echocardiography. Blood was collected and plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were measured before and 30–60 min following pericardiocentesis and resolution of cardiac tamponade. Within-subject changes in plasma NT-proBNP were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results
The plasma NT-proBNP concentrations measured within the reference interval in seven of 10 dogs before pericardiocentesis and in six of 10 dogs following pericardiocentesis. Following pericardiocentesis, there was a statistically significant increase in median NT-proBNP concentration (733 pmol/L, range 250–3,297) compared with the values measured before (643 pmol/L, range 250–3,210, P = 0.004). The NT-proBNP concentration increased in 90% of the dogs following pericardiocentesis.Conclusions
An upper reference limit of 900 pmol/L for plasma NT-proBNP is insensitive for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in dogs. Plasma NT-proBNP concentration commonly increases following pericardiocentesis, perhaps related to improved ventricular filling and stretch. 相似文献16.
P.H. Kook J. Kempf M. Ruetten C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1716-1723
Background
Although gastroesophageal reflux (GER) often is assumed to be causative for upper gastrointestinal and respiratory signs in dogs, no attempts have been made to verify this assumption.Objectives
To monitor esophageal pH with the Bravo pH system in healthy dogs and client‐owned dogs displaying signs commonly attributed to GER.Animals
Seven healthy and 22 client‐owned dogs.Methods
After routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy, radiotelemetric pH capsules were placed in distal esophagus for continuous pH recording. Reflux was defined as single pH measurement <4. At discharge, owners were instructed to press individually predefined clinical sign‐buttons on the receiver whenever indicated. Results between groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results
The median (range) number of refluxes in client‐owned and healthy dogs, respectively, was 17 (1–205) and 10 (1–65), the number of refluxes >5 minutes in duration was 1 (0–14), and 1 (0–4), duration of longest reflux (min) was 10 (0–65) and 8 (0–27), and fractional time pH <4 (%) was 0.76% (0.01–6.28), and 0.3% (0–3.1). No differences were found between groups. The median of 7 (1–35) clinical sign‐button pushes were recorded in 21 dogs. Median of 12.5% (2.8% [1/35]–50% [2/4]) reflux‐positive clinical sign‐button pushes was found in 10 dogs with reflux‐positive pushes. Five (22.7%) dogs had increased esophageal acid exposure, and mild esophagitis was noted in 1 dog.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Despite evidence of increased GER in some dogs, the clinical sign‐reflux association remained poor. Future investigation should focus on dogs with esophagitis. 相似文献17.
I.C. van Dijl G. Le Traon B.D.A.M. van de Meulengraaf S. Burgaud L.J.I. Horspool H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1229-1234
Background
Oral levothyroxine (l‐T4) supplementation is commonly used to treat hypothyroid dogs.Objectives
Investigate the plasma profile and pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine (tT4) after PO administration of a l‐T4 solution and its clinical efficacy in hypothyroid dogs.Animals
Ten dogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism.Methods
After hypothyroidism diagnosis and supplementation with l‐T4 solution PO q24h at 20 μg/kg BW for minimum 4 weeks, the plasma profile and pharmacokinetics of tT4 were determined over 34 hours and the clinical condition of the dogs was evaluated.Results
Before dosing for pharmacokinetic evaluation, mean tT4 concentration was 23 ± 9 nmol/L. l‐T4 was absorbed rapidly (t max, 5 hours), reaching a mean maximal tT4 concentration of 56 ± 11 nmol/L. The apparent terminal half‐life was 11.8 hours. Clinical signs of hypothyroidism improved or resolved in all dogs after 4 weeks of treatment. The dosage of 20 μg/kg PO q24h was judged appropriate in 5 dogs, and 4 dogs required slight increases (9–16%). Twice daily treatment, with a 30% increase in dosage, was necessary for 1 dog.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The pharmacokinetics of l‐T4 in hypothyroid dogs was similar to that reported in healthy euthyroid dogs. Clinical and hormonal responses to l‐T4 solution were rapid in all dogs. The starting dosage of 20 μg/kg PO q24h was suitable for maintenance supplementation in 50% of the dogs, minor dosage modification was required in 4 other dogs, and treatment q12h was required in 1 dog. 相似文献18.
J. Vila R. Pariaut N.S. Moïse E.M. Oxford P.R. Fox C.A. Reynolds C. Saelinger 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(1):57-67
Objective
To investigate the expression and distribution of desmosomal and gap junction proteins of the intercalated disc in the atria of boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).Animals
Nineteen control dogs and 13 boxers with histopathologically confirmed ARVC.Methods
Right and left atrial samples were examined using immunofluorescence and Western blots. The intercalated disc proteins investigated included total and phosphorylated connexin43 (Cx43 and pCx43), connexin45, connexin40, plakoglobin, plakophilin-2, desmoplakin, and N-cadherin.Results
Histopathological changes characteristic of ARVC were present in the left or right atrium of 12 out of 13 boxers and were absent in all control dogs. When compared to the 19 control dogs, immunofluorescence analysis revealed a decrease in signal intensity for pCx43 and plakoglobin in the left (p = 0.03 and p = 0.014, respectively) and right atrium (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively) of affected boxers. Connexin43 and pCx43 Western blot band density was significantly decreased in the left (p = 0.025 and p = 0.027, respectively) and right atrium (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively) of affected boxers.Conclusion
Altered intercalated disc and gap junction proteins were identified in atrial myocardium of ARVC boxers, supporting atrial involvement as part of this disorder. Reduction in pCx43 in conjunction with histological changes could represent the substrate for atrial arrhythmias associated with ARVC. Furthermore, these findings detected in boxer dogs, lend support for the broader term, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as preferred nomenclature used to describe this disease in humans. 相似文献19.
Randolph L. Winter Ashley B. Saunders Sonya G. Gordon Jesse S. Buch Matthew W. Miller 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):124-131
Introduction
To determine the biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Animals
Thirty-eight privately owned dogs: 28 with MMVD and 10 healthy controls.Materials and methods
Prospective clinical study with comprehensive evaluation used to group dogs as healthy or into three stages of MMVD based on current guidelines. NTproBNP was measured hourly, daily, and weekly. For each group, analytical (CVA), within-subject (CVI), and between-subject (CVG) coefficients of variability were calculated in addition to percent critical change value (CCV) and index of individuality (IoI).Results
For healthy dogs, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 4.2%; CVI = 25.2%; CVG = 49.3%; IoI = 0.52, and CCV = 70.8%. For dogs with MMVD, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 6.2%; CVI = 20.0%; CVG = 61.3%; IoI = 0.34, and CCV = 58.2%.Conclusions
Biologic variability affects NTproBNP concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Monitoring serial individual changes in NTproBNP may be clinically relevant in addition to using population-based reference ranges to determine changes in disease status. 相似文献20.
M.W. Nolan M.M. Arkans D. LaVine T. DeFrancesco J.A. Myers E.H. Griffith L.P. Posner B.W. Keene S.P. Tou T.L. Gieger 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):132-143