板栗接穗规模化生产技术

从生产实践中总结板栗接穗的培育、采集、分选、裁切、处理、储藏等规模化生产技术。     

板栗接穗规模化生产技术

在生产实践基础上,总结提出了包括培育、采集、分选、裁切、处理、储藏等环节的板栗接穗规模化生产技术.     

专利技术

废物的再生利用长期以来都是作为重要的课题来研究。目前有利用铸造废砂、炉渣、粉尘、污泥为主要原料,以废塑料膜、废塑料制品为粘接剂,经一定的工艺复合成的一种非金属材料。还有以废砂、炉渣、废纤维、废轮胎等工农业固体废弃物再生、活化后作为骨料,以废塑料膜为粘接剂,配以少量添加剂,经微塑化制团,在一定温度下合成,再经表面处理而制成非金属材料。这两种方法虽然开辟了废弃物再生利用     

建筑装饰垃圾组成及再生利用研究

对上海某处理厂的装饰生活垃圾成分进行了统计分析,主要成分为灰沙浆、混凝土、轻质砖等。提出了选择合适的机械设备及处理系统对建筑装饰垃圾进行预处理、重力分选,并进行扬尘控制,得到处理后的几种材料给出了资源化利用的方向,以期为建筑装饰垃圾的再生利用提供参考。     

原木扫描技术在我国应用前景分析

原木扫描技术主要用于精确识别原木外廓形状、尺寸和各种缺陷，为原木管理、优化加工提供原始信息资料。该项技术在木材加工领域应用广泛，是未来国内外木材加工研究的一个重要方向。 木材的最初加工都是从原木开始的，因此，认识原木的外廓形状，包括尖削度、弯曲度、开裂、节子、腐朽等缺陷，以及如何根据加工的需要对这些缺陷进行有效的处理和分选、分等，是木材加工中具有普遍意义的问题，也是提高木材加工利用率的一个关键问题。据有关资料报道，对原木外形扫描识别由计算机控制分选、分等来确定下锯方案，可使原木出材率提高５％以上…     

菊花试管苗移栽试验

假植。假植是将幼嫩弱小的试管苗植于蛭石、锯末、炉渣等假植材料中,经过一定时间的炼苗,再定植于大田的技术处理过程。假植是过渡性阶段,目的是使在无菌条件下接种威活的试管苗,逐步适应外界条件,保证有较高的成活率。假植材料采用蛭石、锯末、炉渣、土或蛭石＋土、锯末＋土、炉渣＋土等几种。     

黑果枸杞全光雾嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

2014—2015年黑果枸杞嫩枝扦插育苗试验在全光喷雾条件下,平均生根率达91%。不同扦插基质育苗试验,采用炉渣扦插育苗生根率达95%。裸地扦插留床苗较床内扦插移栽苗高生长提高162.5%,不同处理扦插试验经根系效果指数分析,扦插基质采用炉渣灰、ABT生根粉处理、插穗长度10cm为最佳组合。试验的成功,为黑果枸杞苗木的培育提出了快速有效的无性繁殖方法。     

大果无刺沙棘全光雾嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

1996年～1997年试验在全光喷雾条件下,大果无刺沙棘扦插育苗平均生根率达91%.不同扦插基质育苗试验,采用炉渣灰扦插育苗生根率达95%.裸地扦插留床苗较床内扦插移栽苗高生长提高162.5%,不同处理扦插试验经根系效果指数分析,扦插基质采用炉渣灰、ABT生根粉处理、插穗长度10cm为最佳组合.试验的成功,为沙棘良种苗木的培育提出了快速有效的无性繁殖方法.     

菊花试管苗移栽试验

<正>假植。假植是将幼嫩弱小的试管苗植于蛭石、锯末、炉渣等假植材料中,经过一定时间的炼苗,再定植于大田的技术处理过程。假植是过渡性阶段,目的是使在无菌条件下接种成活的试管苗,逐步适应外界条件,保证有较高的成活率。假植材料采用蛭石、锯末、炉渣、土或蛭石+土、锯末+土、炉渣+土等几种。     

大果无刺沙棘全光雾嫩枝扦插育革技术研究

１９９６年－１９９７年试验在全光喷雾条件下,在果无刺沙棘扦插育苗平均生根率达９１．％。不同扦插基质育苗试验,采用炉渣灰扦插育苗秣奶率达９５％。褐地扦插留床苗较床内扦 插移栽苗高生长提高１６２．５％,不同处理扦插试验经根系效果指数分析,扦插基质采用炉渣灰、ＡＢＴ生根粉处理、插穗长度１０ｃｍ为最佳组合。试验的成功,为沙棘衣种苗木的培育提出了快速有效的无性繁殖方法。     

微生物固化垃圾焚烧灰渣强度试验

垃圾焚烧灰渣(底渣和飞灰)是生活垃圾焚烧发电后的残余固体废弃物,对其进行固化处理和资源化利用是减少该类固体废弃物占用填埋场资源的重要途径。笔者利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积固化细粒底渣和飞灰,通过微生物注浆试验研究菌液浓度、胶结液浓度和处理轮数对垃圾焚烧灰渣胶结CaCO3生成量及强度的影响。结果表明,底渣和飞灰都具有一定的水硬性,其水硬固化体的无侧限抗压强度分别为174.46和381.73 kPa。底渣经微生物注浆处理2~10轮后的无侧限抗压强度较水硬固化体分别提高了35.8%~120.0%,飞灰经微生物注浆处理2~10轮后的无侧限抗压强度较水硬固化体则分别提高了9.5%~48.8%。随胶结溶液浓度的增大,微生物固化底渣和飞灰中的CaCO3生成量和无侧限抗压强度提高,但试样的可注性降低。稀释比1∶50、菌液比1∶100的菌液更利于底渣和飞灰胶结强度的提高,未稀释菌液固化效果差。与微生物固化天然砂土和粉土相比,微生物固化底渣和飞灰的无侧限抗压强度随CaCO3含量增加的增幅较缓,微生物固化垃圾焚烧灰渣的胶结效率略低。试验结果证明,微生物固化能有效改善垃圾焚烧灰渣强度的特性,微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积技术在垃圾焚烧灰渣固化处理方面具有一定的发展潜力。     

Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastes Using Willow Vegetation Filters

Short rotation forests, consisting of various willows (Salix spp.), are suitable vegetation filters with regard to removal of nutrients from municipal sewage sludge, wastewater, leakage water and bioash (wood ash). As long as contents of heavy metals and known organic compounds are kept below accepted limit values, such waste oducts can be regarded as valuable nutrient resources, and particularly when the vegetation is produced for energy purposes instead of for direct or indirect human consumption. The benefit is three-fold: (i) purification of municipal waste using natural circulation, (ii) production of biomass for energy purposes, (iii) reduction of air pollution when burning wood instead of fossil fuels. Most Salix plantations can be used as recipients of sludge and ash as well as be irrigated with wastewater from sewage plants or with leakage water from dumps. Regarding waste and leakage water irrigation, a combined artificial wetland for winter conditions and a willow vegetation filter during the growing season can be used for the purification The welland should be planted with a suitable vegetation cover, which can be harvested in order to remove maximal amounts of nutrients from the system. This biomass can be used as fuel or in compost. There are also indications that some willow clones are capable of taking up certain heavy metals, while others are not. This is beneficial when growing willow on contaminated soils, which either could be purified or just be used for such plantations.     

硼灰稳定碎石路用性能分析

二灰（石灰、粉煤灰）稳定碎石是道路基层中常用的一种材料,基层作为路面结构的主要承重层,其力学强度及其路用性能是重要的指标。通过分析废旧材料硼灰的化学成分,利用其与粉煤灰的相似成分,研究硼灰代替粉煤灰做成石灰硼灰稳定碎石用作道路基层结构的可行性,首先从力学强度入手,通过在石灰粉煤灰碎石中掺加硼灰并改变硼灰的掺加比例,得出虽然掺加硼灰后无侧限强度有所下降,但仍能满足道路基层的需要;为进一步验证石灰硼灰碎石的路用性能,并防止路面反射裂缝的产生,又通过对劈裂强度、抗压回弹模量及冻融强度等各项指标的测试,最终得出硼灰代替部分粉煤灰用于道路基层中具有较好的效果。     

废纸回用过程中硅藻土对白水中DCS的影响研究

利用硅藻土作树脂吸附剂加填到废纸回用体系中,探讨了硅藻土的加入对白水中胶体和溶解物质(DCS)累积、浆料滤水以及成纸性能的影响,分析硅藻土对树脂障碍的缓解改善情况。研究表明废纸回用体系中硅藻土的加入可以缓解白水中DCS的积累和胶黏物问题,有利于白水循环程度的提高。研究表明浆料滤水时间减少25.8%,助留助滤效果明显。成纸灰分和白度分别提高9.13%和5.30%,裂断长和施胶度分别降低14.43%和18%,物理强度和施胶度均可满足用户要求。     

Potential use of wood ash in South African forestry: a review

The use of landfills as a disposal method for wood ash is costly, environmentally detrimental and is pitted against increasingly stern environmental regulations. Literature has shown that wood ash has the potential to be used as a forest fertiliser and the effects tend to be highly site-specific. Wood ash contains a combination of carbonates, hydroxides and other calcium-containing minerals that are responsible for the liming effect observed following application to soils. In addition, it contains significant magnesium and potassium concentrations, but little nitrogen and sulphur. The phosphorus availability of wood ash varies considerably and in effect can limit soil phosphorus uptake and may affect subsequent nutrient balance in plants. Short-rotation forestry practices and whole-tree harvest systems can induce periodic or persisting nutrient deficiencies and acidify the soil. This may affect the ability of a site to sustain adequate nutrient levels over successive rotations. Utilising wood ash as a soil amendment can offset or correct some nutrient deficiencies and imbalances induced by intensively managed plantation forests. This review covers the international literature on ash applications to forest land, including the effect of ash-beds remaining after slash burning (as a useful analogy for the effects of wood ash on soil properties and tree growth). The results show that ash applications to forest land can be done safely and can potentially stimulate microbial activity and improve pine and eucalypt growth. Safe ash application rates should be determined after consideration of (1) soil buffer capacity and ash alkalinity (expressed as calcium carbonate equivalence) and (2) an evaluation of the concentrations of heavy metals existing in soils and present in the available ash, particularly from cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic.     

Characterization of residues from thermal treatment of treated wood and extraction of Cu, Cr, As and Zn

Thermal treatment of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) impregnated waste wood is a way to utilize the energy resource of the wood and at the same time to reduce the volume of the waste. An issue of concern in relation to the thermal treatment is As emission to the air. Meanwhile, there is still a matter to cope with when methods to avoid As emission are implemented: the residues with increased concentrations of Cu, Cr and As. In the present paper two different residues after thermal treatment are characterized: a mixed bottom and fly ash from combustion of CCA impregnated wood, and a charcoal from pyrolysis of treated waste wood. By SEM/EDX it was seen that the charcoal still showed wood structure with both tracheids and rays and that Cu, Cr and As were found inside this wood structure. Cu was found alone while Cr and As were often found together. By chemical analysis it was found, too, that the charcoal contained a high concentration of Zn, probably from paint. Chemical extraction experiments in HNO₃ were conducted with the charcoal and it was found that the order of extraction (in percentage) was Zn > Cu > As > Cr. A SEM/EDX investigation of the mixed ash from combustion showed the presence of small particles with wood structure with elevated Cu and Cr concentrations, but most particles were irregular shaped matrix particles rich in Si, Al and K. Cr was abundant in many different particles including the lignin skeleton of the small, unburned wood pieces, but also inside silica-based matrix particles. Ca was often found associated with char-like (porous) particles, indicating that Ca-arsenates had been formed during combustion. Cu was often associated with Cr in the unburned wood pieces, whereas it was less abundant inside the silica-based matrix particles. Cu was also found in an almost pure form in a small layer on the surface of some matrix particles indicating condensation of volatile Cu species. Chemical extraction with inorganic acids showed the order of percentages mobilized as: As > Cu > Cr.     

Impact of addition of soil amendments and microbial inoculants on nursery growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Toona ciliata</Emphasis>

Present study evaluated growth of Populus deltoides G48 and Toona ciliata over a period of 6 months, in nursery soil amended with 10% fly ash (v/v), 5% distillery waste (v/v), 20% farmyard manure (v/v) and microbial consortium of Pseudomonas striata and Azotobacter sp. @ 30 ml/pot in different combinations leading to 12 different treatments with 16 replicates in completely randomized block design. Biometric parameters such as plant height, collar diameter and total dry biomass were analyzed which indicated that the treatment (T8) comprising of fly ash @ 10% (v/v), farmyard manure @ 20% (v/v) and microbial consortium @ 30 ml/pot promoted growth of P. deltoides. The results indicated that combined addition of fly ash, farm yard manure and microbial inoculants can be used as a good potting mixture for improving survival rates and plant growth in forestry nurseries.     

浅谈CFG桩复合地基

CFG桩是一种新的加固地基方法。具有适用范围广、加固地基效果明显、综合利用粉煤灰和工业废渣等优点。经济效益和社会效益好,极有推广价值。     

城市居民生活垃圾分类标准认知及实施情况的调查研究

采取调查问卷法,以自拟的调查问卷对菏泽家政职业学院450名在校学生的家长,就生活垃圾分类实施情况及分类标准的认知情况进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行了分析。经研究分析发现,被调查人对生活垃圾进行分类处理的比例不高,对于我国常用的几种垃圾分类标准认可度也不高;其原因主要在于垃圾分类标准制定不合理,市民不知如何对垃圾进行分类。在此基础上,对生活垃圾分类标准如何改进,提出了相关建议,以供参考。     

Multielement analysis using PIXE for beneficial use of ashes from a biomass power plant

Elemental analysis of wood fuels and ashes from a biomass power plant was carried out using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) to confirm that the ashes can be utilized safely. The power plant produced four types of ash: one cinder and three fly ashes. Ignition loss tests revealed that the cinder included little unburned carbon, while the unburned carbon concentrations in the fly ashes were considerably higher. From PIXE analysis, more than 20 elements were found in all the ashes and it was shown that aluminum, silicon, calcium, potassium, and iron were the major elements in the ashes. In the fly ash collected in a bag filter, sodium, sulfur, and chlorine were also classified as major elements. Although chromium, arsenic, and lead were detected in all the ashes, leaching tests indicated that there were no potential problems associated with landfill treatment of the ashes. It was assumed that temporal fluctuation in the concentrations of major elements in the ashes was not significant. Nine kinds of waste wood fuels were analyzed by PIXE and 24 elements were determined. Lead was detected in all the woody fuels, but arsenic was not detected. Part of this report was presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, August 2007.