不同环境因素对猪殃殃种子萌发及出苗的影响

为探讨猪殃殃种子萌发的适宜环境条件,通过室内萌发试验研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分对猪殃殃种子萌发以及埋土深度对其出苗的影响。结果表明,猪殃殃种子萌发的适宜环境条件为温度10~20℃、光暗12h交替培养以及pH 4~10,萌发率可达到50%以上。猪殃殃种子对水势比较敏感,萌发率随着水势的降低而降低,当水势为0时,萌发率为50.50%,水势降低至-0.6 MPa时,仅有个别种子萌发,萌发率为3.50%,当水势为-0.7 MPa时,种子萌发完全受到抑制;猪殃殃种子对盐分胁迫有一定忍耐力,当NaCl浓度为0.16mol/L时,仍有少数种子萌发,萌发率为16.50%;适于猪殃殃种子出苗的埋土深度是1~2cm,出苗率达到49.50%。研究结果为猪殃殃的出苗调控和综合治理提供了依据。     

野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum种子的萌发条件

为明确野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum种子的休眠特性及萌发适宜的环境条件,采用培养皿法和盆钵法研究野老鹳草种子萌发和出苗适宜的条件,记录种子萌发数,计算种子萌发率、平均萌发时间及萌发指数。结果显示,野老鹳草具有较长的休眠期,新采集的野老鹳草种子在室温干储210 d后可以解除休眠;在10~25℃的恒温条件下种子萌发率均在93.8%以上;有无光照及光周期的长短对种子的萌发无影响;对酸碱度不敏感,在pH 4~10范围内种子萌发率均在91.3%以上;对水势具有一定耐受力,抑制50%种子萌发率所需的水势为-0.42 MPa;盐分对野老鹳草种子萌发具有一定抑制作用,当盐浓度达到160 mmol/L时基本不能萌发;此外,种子在土壤垂直深度5 cm以内时仍然可以出苗,对播种深度适应性较强。表明野老鹳草种子具有较长休眠期,土壤层积可解除种子休眠;而且野老鹳草种子对温度、光照、土壤酸碱度、播种深度适应性较强,水势及盐分对种子萌发有一定影响。     

鹅观草种子萌发及出苗特性

在实验室和温室条件下研究不同温度、光照、水势、盐分对鹅观草种子萌发以及埋土深度对鹅观草出苗的影响。结果表明,鹅观草种子萌发的昼/夜温度范围为20℃/10℃~35℃/25℃,最适昼/夜温度为25℃/15℃;黑暗条件下,鹅观草种子萌发率较光照下略有提高,说明鹅观草萌发不需要光照;鹅观草种子对水势胁迫较敏感,水势从0下降至-0.8 MPa时,发芽率从93%直线下降至0;鹅观草种子对盐分胁迫具有一定耐受性,当NaCl浓度≤50 mmol/L时,种子均能保持80%以上的萌发率。50%萌发抑制率时的水势和NaCl浓度分别约为-0.4 MPa和100 mmol/L。埋土深度为0.5 cm时,鹅观草出苗率最高,埋土深度≥3 cm时出苗率显著下降。表明鹅观草种子萌发具有较强的环境适应性,通过耕作将其种子带入4 cm以下土层,可有效抑制鹅观草的危害。     

牛筋草种子萌发特性的研究

牛筋草种子萌发受温度影响较大,温度低于15℃,种子完全不萌发,高于25℃利于种子萌发,萌发率超过92％。对光照条件不敏感。牛筋草种子的萌发受酸碱度影响很小,在pH值4—11范围内,萌发率均高于90％。牛筋草种子对水分胁迫较敏感,当水势为-0．6MPa时,种子萌发率仅1．67％。牛筋草种子耐盐性较强,当NaC1浓度为120mmol／L时,种子萌发率仍高达80％。牛筋草种子适宜在土层深度0-1cm范围内萌发,萌发率超过87％,种子埋深增加会严重抑制其萌发。     

野燕麦种子萌发特性及化学防除药剂筛选

为了明确恶性杂草野燕麦的萌发特性和化学防除技术,采用培养皿与盆栽相结合的方法,研究温度、光照、水势、盐胁迫、pH、土层深度对种子萌发的影响并评价麦田常用除草剂对野燕麦的除草活性。结果表明,野燕麦种子最适发芽温度为15~20℃。对光周期不敏感,全黑、全光照条件下均可正常萌发。当水势为-0.2~0 MPa时,发芽率可达80%左右,当水势降低至-0.8 MPa时,不能萌发。覆盖2~15cm的土层均可萌发,其中2~10cm土层中发芽率最高。适宜pH范围较广,在pH 5~9范围内,发芽率大于70%。耐盐胁迫能力较强,NaCl浓度160mmol/L时,发芽率大于50%。除草活性评价结果表明,炔草酯、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺对4~6叶期野燕麦均有较好防效,供试药剂防效高低排序为:炔草酯、唑啉草酯精噁唑禾草灵甲基二磺隆氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺异丙隆。     

不同环境因素对苘麻种子萌发及出苗的影响

苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medikus具有生长旺盛、结籽量大和适应性强等特点,已成为多种农田中的恶性杂草,研究环境条件对苘麻萌发的影响对进一步探究其生物学特性与综合防治技术具有重要意义。通过室内试验研究温度、光照、酸碱度、水分胁迫、盐胁迫与苘麻种子萌发及埋土深度与其出苗的关系。结果表明,在10～35℃下苘麻种子均可萌发,20～30℃为其最适萌发温度范围;种子萌发对光照不敏感;适应pH范围广,在pH 4～9条件下种子发芽率均在70%以上;水势在-0.2～0 MPa范围内种子发芽率最高,当水势小于-0.7 MPa时,种子萌发受到完全抑制;有较强的耐盐性,NaCl浓度为160 mmol/L时发芽率超过40%;种子对播种深度适应性较强,覆盖不超过8 cm的土层均可出苗。     

青海云杉种子萌发特性

以天祝县青海云杉天然种群种子为研究对象,通过对种子生活力测定,分析种子萌发对温度、光照、水分和盐分胁迫的响应,为引种提供参考数据。结果表明：① 种子的生活力为72%。② 在黑暗条件下,温度小于10 ℃种子不萌发,最适萌发温度25/15 ℃(72%);种子在24 h黑暗和24 h光照条件下的萌发率显著高于14 h光照/10 h黑暗。③ 当NaCl胁迫浓度为50 mmol·L^-1时,可促进种子萌发,当胁迫浓度大于50 mmol·L^-1时,抑制种子萌发;胁迫解除后,随着胁迫浓度的增加,恢复萌发率(RGR)先增加后减小,胁迫浓度为400 mmol·L^-1时,RGR达到最大值13%。④ 随着PEG-6000试剂胁迫渗透势的增加,种子萌发显著减少,在-0.9 MPa时,种子不能萌发;胁迫解除后,RGR先增加后减少,在-0.9 MPa时,达到最大值35%。     

恶性杂草马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）种子萌发特性的研究

为了明确恶性杂草马齿苋种子的萌发特性,本文研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分及土层深度对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明：马齿苋种子在光照L∥D=14 h∥10 h、温度白天32 ℃,晚上28 ℃的变温条件下萌发率最高,为92%。马齿苋种子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围较宽,在5相似文献   

少花蒺藜草种子萌发与出苗特性

少花蒺藜草是我国重要外来入侵植物之一。研究了环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发和出苗的影响。研究结果表明,光照会促进少花蒺藜草种子休眠,少花蒺藜草种子萌发温度范围为15～40℃,最适萌发温度为25℃,萌发的临界温度在10～15℃;临界水势在－12～－10 MPa,水势在－8～－4 MPa的环境适宜少花蒺藜草生长。少花蒺藜草出苗临界土壤含水量在1．0％～2．5％,生长临界含水量在2．5％～5．0％;少花蒺藜草在pH值为2～12的条件下均可萌发生长,但pH值为12的条件更适合生长;少花蒺藜草种子在沙土中0～15 cm深度均可出苗,1～9 cm深度出苗率最高,在壤土中1～7 cm深度出苗率最高,超过11 cm不能出苗。     

不同环境因素对节节麦萌发的影响

节节麦Aegilops tauschii Coss.是麦田难治杂草,研究环境条件对节节麦发芽的影响对预测其适生区域及综合治理有重要意义。以采自陕西、山东和河南的3个节节麦种群为对象,通过室内和室外萌发试验研究了水势、pH、盐分和播种深度与节节麦萌发的关系。结果表明,3个节节麦种群在不同的环境条件下表现出相似的萌发及出苗特性,其萌发对水势敏感,发芽率随水势的下降而降低,当渗透势小于-1.0 MPa时,种子不萌发;节节麦萌发对pH要求不高,在pH 3～10条件下发芽率均超过70%;其萌发具有一定的耐盐性,盐浓度为0 mmol/L时,发芽率最高,盐浓度大于420 mmol/L时,节节麦不能萌发;节节麦出苗率随播种深度的增加而降低,播种在土壤表面时,出苗率最高,播种深度大于10 cm时,未发现节节麦出苗。3个节节麦种群发芽对上述不同环境因子的反应差异不显著。     

节节麦小穗上不同粒位种子萌发对环境因子的响应

为明确节节麦小穗上不同粒位种子萌发对环境因素的响应差异,采用培养皿法测定了小穗基部小花形成的第1粒种子(S1)和相邻上部位置小花形成的第2粒种子(S2)萌发对酸碱胁迫、盐胁迫和水分胁迫的响应.结果显示:S1和S2萌发均对pH要求不高,但在供试pH为3～10时,S2的萌发速率大于S1.与S1相比,S2萌发具有较强的耐盐性...     

Effects of water stress and NaCl stress on different life cycle stages of the cold desert annual Lachnoloma lehmannii in China

For a plant species to complete its life cycle in arid and saline environments, each stage of the life cycle must be tolerant to the harsh environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of water stress (water potentials of -0.05, -0.16, -0.33, -0.56, -0.85 and -1.21 MPa) and NaCl stress (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mmol/L NaCl) on seed germination percentage, seedling survival and growth, juvenile growth and plant reproduction of Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge (Brassicaceae), an cold desert annual that grows in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China in 2010. Results indicated that low water stress (-0.05 and -0.16 MPa) had no significant effect on seed germination percentage. With a decrease in water potential, germination percentage decreased, and no seeds germinated at -0.85 and -1.21 MPa water stresses. Germination percentage of seeds was significantly affected by NaCl stress, and higher germination percentages were observed under non-saline than saline conditions. An increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination percentage, and no seeds germinated at ≥400 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Non-germinated seeds were transferred from both PEG (polyethylene glycol-6000) and NaCl solutions to distilled water for seed germination recovery. The number of surviving seedlings and their heights and root lengths significantly decreased as NaCl stress increased. About 30% of the plants survived and produced fruits/seeds at 200 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Thus, seed germination, seedling establishment and reproductive stage in the life cycle of L. lehmannii are water- and salt-tolerant, with seedlings being the least tolerant. These tolerances help explain why this species can survive and produce seeds in arid and saline habitats.     

Effect of the burial depth and environmental factors on the seasonal germination of bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca [L.] Kunth ssp. fascicularis [Lam.] N. Snow)

Bearded sprangletop recently was introduced to Turkey, where it has adapted to rice cultivation and become an important weed in many regions of the country. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light, temperature, osmotic stress, salt stress, pH and flooding on bearded sprangletop germination and emergence. Mature bearded sprangletop seeds were collected from rice fields in August 2008. Approximately 1250 seeds were wrapped in plastic fabric and buried at 2 or 10 cm in pots in flooded or non‐flooded conditions. In this experiment, seed germination in the light from the flooded and non‐flooded treatments began in the spring, peaked in summer and decreased in the fall. This pattern was repeated the following year after exposing the seeds to natural seasonal temperature changes. As either the level of water stress or NaCl concentration increased, cumulative seed germination decreased. No seed germinated when the NaCl concentration exceeded 400 mole. The level of seedling emergence decreased with an increasing burial depth. Under the flooded conditions, emergence began in late April and continued until early July, with peak emergence in the first week of June. Under the non‐flooded conditions, bearded sprangletop emerged later than under the flooded conditions and the overall level of emergence was lower. The depth of burial and water stress appear to be the most important factors that limit seed germination. Germination was stimulated by light, suggesting that the seeds are positively photoblastic.     

苏南苏中苏北地区3个杂草稻生物型萌发特性比较研究

为了搞清楚江苏地区杂草稻不同生物型在萌发特性上的差异,选择了苏南、苏中和苏北地区3个杂草稻生物型及2个常规栽培稻品种,采用种子生测法,进行了温度、水势、盐分、pH值和埋土深度对杂草稻与常规栽培稻种子萌发影响的研究。结果表明,在萌发适宜温度范围方面,JT-3、JD-4〉SY63〉GY-LZC〉WYJ7;不同水势条件下,JT-3、JD-4的萌发率〉GY-LZC的萌发率〉常规栽培稻的萌发率。JT-3、JD-4在每个盐浓度处理下的萌发率〉GY-LZC的萌发率;在pH值7~8范围之外,JT-3、JD-4的萌发率〉GY-LZC的萌发率〉常规栽培稻萌发率;当埋土深度在4~7 cm范围内,常规栽培稻的出苗率〉杂草稻。     

温周期、贮藏时间和盐分对短毛柽柳种子萌发的影响

短毛柽柳(Tamarix karelinii)是分布于盐渍化沙地和重盐碱地的灌木。为了阐明短毛柽柳种子的萌发特性,设置不同的温周期、储藏时间和盐分梯度,采用室内控制实验研究这些因子对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:1短毛柽柳种子在4个温周期中均具有高的萌发率,并且温周期温度越高,种子的萌发速率越快。2室温贮藏1个月显著提高种子的萌发速率,在贮藏6个月内,种子的最终萌发率都能达到100%。3≤0.8 mol·L~(-1)的Na Cl溶液对种子的最终萌发率无显著影响,而≥1.0 mol·L~(-1)的溶液则抑制种子的萌发,且随着浓度的增加,种子的最终萌发率呈下降趋势,直至为0。将1.0~4.0 mol·L~(-1)溶液中没有萌发的种子,转移至蒸馏水继续培养后,仍有71.67%~28.00%的种子恢复萌发率,表明种子具有较强的耐盐性。对短毛柽柳种子萌发特性的研究,为短毛柽柳的种苗培育提供基础资料。