饲粮锌、硒和维生素E水平对后备母猪生长发育及生殖激素的影响

选择日龄、体况较一致的二元杂(长白×约克)后备母猪27头,采用L9(34)正交表安排试验,共9个试验组,每组3个重复。饲粮锌、硒和维生素E均设置3个水平,分别为:锌(45.0mg/kg,85.0mg/kg,125mg/kg);硒(0.10mg/kg,0.25mg/kg,0.40mg/kg);维生素E(15IU/kg,30IU/kg,45IU/kg),目的是研究饲粮微量元素锌、硒和维生素E对后备母猪生长发育和血清生殖激素参数的影响规律。结果表明在喂给含锌量85mg/kg,含硒量0.25mg/kg,含维生素E量45IU/kg饲粮时:(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早,分别为(187.4±6.6)d,(185.9±8.4)d,(189.1±7.3)d(P<0.05);(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄情况下均显示最高水平(P<0.05或P<0.10)。综合所考察的参数,后备母猪饲粮中含锌85mg/kg,含硒0.25mg/kg,含维生素E45IU/kg是适当的组合用量。     

日粮阴阳离子和纤维素酶对绵羊血液中生化指标的影响

选体重为38kg左右的永久瘤胃瘘管羊5只,采用5×5拉丁方设计,研究不同水平阴阳离子和纤维素酶对绵羊血液中生化指标的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组1为纤维素酶组(日粮的0.2%),处理组2为DCAB(20mEq/100g DM),处理组3为纤维素酶(日粮的0.2%)+DCAB(20mEq/100g DM),处理组4为纤维素酶(日粮的0.2%)+DCAB(40mEq/100g DM)。试验结果表明:不同水平的阴阳离子和纤维素酶对T3、T4的浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对胰岛素浓度的影响差异显著,处理组高于对照组(P<0.05);血糖浓度对照组与处理组2差异显著(P<0.05),血液中其他生化指标均在正常生理范围内且组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明日粮中添加0.2%纤维素酶和DCAB值为0~40mEq/100g DM的阴阳离子没有损害绵羊各组织器官。     

日粮阴阳离子水平对奶牛血液生化指标和尿液指标的影响

选择泌乳中期奶牛20头,随机分成4组,分别饲喂不同阴阳离子水平(DCAB)日粮,DCAB分别为87(对照)、300、400和500mEq/kg DM,测定了不同DCAB对血清和尿液一些指标的影响。血液指标中,DCAB 400组提高了促乳素,DCAB 400和500组提高了雌二醇浓度和尿素;DCAB 300和400组乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶和总蛋白显著提高;处理组钙含量显著高于对照组。尿液指标中,DCAB 400和500组pH显著高于对照组,钾离子浓度显著低于对照组;处理组氯离子浓度均显著低于对照组,而DCAB 300和500组钠离子显著提高;DCAB 400组尿素显著高于对照组。本研究条件下,DCAB400mEq/kg DM是泌乳期奶牛较为适合的日粮添加量。     

硒对农产品营养品质的影响

硒是人体必需的营养元素,作为重要物质参与机体的新陈代谢,摄入量不足会引发多种疾病,富硒农产品是膳食补充硒元素的重要来源之一.本文分析了农产品富硒的主要方式,综合阐述了硒对植物性农产品中蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、其他元素、次生代谢产物和动物性农产品营养品质的影响,为富硒农产品的生产,特别是富硒农产品营养品质的调控与提升提供理论...     

硒、钴对苜蓿青干草营养水平影响的研究

通过在苜蓿草地上基施硒、钴物料的田间试验,研究苜蓿对硒钴的吸收、积累和转化特点,以及各种物料对苜蓿青干草中营养成分和微量元素含量的影响。结果表明: （1）硒或钴物料均能提高苜蓿青干草中硒的含量,物料中硒含量越高,青干草中硒的含量也越高。钴能显著提高苜蓿青干草中的钴含量,过量施钴会造成钴料的浪费。虽然硒对草中钴积累量影响不大,但硒钴混合物料可显著提高牧草钴的积累量,物料中硒含量越高草中钴的积累量越多。（2）硒钴的合理混施能显著提高苜蓿对硒、钴的利用率以及物料中无机硒向牧草中有机硒的转化率,提高牧草中硒的有效性和安全性。（3）在所有硒、钴物料中,高硒低钴能提高苜蓿青干草的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,对粗纤维和无氮浸出物影响不大。而其他硒、钴物料均能显著提高苜蓿干草中的粗纤维含量,降低粗脂肪含量,对粗蛋白和无氮浸出物含量影响不大。（4）硒钴混合物料能显著提高苜蓿青干草中Mo、Cu、B、Fe、Mn、Zn 6种元素的含量,其中Mo的提高幅度最大为142.34 %～256.45 %, 其次为Fe、Mn和Zn,提高幅度分别为48.16 %～59.45 %、32.88 %～41.66 %和37.10 %～96.39 %。Cu和B的提高幅度最小,分别为13.43 %～37.33 %和14.60 %～39.67 %。     

外源硒对芒果硒含量及果实营养品质的影响

探讨叶面喷施和土施外源硒对芒果叶片和果实硒含量、果实矿质元素含量及营养品质的影响,以期为富硒芒果的安全生产提供理论依据和技术支持。以“桂热 82号”芒果为试材,叶面喷施以亚硒酸钠为硒源,设置0.0、25.0、50.0、100.0、150.0和 200.0 mg/L 6个浓度水平,于生理落果结束后,每 15 d喷施一次,连喷 2次。土施设置亚硒酸钠处理和硒酸钠处理,施肥量为 10 g/株,于花期沟施。结果表明,芒果叶片和果实中的硒含量随着叶面喷硒浓度的增加而递增。叶面喷施 50 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著提高果实 Vc含量,200 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著提高果实K、可滴定酸含量,100～ 200 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著降低果实Zn、Ca含量。土施相同量的亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠均可显著提高芒果叶片和果实硒含量。土施硒酸钠叶片和果实硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠。土施 10 g/株亚硒酸钠显著降低果实 Ca、Mg含量,土施 10 g/株硒酸钠显著提高果实 K、Vc含量,降低果实 Ca含量。叶面喷硒和土壤施硒均可显著提高芒果叶片和果实硒含量,其中叶面喷硒提高幅度远大于土壤施硒提高幅度。土施硒酸钠比亚硒酸钠更容易被芒果吸收。富硒芒果生产上推荐叶面喷施 25.0～ 50.0 mg/L亚硒酸钠,或者土施 10 g/株硒酸钠。     

赛乐硒对西门塔尔母牛发情周期生殖激素分泌的影响

以赛乐硒为硒源,研究了日粮(混合精料+玉米秸秆)添加不同水平硒(0、0.3、0.6和0.9mg/kg)对西门塔尔牛育成母牛发情周期生殖激素分泌的影响。结果表明,赛乐硒提高了母牛发情周期LH、FSH、P4、E2水平,0.3和0.6mg/kg组显著高于0.9mg/kg和对照组,0.9mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此推断0.6mg/kg处理对发情周期生殖激素分泌有显著促进作用,兼顾基础日粮含硒量,建议日粮硒水平为0.67mg/kg。     

硒肥对猕猴桃果实硒含量及其营养品质的影响

采用叶面喷施、根施及根叶并施方式对猕猴桃植株进行富硒处理。结果表明:3种施肥方式对于提高猕猴桃果实硒含量效果的顺序为叶面喷肥根叶并施根施,以叶面喷施0.5 kg硒肥最优,果实硒含量增加了103.5%;提高果实维生素C(Vc)含量的效果顺序为根施根叶并施叶面喷肥,根施0.5 kg硒肥最为显著,果实Vc含量增加了23.0%,而叶面喷肥后果实Vc含量下降;提高果实可溶性固形物含量的效果顺序为叶面喷肥根叶并施根施,以叶面喷施0.5 kg硒肥最优,果实可溶性固形物含量提高了37.2%。结合猕猴桃果实硒含量、营养品质、果树长势以及果园管理成本等因素,建议选用果树绽叶期根施硒肥0.5 kg·株-1作为富硒猕猴桃果园的施肥技术。     

蛋氨酸硒对牛营养物质代谢和生化指标的影响

选用16头体重420kg、年龄2.5岁西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用随机区组设计分为4组,以蛋氨酸硒为硒源,在基础日粮中分别添加硒0、0.3、0.6和0.9mg/kg,研究蛋氨酸硒对西门塔尔牛营养物质消化代谢和理化指标的影响。结果表明,0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮的有机物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于对照(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组的消化氮、沉积氮和氮利用率显著高于对照(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组的硒、钙、磷、锰、铜、钼的存留率显著提高(P<0.05),锌和硫的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组的血清甘油三酯、血糖、白蛋白、总蛋白、GPT、GOT、GSH-px和GSH均显著高于对照(P<0.05)。0.6和0.9mg/kg组丙二醛含量显著低于对照(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清硒含量显著高于对照(P<0.05)。日粮加硒0.6mg/kg显著改善日粮营养物质消化代谢,提高了机体抗氧化能力,建议以蛋氨酸硒为硒源时日粮加硒0.60mg/kg。     

两种含硒调理剂对生姜硒含量及营养品质的影响研究

为明确外源硒肥对生姜（Zingiber Officinale Roscoe）硒积累及营养品质的影响,本研究采用大田试验,研究了2种含硒调理剂（硅酸钾型和麦饭石型）及其用量对生姜硒含量、生长发育、抗氧化系统参数、营养品质和产量及土壤pH值和硒形态转化的影响。结果表明,两种含硒调理剂均显著提高生姜硒含量,生姜富硒效果随含硒调理剂施用量的增加而提高,硅酸钾型的效果优于麦饭石型,其中T3（硅酸钾型3.6 kg·hm-2）效果最好,分别使生姜地上部和姜块硒含量较对照提高254.87%和366.03%。两种含硒调理剂使姜块产量、N、P、K含量分别较对照增加22.25%～66.59%、7.71%～29.08%、15.83%～43.32%和18.29%～41.92%,姜块可溶性糖含量提高0.33～1.86个百分点,可溶性蛋白、姜黄素含量分别提高56.56%～115.47%和15.86%～68.07%;姜叶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性分别提高38.07%～78.82%、26.80%～40.38%,而丙二醛（MDA）含量降低10.76%～50.51%。此外,含硒调理剂使土壤pH值较对...     

土壤有机质含量对土壤入渗能力及参数影响的试验研究

基于土壤质地为壤土的大田水分入渗试验,分析了有机质含量对大田土壤水分入渗能力和考斯加科夫入渗模型参数的影响。研究表明：土壤有机质对大田土壤入渗能力和入渗模型参数的影响都比较明显,土壤累积入渗量随着土壤有机质含量的增加而增大;入渗模型参数k和α值随土壤有机质含量的增加而减小。研究结果对于土壤入渗能力预测模型的建立和地面灌水技术参数的优化具有一定价值。     

The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field

The possible ameliorative effects of selenium (Se) addition to soil on the detrimental effects of enhanced UV-B radiation were tested on strawberry and barley during 4 months of field experiment in Kuopio, Central Finland. Control plants were exposed to ambient levels of UV radiation, using arrays of unenergized lamps. A control for UV-A radiation was also included in the experiment. Added Se, applied as H₂SeO₄, at the level of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (low dosage) and 1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (high dosage) increased Se concentrations in plants more than 10 and 100 times, respectively. After 4 months of exposure, strawberry and barley plants were harvested for biomass analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using the Hansatech FMS2 fluorescence monitoring system. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure were observed by light and transmission electron microscope. Several effects of UV and Se as well as their interaction were found, mostly for strawberry, but not for barley, indicating species-specific responses. Our results provided evidence that the high Se concentration in soil had no ameliorative effect but increased the sensitivity of strawberry to enhanced UV-B radiation in the field. Under ambient radiation, Se did not alter leaf growth of strawberry, whereas under UV-B radiation, the high Se addition significantly decreased leaf growth. Strawberry runner biomass was affected by the interaction of Se and UV. Under ambient radiation Se did not change dry weight of runners, but in combination with UV-A or UV-B radiation the high Se dosage decreased dry weight of runners by about 30%. Although the high Se concentration positively influenced on quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in strawberry leaves, it reduced runner biomass, leaf number and ratio of starch to chloroplast area. This suggests that the harmful effects of the high Se dosage on photosynthetic processes occurred as a result of changes in activity or/and biosynthesis of enzymes, rather than alteration of PSII. At the low concentration, Se effects were slight and variable.Although barley leaves accumulated higher Se concentrations than strawberry, there were no apparent changes in their growth, biomass or chlorophyll fluorescence due to Se effect either alone or in combination with UV-B. However, at the ultrastructural level, an enlargement in the peroxisome area was found due to combination of UV radiation with Se, suggesting the activation of antioxidative enzymes, possibly catalase. Decrease in mitochondrial density in barley cells in response to Se might be attributed to alteration of mitochondrial division. Increase in the proportion of cells with cytoplasmic lipid bodies due to combined effect of UV-B and Se indicated the alteration of lipid metabolism and the acceleration of cell senescence in barley. Main UV-B effects were found, mostly at the tissue and ultrastructural level in strawberry, but not in barley, indicating species-specific susceptibility to enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B-treated strawberry plants developed marginally thinner leaves with reduced ratio of starch to chloroplast area in their cells, suggesting negative influence of UV-B on photosynthetic processes.     

饲粮油脂对蛋鸡生产性能、血清脂质含量和蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响

选用90只50周龄海蓝褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成5组。5组饲粮中分别添加使用2%棕榈油(对照组,2%PO)、2%亚麻油(2%LO)、4%亚麻油(4%LO)、4%鱼油(4%FO)、4%火麻仁油(4%HO),研究不同油脂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋黄中脂肪酸组成和血清胆固醇等脂质含量的影响。结果表明:(1)4%亚麻油组鸡产蛋率较对照组提高,差异显著(P<0.05),4%鱼油组和2%亚麻油组产蛋率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,随着饲粮亚麻油用量的增加,蛋黄中α亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量增加(P<0.05);4%鱼油组蛋黄中EPA和DHA含量增加(P<0.05);4%火麻仁油组蛋黄中亚油酸(LA)和ALA的含量增加(P<0.05)。(3)饲粮中不同油脂影响蛋黄中n6/n3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值,亚麻油、鱼油、火麻仁油能降低n6/n3PUFA比值(P<0.05)。(4)不同油脂对血清脂质含量无显著的影响(P>0.05),但亚麻油、鱼油、火麻仁油有降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度的趋势。     

The effects of compost in a rice–wheat cropping system on aggregate size,carbon and nitrogen content of the size–density fraction and chemical composition of soil organic matter,as shown by 13C CP NMR spectroscopy

We investigated whether the long‐term application of compost from agricultural waste improved soil physical structure, fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. In 2006, we began a long‐term field experiment based on a rice–wheat rotation cropping system, having a control without fertilizer (NF) and three treatments: chemical fertilizers (CF), pig manure compost (PMC) and a prilled mixture of PMC and inorganic fertilizers (OICF). Following the harvest of wheat in 2010, the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates and the concentration of C and N in bulk soil (0–20 cm; <2 mm fraction) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in PMC and NF plots than in CF or OICF plots. Pig manure compost significantly increased the proportion of >5‐mm aggregates, whereas CF significantly increased the proportion of 0.45‐ to 1‐mm aggregates. The C and N contents of all density fractions were greater in PMC than in other treatments with levels decreasing in the following order: free particulate organic matter (fPOM) >occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) > mineral‐combined SOM (mineral–SOM). Solid‐state ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra showed that alkyl C/O‐alkyl C ratios and aromatic component levels of SOM were smaller in PMC and OICF plots than in CF plots, suggesting that SOM in PMC and OICF plots was less degraded than that in CF plots. Nevertheless, yields of wheat in PMC and NF plots were smaller than those in CF and OICF plots, indicating that conditions for producing large grain yields did not maintain soil fertility.