糖化酶单抗的研制及其抗原识别位点的分析

为建立掺糖造假蜂蜜中残留糖化酶的检测方法,用从黑曲霉中提取的糖化酶作为免疫原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得了12株稳定分泌针对糖化酶抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。单克隆抗体亚型鉴定结果显示,10株为IgG1,2株为IgG2b,轻链均为κ轻链。Western blotting分析结果表明,12株抗体均可特异性结合糖化酶。其中6株单抗(McAb-2H4F9、6H9D8、8F2F11、8F2E9、1A8G6、1C4D5)细胞株采用体内诱生法制备的腹水效价均1∶1×10⁴以上。采用抗体叠加试验对这6株抗糖化酶单抗的抗原识别位点进行检测,反应增殖结果表明,6株单抗分别针对4类不同抗原位点,McAb-6H9D8和McAb-8F2F11针对第Ⅰ种抗原决定簇;McAb-1A8G6和McAb-1C4D5针对第Ⅱ种抗原决定簇;McAb-8F2E9针对第Ⅲ种抗原决定簇;McAb-2H4F9针对第Ⅳ种抗原决定簇。制备的抗体针对不同的抗原表位,为双抗夹心ELISA方法的建立提供前提。     

Ⅱ型猪圆环病毒Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

为了研究PCV2 Cap蛋白的检测方法,试验应用哈尔滨兽医研究所猪传染病研究室猪病分子诊断组已构建的基因工程重组菌NLS-Cap M15,经IPTG诱导表达获得原核表达Ⅱ型猪圆环病毒Cap蛋白,经亲和层析纯化后免疫6周龄Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选获得了3株分泌Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为2C3、2F3、1E10。结果表明:2C3、2F3均属于IgG1型,1E10属于IgG2a亚型,轻链都是κ链;经Western-blot检测,获得的3株单抗均可以特异性的识别Cap蛋白;ELISA检测其腹水效价均为1.0×105;间接免疫荧光检测单抗2C3、2F3、1E10反应均为阳性,表明这3株单抗能够识别PCV2病毒。     

鸭星状病毒单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为了制备针对鸭星状病毒(Duck astrovirus,DAstV)衣壳蛋白的单克隆抗体,以DAstV C-NGB株为免疫原,用ORF2重组蛋白作为抗原进行筛选,获得7株稳定分泌抗DAstV ORF2蛋白单抗的杂交瘤细胞。取E5C1株和C10F6株进行鉴定,结果表明,2株单抗均为IgM,轻链均为κ型;细胞上清和小鼠腹水的效价分别为10~5和10~6以上;免疫印迹试验表明,2株单抗均能识别重组ORF2蛋白;特异性试验表明,E5C1株杂交瘤细胞的培养上清只与DAstV反应。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性分析

分别用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和纯化的重组N蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备抗PRRSV N蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb)。用纯化的PRRSV免疫小鼠,经细胞融合获得2株可分泌特异性单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4B8、4D8。用重组N蛋白免疫的小鼠,经细胞融合获得3株可分泌特异性McAb的抗PRRSV N蛋白的杂交瘤细胞2F3、4D5、5D11。间接ELISA检测4D8、4B8、4D5和5D11杂交瘤上清效价为1∶32~1∶512,而2F3的腹水效价为1∶12 800。单抗2F3、4B8和4D8与纯化病毒的Western blotting反应都为阳性,而4D5和5D11为阴性。IFA检测结果5株单抗都有明显的荧光,与PRRSV呈阳性反应。2F3的Ig亚型为IgM。5株单抗杂交瘤细胞连续传代至20代,分泌相应McAb的效价基本一致。本研究为PRRSV生物学诊断和方法研究提供有用工具。     

猪源脑心肌炎病毒单克隆抗体研制与免疫学特性测定

利用纯化灭活的猪源脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,研制获得4株能稳定分泌抗EMCV抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1D1、2A2、2B6和4E2。经ELISA测定,细胞培养上清中抗体效价分别为1∶1 600,1∶6 400,1∶6 400和1∶3 200,小鼠腹水抗体效价分别为1∶1.63×106,1∶3.28×106,1∶1.13×106和1∶5.63×105。1D1和2A2单抗亚类为IgG1,2B6和4E2单抗亚类为IgG2b,轻链均为κ型。Western blot结果表明,1D1、2A2和4E2能特异性识别病毒的VP1蛋白,2B6能特异性识别病毒的VP2蛋白。间接免疫荧光试验证明,4株单抗具有良好的特异性,均能识别EMCV。本研究获得的4株特异性单抗,将为EMCV诊断方法的建立和病毒蛋白功能的研究奠定基础。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的研制及其应用

以真核表达的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）Cap蛋白所形成的病毒样颗粒作为免疫原,按照常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合。经间接ELISA法和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）筛选,总共获得了4株分泌抗PCV2 Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为7A6、3F2、3B7、1A6。4株单抗腹水效价均达到1:10⁵。IFA和免疫过氧化物酶单层实验结果显示,4株单抗均能与PCV2发生特异反应,与PCV1无交叉反应。PCV2 Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备,为猪圆环2型病毒抗原表位分析及其相关抗原抗体诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒4型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备猪圆环病毒4型(PCV4)Cap蛋白单克隆抗体,以原核表达的重组Cap蛋白免疫6～8周龄小鼠,三次免疫后取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合。利用亚克隆技术和间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法筛选到2株阳性单克隆杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为5H9和2F3。间接免疫荧光和Western blot试验表明,2株单抗均能特异性识别293T细胞中特异表达的Cap蛋白,且5H9和2F3的IFA效价分别为1∶12 800和1∶6 400。亚类鉴定结果表明,两株单抗重链均属于IgG1,轻链类型为kappa型。本研究制备的抗PCV4 Cap特异性单抗,为PCV4检测方法的建立和流行病学调查提供了有效的生物材料,也为该病毒的分离鉴定与Cap蛋白功能的探究奠定了基础。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)是一种严重危害人畜健康的虫媒病毒。表面囊膜蛋白(E蛋白)是该病毒的主要结构蛋白。本研究利用原核表达的乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2株结构蛋白E蛋白作为免疫原,免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠,采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术进行融合,经有限稀释法获得1株特异性针对JEV E蛋白的杂交瘤细胞,命名为5D4,经测定5D4单抗亚类属于IgG2a,轻链为κ链。经Western blot证实所得杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体可特异地与JEV E蛋白结合。结果表明,所制备的抗JEV E蛋白的单抗对病原检测具有很高的特异性,为JEV准确快速的病原诊断和JEV感染相关的基础性研究提供了物质基础。     

抗犬瘟热病毒血凝素蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备抗犬瘟热病毒(CDV)血凝素蛋白的单克隆抗体,以CDV弱毒株Onderstepoort免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合制备杂交瘤细胞。用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统表达的血凝素蛋白作为ELISA包被抗原,进行杂交瘤细胞筛选,获得3株阳性杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名3A8、3E4和1C7。经鉴定,抗体均为IgG1亚型,轻链为kappa链。杂交瘤细胞培养上清中抗体效价为1∶64~1∶256,腹水中抗体效价为1∶10~5~1∶10~7,病毒中和试验表明,3E4对CDV具有中和活性,腹水中抗体中和效价为1∶512。制备的单克隆抗体为CDV感染动物的治疗和基因工程抗体的开发奠定了基础。     

鹿流行性出血病病毒单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了更好的研究鹿流行性出血病病毒(EHDV)的生物学特性和建立EHDV免疫学检测方法,本研究用纯化的EHDV免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,有限稀释法克隆,获得了2株(1A5和8H6)能够稳定分泌抗EHDV单抗的杂交瘤细胞株.其细胞培养上清效价分别为1∶256和1∶512,腹水效价分别为1∶1 024 000和1∶2 048 000;McAb 1A5和8H6 的相对亲和力分别为0.9 mg/L和0.7 mg/L.间接ELISA结果显示,2株单抗仅与EHDV反应,不与蓝舌病病毒、赤羽病病毒、水疱性口炎病毒、小反刍兽疫病毒和BHK细胞反应,表明2株单抗特异性良好.这2株单抗的获得为研究EHDV生物学特性和建立EHDV检测方法奠定了基础.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.