Comparative efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and diminazene aceturate for the treatment of babesiosis in horses

The present work was conducted to study the comparative efficacy of two anti-protozoan (babesicidal) drugs on the recovery and health of horses. A total of 80 horses, showing typical clinical symptoms of the disease, were selected for this study; the presence of babesiosis was confirmed through blood smear examination. These animals were divided into two groups i.e. A and B. Horses of Group A, were treated with diminazene diaceturate, while horses of Group B were treated with diminazene aceturate. Efficacy of the drugs was determined by the reversal of clinical signs and a negative blood smear examination. The efficacy of diminazene diaceturate was demonstrated to be 80% while diminazene aceturate was found to have 90% efficacy against babesiosis.     

Use of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with/without diminazene diaceturate to treat naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni

Canine babesiosis is an important worldwide, tick-borne disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesia gibsoni is the predominant species that causes canine babesiosis in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a small pleomorphic intraerythrocytic parasite that can cause erythrocyte destruction and hemolytic anemia. Efficacy of oral administration of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with and without injections of diminazene diaceturate in the management of naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by B. gibsoni was evaluated retrospectively. The overall efficacy of this combination of doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole in conjunction with and without administration of diminazene diaceturate was 85.7% and 83.3%, respectively; with a mean recovery time of 24.2 and 23.5 days, respectively. Concomitant use of intramuscular diminazene diaceturate may not improve the efficacy of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination in management of canine babesiosis caused by B. gibsoni.     

Fumagillin, a new P-glycoprotein-interfering agent able to modulate moxidectin efflux in rat hepatocytes

We have tested the ability of two compounds licensed in veterinary medicine: fumagillin and diminazene diaceturate to increase intracellular moxidectin quantity in rat hepatocytes. These compounds significantly increased the quantity of 14C-moxidectin (expressed as area under the time curve concentrations) in cultured rat hepatocytes by 44% and 65% for diminazene and fumagillin treatments respectively. In addition, we have tested these drugs for their interference with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function in porcine kidney epithelial cells transfected with murine mdr1a (Mdr1a-LLCPK1). We examined the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) as a functional test to evaluate the effects of these two drugs on P-gp activity. In this model, only fumagillin led to a marked intracellular accumulation of Rho 123. After transforming the data to express the results as a percentage of the accumulation in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor valspodar (VSP), the maximal Rho 123 accumulation was 47% of that with VSP for 100 microm fumagillin. The EC50, the concentration needed to determine 50% of the maximal effect was 34 microm. Fumagillin interacts with P-gp function and appears as a promising compound among registered drugs available, which may optimize the therapeutic use of macrocyclic lactones (MLs).     

Concentrations of isometamidium chloride (Samorin®) in sera of Zebu cattle which showed evidence of hepatotoxicity following frequent trypanocidal treatments

The concentrations of isometamidium circulating in poorly nourished Zebu cattle which showed morbidity, mortality, and biochemical and histopathological evidence of hepatotoxicity, following frequent treatments with isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate were investigated using the isometamidium-ELISA. As few as two isometamidium treatments one month apart were associated with significant weight loss, and cattle treated with diminazene aceturate after three or four isometamidium treatments suffered a 50% mortality.
Although there were no obvious, marked elevations in isometamidium concentration which might have allowed the use of the ELISA as a predictor of a potential toxicity problem, concentrations did increase significantly with the number of monthly treatments administered, suggesting drug accumulation, and the increases were significantly higher in cattle to which diminazene had also been administered. In cattle treated with both trypanocides, weight loss and serum glutamate dehydrogenase levels were correlated with isometamidium concentrations. These observations, together with the histopathological findings, support the hypothesis that the morbidity and mortality observed were related to the repeated treatment with isometamidium in conjunction with diminazene aceturate, and that the pathogenesis involved a component of hepatic damage.
It is therefore recommended that cattle, particularly those under nutritional stress, are not subjected to repeated treatments with isometamidium at intervals as short as one month, and particularly not with concurrent administration of diminazene.     

Lymphocyte subsets and specific IgG antibody levels in clindamycin-treated and untreated dogs experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni

This study was carried out to clarify the role of lymphocyte subpopulations and Babesia-specific antibody on the treatment of clindamycin in dogs infected with B. gibsoni. Ten beagle dogs were divided into two groups: an untreated group (5 dogs) and a clindamycin-treated group (5 dogs), which was administered clindamycin at 25 mg/ kg body weight, per os, q 12 hr from 7 days to 21 days post-infection (PI). On the acute stage of infection, clindamycin treatment resolved anaemia and other clinical findings. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated dogs either in parasitemia levels or Babesial IgG antibody levels. However, morphological changes that indicated degeneration in the majority of parasites were observed. The numbers of CD4(+) showed a significant increase in treated dogs, especially after treatment. On the chronic stage, CD4(+) cells maintained high level both of the treated and untreated dogs. Although parasitemia maintained low level, their relapses were occurred on the 49th day PI in treated dogs and on the 42nd and 63rd PI in untreated dogs. A rapid humoral antibody response was observed in treated dogs, however, lower humoral antibody responses in untreated dogs after relapses. The antibody levels of treated dogs were significantly higher than those of untreated dogs. These results suggested that clindamycin might not eliminate rapidly parasites from peripheral blood, but damage parasites, which might stimulate efficiently humoral and cellular immunity against Babesia infection, and result in an improvement of clinical conditions.     

Treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis in pigs.

The therapeutic activity of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), diminazene aceturate (Berenil) and their combination against chronic trypanosomiasis was investigated in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections of growing pigs. DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally for 10 days), diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg in single intramuscular injection) and a combination of the two agents at the above dosages produced varied periods of aparasitaemia in the treated pigs. Relapse parasitaemia occurred in all treatment groups, with diminazene aceturate providing the longest relief period of 17 days, combination treatment 11 days and DFMO 6 days. The packed cell volume, blood haemoglobin concentration and red cell count values decreased after the pigs were infected with the parasites. The values improved following treatment with the agents and their combination.     

Increased erythrophagocytic activity of macrophages in dogs with Babesia gibsoni infection

To elucidate the mechanism of anemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs, the erythrophagocytic activity of macrophages in infected dogs was investigated in vitro. In the present study, macrophages obtained from peripheral blood (PB-macrophages) and bone marrow (BM-macrophages) of splenectomized dogs with chronic B. gibsoni infection were examined. The BM-macrophages in the splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis exhibited an increased erythrophagocytic activity compared with those from splenectomized, non-infected dogs. In the infected dogs, erythrophagocytic activities of macrophages against both auto- and iso-erythorcytes from normal dogs were almost the same. Administration of an anti-protozoal drug, diminazene diaceturate, resulted in a decrease of the erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages associated with an increase of the hematocrit value in splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis. In splenectomized dogs with acute babesiosis, erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages was also elevated. Such a phenomenon was not, however, observed in splenectomized dogs with onion-induced hemolytic anemia. These results suggest that the erythrophagocytic ability of macrophages in the infected dogs might be accelerated by parasites per se through an unknown mechanism, resulting in severe anemia in spite of low parasitemia.     

Chemotherapy of surra in horses and mules with diminazene aceturate

During June–July 2000, an outbreak of surra occurred on an equine breeding farm in Khonkaen Province, Thailand. Forty-two percent of pregnant mares aborted or gave stillbirth and 40% (19/47) of horses and 10% (1/10) of mules died from surra. In August 2000 Trypanosoma evansi were detected in the remaining animals (28 horses and nine mules) on the farm by blood smear and/or the haematocrit centrifuge technique. All animals were treated with diminazene aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg body weight by intramuscular injection on days 0 and 41 of the study. Blood samples of eight randomly selected horses and mules were collected on days 0, 1 and once a week until day 56 and examined for T. evansi by various parasitological techniques. The sera were tested for antibodies against T. evansi using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The results revealed that diminazene aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg appeared to be effective in the first treatment of horses and mules infected with T. evansi. Parasites were cleared from the peripheral blood of horses on days 1 and 7 and mules on days 1 and 14. Thereafter the number of positive animals increased. After the second treatment, 50% of horses and 25% of mules were still positive to surra 24 h after treatment demonstrating that diminazene had no protective effect. Mild to severe toxicity of diminazene was seen in the horses and mules after injection.     

苯甲酸和精油对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化状态和肠道微生物群的影响

本研究开展了3个饲养试验,旨在探讨苯甲酸和精油单独或联合使用对肉鸡生长性能、肠道微生物含量及肝脏抗氧化性能的影响。试验1和2均选择1日龄肉鸡450只,分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。对照组均饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验1处理组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮添加1.5和3 g/kg苯甲酸,试验2处理组肉鸡分别饲喂日粮添加2和4 mg/kg精油。试验3选择1日龄肉鸡300只,分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮添加1.5 g/kg苯甲酸和4 mg/kg精油。3个试验均开展42 d。结果：试验1,1.5 g/kg苯甲酸组较对照组和3 g/kg苯甲酸组显著提了21和42 d肉鸡的体重及1～21 d、22～42 d、1～42 d日增重（P＜0.05）,同时1.5 g/kg苯甲酸组各阶段肉鸡料重比最低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,苯甲酸处理组显著提高了盲肠乳酸菌含量（P＜0.05）,显著降低了盲肠大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）。试验2,基础日粮添加4 mg/kg植物精油组42 d肉鸡体重和日增重、盲肠乳酸菌含量（P＜0.05）,料重比和盲肠大肠杆菌数量最低（P＜0.05）。同时,植物精油组较对照组显著提高了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性（P＜0.05）,显著降低了肝脏丙二醛含量（P＜0.05）。试验3,处理组较对照组显著降低了嗉囊大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）。处理组肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加1.5 g/kg苯甲酸或4 mg/kg精油可以改善肉鸡生长性能,降低肠道有害微生物含量,而苯甲酸与精油无论是单独添加还是联合使用均可以提高肉鸡肝脏的抗氧化状态。 [关键词]苯甲酸|精油|肉鸡|生长性能|抗氧化|微生物     

Response of Trypanosoma congolense in goats to single and double treatment with diminazene aceturate.

Diminazene aceturate is one of a limited number of compounds currently marketed for treatment of trypanosomiasis in cattle, sheep and goats. The pharmacokinetics of the compound in goats suggest that double treatment with diminazene aceturate might enhance the compound's therapeutic activity. A study was therefore conducted in goats using two clones of Trypanosoma congolense, IL 3274 and IL 1180, which were previously shown to be resistant and sensitive, respectively, to single treatment with diminazene aceturate. The results indicated that, as compared to single treatment, double treatment with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.2 mg kg-1 bodyweight, at either eight or 24 hour intervals, did not greatly enhance the therapeutic activity of the drug. Furthermore, treatment with the same drug dose eliminated infections with T congolense IL 3274 when treatment was administered 24 hours after infected Glossina morsitans centralis had fed, but failed to do so if treatment was delayed until after goats were detected to be parasitaemic. This suggests that failure of T congolense IL 3274 to respond to treatment with diminazene may not be due to drug resistance per se.     

Comparative efficacy assessment of pentamidine isethionate and diminazene aceturate in the chemotherapy of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in dogs

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of diminazene aceturate (Berenil)--a standard veterinary trypanocide and pentamidine isethionate (PMI)--a human trypanocide was compared in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Also, the activities of the drugs on some serum liver enzymes were evaluated before and after treatment to ascertain the relative safety of the drugs. Fifteen local dogs (mongrels) were used for the study. Three of the dogs were uninfected controls, and twelve were infected with a stock of T. brucei brucei. Three of the infected dogs were untreated controls, three were given diminazene aceturate (DA) at 7 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly (i/m), another three received pentamidine isethionate (PMI) at 4 mg/kg i/m on days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 post infection (PI) and the remaining three dogs were also given same dose of PMI on days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 PI. Both trypanocides effectively cleared the parasites from the blood of the infected treated dogs. However, the infection subsequently relapsed at day 42 PI in one of the dogs in the DA treated group which later died at day 70 PI. Relapse infection was not recorded with the PMI treated groups although two dogs died in the PMI treated group II (treatment at days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 PI) without showing relapsed parasitaemia. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and haemoglobin (Hb) level which decreased significantly following infection, were reversed by the trypanocidal treatment. The reversal in the red cell values was faster in the PMI treated groups than in the DA treated group. The serum alkaline phosphate (SAP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased following infection and drug administration. The increase in the enzyme levels was greater in the DA treated groups than PMI treated groups. It was thus concluded that PMI given at 4 mg/kg i/m at days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 PI constituted a safe and efficient trypanocide and exhibited a superior trypanocidal action than DA in T. brucei brucei infected dogs.     

妊娠后期限饲对母羊肝脏功能及抗氧化的影响

本研究旨在评估母羊妊娠后期限饲对其肝脏功能及抗氧化性能的影响。试验选择平均体重为(52.82±2.72)kg的妊娠后期母羊(2~3胎次)36只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复2头羊。各组分别饲喂对照组日粮(代谢能:0.68 MJ/kg代谢体重/d)、处理1组日粮(代谢能:0.17 MJ/kg代谢体重/d)、处理2组日粮(代谢能:0.34 MJ/kg代谢体重/d),试验从妊娠90 d持续至140 d。结果:处理1组母羊肝脏脂肪含量较对照组和处理2组显著提高了288.03%和282.48%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组肝脏水分、灰分和蛋白质占比显著降低19.28%、44.32%和45.83%(P<0.05),但处理1组肝脏脂肪占比较对照组显著提高210.19%(P<0.05)。处理1组和处理2组血清非酯化脂肪酸含量较对照组分别提高199.94%和185.51%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组血清β-羟丁酸和肝脏甘油三酯含量显著提高392.45%和329.55%(P<0.05)。处理1组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化力活性较对照组显著提高103.32%、83.36%和75.85%(P<0.05),同时处理1组丙二醛含量较对照组和处理2组显著提高54.52%和67.31%(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠后期限制母羊采食量会导致肝脏重量和蛋白质含量下降,同时引起肝脏脂肪的积累,肝脏抗氧化功能失衡。     

The therapeutic efficacy of two antibabesial strategies against Babesia gibsoni

Various combination strategies for treating Babesia gibsoni have been described. However, relapses after administering some combinations of antibabesial drugs and the presence of drug-resistant B. gibsoni still pose significant challenges to veterinarians. To compare the efficacy of a combination of clindamycin, diminazene, and imidocarb (CDI) to that of a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin (AA) for the treatment of B. gibsoni and to correlate drug efficacy with B. gibsoni mutations, 30 client-owned dogs with natural B. gibsoni infections were collected in the study. 17 dogs were treated with AA, and 13 dogs were treated with CDI combination. Hematological parameters were recorded on the day that the dogs were presented for treatment and during treatment. To detect the parasitic DNA, the B. gibsoni 18S rRNA gene was amplified, and to analyze the mutations, the cytochrome b (CYTb) gene was sequenced. The therapy duration for all of the dogs that recovered was 23.3±7.8 days in the AA group and 41.7±12.4 days in the CDI group. Nine of the 17 dogs in the AA group and 11 of the 13 dogs in the CDI group completely recovered. Seven dogs in the AA group and 2 dogs in the CDI group relapsed after treatment. The M121I mutation in the B. gibsoni CYTb gene was detected in all of the samples that were collected from AA-relapsed and AA-nonremission dogs. The dogs in the CDI group exhibited higher recovery rates and lower relapse rates during treatment for B. gibsoni infection. In addition, the detected M121I mutation was associated with AA treatment. The CDI combination is a promising alternative treatment strategy for B. gibsoni.     

Care, husbandry and diseases of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus)

The African giant rat lives up to 14 years in captivity, reaching maximum body weights of approximately 2.80 kg in bucks and 1.39 kg in does. In Britain, the African giant rat is increasingly becoming a popular exotic pet. A survey was conducted on 41 licensed pet shops in the UK. The range of ages of giant rat presented for sale, single price per rat, paired prices (buck and doe) and transport costs were 4-12 weeks, pounds sterling 320-pounds sterling 370, pounds sterling 352.50-400.00 including VAT, and pounds sterling 10-37.50, respectively Ivermectin injected at 200-400 microg/kg subcutaneously once a week for 3 weeks will eliminate ectoparasites (and many endoparasites). Nematode infections can also be treated with fenbendazole or piperazine. Bladder threadworms can be treated with fenbendazole, protozoa with metronidazole (not in gravid does) and cestodes with praziquantel. Treatment of leptospirosis with doxycycline administered 4.29-5.36 mg once a week is useful prophylactically, although for insurance of effectiveness, 10 mg/kg for 5 days is recommended. An identical dosage is recommended for the treatment of rickettsia. African trypanosomosis infection, following diagnosis of parasites in a blood smear, can be treated with a variety of antiprotozoal drugs like diminazene diaceturate at 3.5 mg/kg for 5 days. Leishmaniasis is treated at the same dose. Staphylococcosis is treated with amoxycillian trihydrate at 5 mg/kg 3 times a day for 7 days. Helminthosis is treated with broad-spectrum deworming solution. Coccidiosis is treated with cotrimoxazole at 100 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are administered to combat secondary bacterial infection after viral invasion.     

Efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in dogs

The efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was studied in dogs. At the end of the experiment, bacteria could not be isolated from bone marrow of 15 of 16 (93.7%) dogs treated with clindamycin, whereas bacteria could not be isolated from similar specimens obtained from 6 of 13 (46.1%) untreated dogs. None of the 16 dogs treated with clindamycin had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis at the end of the experiment. Five of the 13 untreated control dogs had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis. The recovery rate was 31% in untreated dogs, whereas 94% of dogs treated with clindamycin recovered from osteomyelitis. Clindamycin, 11 mg/kg of body weight, given orally, q 12 h, for 28 days, was efficacious in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic S aureus osteomyelitis in dogs.     

Immunological changes in Babesia rodhaini infected BALB/c mice after treated with anti-babesial drug; diminazene diaceturate.

A model system capable of investigating immunological changes was first established in Babesia rodhaini infected mice with an aid of a drug, diminazene diaceturate (DD). Intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation with B. rodhaini resulted in acute death in euthymic (nu/+) and athymic (nu/nu) BALB/c mice. Treatment with DD at an early stage of infection saved both mice from acute death. Parasitemia recurred in some of them but resulted in death only in nu/nu mice. A re-challenge with 10(5) parasitized erythrocytes (PE) on the surviving mice on day 28 post infection revealed resistance in nu/+ but not in nu/nu mice. The results suggested a participation of the thymus in the protective mechanisms. Immunological changes were then observed on nu/+ and nu/nu mice which were inoculated ip with 10(4)PE and treated with the drug, and then challenged with 10(5)PE ip on day 28. An antibody response was measured with immediate reaction by footpad injection of a soluble antigen of B. rodhaini and by ELISA of serum antibody using the antigen and protein A, on day 10 and later, and further a pronounced response was detected after re-challenge in nu/+ mice. No response was detected by ELISA in nu/nu mice. Delayed footpad reaction was seen in nu/+ mice by day 14 and later but it was suppressed after the re-challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究

为探明化感物质香豆素的化感抑草作用机理,采用实验室培养皿生物监测法研究香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中主要生长和生理生化指标的影响,观察了种子和幼苗茎秆的超微组织结构变化。结果表明,与对照相比,香豆素显著降低了多花黑麦草种子的发芽势、根长、根干重、茎长和茎叶干重等生长指标(P<0.05);香豆素处理显著降低了吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性和叶绿素含量(P<0.05),同时显著提高了可溶性糖含量(P<0.05),以及4和6 d种子的蛋白质浓度(P<0.05);且在前期促进了多花黑麦草幼苗的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抑制了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,而后CAT降低,POD先升高后降低(P<0.05),淀粉含量升高。100 μg/mL的香豆素水溶液只能在多花黑麦草种子发芽和幼苗生长初期可以很大限度的起到抑制作用,但不足以使其致死。香豆素抑制种子胚乳养分的分解与供应,破坏胚乳细胞的细胞膜、细胞壁,同时可能使细胞失水而导致质壁分离。     

猪呼吸道疾病综合征中性粒细胞cAMP-PDE和血浆cAMP、IL-6、TNF-α的变化及中药疗效研究

本试验通过观察呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）病猪中性粒细胞（PMN）环磷酸腺苷磷酸二酯酶（cAMP-PDE）活性和血浆cAMP、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量的变化及自拟中药汤剂对其的影响与疗效,以期为呼吸道炎症的病理机制与中药防制积累资料。将PRDC病猪随机分组,治疗组灌服由芦根、黄芪、白芍、甘草组成的1 g生药/mL中药,1.5 mL/kg,每天2次,连续给药10 d。停药后取全血检测各组外周血白细胞数量;并分离PMN,HPLC法检测cAMP-PDE活性;ELISA试剂盒测定血浆中cAMP、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。与健康对照组相比,患病组白细胞数量显著升高（P<0.05）,cAMP-PDE活性和血浆TNF-α、IL-6含量均极显著升高（P<0.01）;治疗组TNF-α含量显著升高（P<0.05）。与患病组相比,治疗组的白细胞数量、cAMP-PDE活性和血浆TNF-α含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,IL-6极显著降低（P<0.01）。结果表明PRDC病猪存在外周血白细胞数量、PMN cAMP-PDE活性和血浆IL-6、TNF-α含量升高的异常变化,自拟中药汤剂能改善呼吸道病猪的临床症状,其作用机制与降低白细胞数量,抑制PMN cAMP-PDE活性和降低血浆IL-6、TNF-α含量相关。     

中西药治疗牛环形泰勒虫病的效果观察

托克逊县是牛环形泰勒虫病的疫区之一,准确诊断以及有效治疗是防控该病的要点。论文采用流行病学调查、实验室方法检测和临床诊断的方法综合确诊45头舍饲患牛作为研究对象。将45头阳性牛随机分为西药治疗组、中药治疗组以及空白组,按1、2、3、4、5d以及1周,分别对每组患牛进行临床症状观察、体温测定、血涂片观察、染虫率统计,评价治疗效果。结果表明,托克逊县夏乡5个镇散养户的194头牛血液涂片中62份有环形泰勒虫虫体;PCR检测有57份DNA样品得到与预期结果相同的534bp条带;临床诊断有45头牛表现为牛环形泰勒虫病症状;西药治疗组治愈率为93.33%(14/15)明显高于中药治疗组治愈率为73.33%(11/15)。西药组对于治疗环形泰勒虫病具有显著的效果,可为新疆有效治疗环形泰勒虫病提供参考。     

Posologic evaluation of clindamycin, using a canine model of posttraumatic osteomyelitis

Posttraumatic osteomyelitis attributable to Staphylococcus aureus infection was experimentally induced in 30 dogs, after which the dogs were treated with clindamycin at various dosage regimens. Of the regimens evaluated, oral administration of 11 mg of clindamycin/kg of body weight twice daily for 28 days was the most effective treatment for the osteomyelitis.