饲粮类型和肥育后期不添加维生素和微量矿物元素对猪生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质、粪中矿物元素排泄的影响

本研究共开展两个试验,探讨饲粮类型和不添加维生素和微量矿物元素对猪肥育后期生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质、粪中微量矿物元素排泄的影响。在试验1中,选用128头平均体重(78.5±4.6)kg的肥育猪,根据体重和性别分成4组,每组4圈(重复),每个重复8头猪。四组试验猪的试验处理为2×2因子设计,即两种类型(玉米-豆粕型和玉米-杂粕型)饲粮和添加或不添加维生素/微量矿物元素预混料。在试验2中,选用112头平均体重(90.3±6.3)kg的肥育猪,根据体重和性别分成4组,每组4圈(重复),每个重复7头猪。试验处理同试验1。结果显示,在79~110kg肥育期中(试验1),采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮的猪的增重速度和采食量显著高于采食玉米-杂粕型饲粮的猪(P<0.01或0.05)。在90~105kg肥育期中(试验2),采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮的猪的增重速度仍然高于采食玉米-杂粕型饲粮的猪(P<0.05)。但是,维生素和微量矿物元素添加与否对生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮类型和不添加维生素和微量矿物元素对胴体和肌肉品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。粪中微量矿物元素含量不受饲粮类型的影响(P>0.05),但不添加维生素和微量矿物元素时,粪中铜、铁、锰的含量显著降低(P<0.01),粪中锌含量也有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。对于生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质以及微量矿物元素排泄量,饲粮类型×维生素/微量矿物元素预混料的交互作用不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在猪的肥育后期(最后约25~40d),在玉米-豆粕型和玉米-杂粕型饲粮中可不添加维生素和微量矿物元素,从而可降低饲料成本和减少微量矿物元素的排泄。     

植酸酶对生长肥育猪生长性能的影响

植物性饲料中60%～80%的磷是以不被单胃动物利用或利用率极低的植酸磷形式存在。植酸是一种很强的络合剂,易与多种必需矿物元素离子,如钙、镁、铁、锰、锌等络合,形成难溶性植酸-金属络合物,从而影响这些矿物元素的吸收利用,使其生物学效价明显降低。植酸也可与蛋白质分子进行有效地络合,使蛋白质溶解性大大降低。同时它还能和动物消化道中的消化酶结合,使其活性降低,最终降低蛋白质、淀粉及脂类等营养物质消化吸收的利用率。植酸酶可以水解植酸磷,消除或降低其抗营养作用,释放出磷供动物利用,可以提高植物性饲料中磷的利用率,因此饲粮中添…     

日粮中添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪矿物元素利用的影响

对多数谷物,大约60～80％的总磷是以植酸盐形式存在,难于被非反刍动物所利用。植酸盐还可和其它矿物元素结合形成复杂的复合物,从而降低这些元素的利用率,其中与植酸盐结合力最强的有两种:锌和铜。还有研究发现,在锌补充不足时,锌与植酸盐结合后可降低动物生长速度和锌的利用率。     

低蛋白日粮添加氨基酸对生长肥育猪生长性能和氮排泄的影响

选用90头体重31kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,根据体重和性别分成3组,饲喂3种蛋白质水平日粮。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮蛋白水平,生长猪阶段分别为17%、14%和15%;肥育猪阶段分别为15%、13%和14%。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮按照猪理想氨基酸模式配制。结果表明,猪各个阶段的日增重与料重比差异都不显著（P〉0.05）;生长肥育猪试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组猪血清尿素氮都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;生长猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;各组各阶段猪舍内硫化氢质量浓度无显著差异（P〉0.05）;生长猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别显著降低15.7%（P〈0.05）和11.4%（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低15.2%（P〈0.05）和8.9%（P〉0.05）。     

日粮添加植酸酶及不同钙磷水平对生长肥育猪生长性能的影响

利用饲养试验和代谢试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,研究磷水平、钙磷比对猪生产性能的影响及磷水平×钙磷比互作效应,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重为20~60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60~100kg。将试验猪随机分配到6个处理中,每个处理设3个重复(3个栏),每个重复9头猪,公母各半。日粮磷水平在前期为0.4%和0.5%,后期为0.3%和0.4%;钙磷比例全程均为1∶1、1.3∶1和1.6∶1。试验基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、鱼粉、米糠组成,预混料中添加了植酸酶(活性为5000U,添加量为100g/d)。结果表明添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对猪生长期和肥育期的平均日增重和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

添加植酸酶降低钙磷比可提高生长肥育猪对磷的利用

在以玉米豆粕为基础的猪禽日粮中,大量以植酸形式存在的磷无法被动物有效地吸收利用,导致这一丰富的磷资源大量浪费,而另一方面为了提供动物必需的而常规饲料无法满足的磷的营养需要,又不得不额外添加昂贵的无机磷。因此,围绕植酸磷的转化利用,提高饲料总磷的可消化...     

蒙脱石对生长肥育猪生长性能和血清矿物元素含量及骨骼特征的影响

本研究探讨了日粮中添加不同水平蒙脱石对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清矿物元素含量和骨骼特征的影响。试验选用120头体重(34.79±3.42)kg健康杜×长×大三元杂交猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则,随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%、2.5%和5.0%蒙脱石的日粮,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验期56 d,分生长和肥育2个阶段饲养。结果表明:日粮中蒙脱石添加量达5.0%时会显著降低猪肥育阶段和试验全期日增重和饲料转化效率(P0.05);随日粮蒙脱石的添加水平升高,猪骨骼中钾、钠、镁、锌、铁、铜和锰的含量极显著减少(P0.01)。添加量达2.5%时,骨骼钙含量显著增加(P0.05),磷舍量也有增加的趋势(P0.05)。综上,日粮添加蒙脱石水平达到或高于2.5%时,会降低生长肥育猪生长性能,减少骨骼微量元素沉积。     

饲粮中添加植酸酶对猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

选用体重约30kg的杜长大三元杂交生长猪96头,随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复4头猪,公母各半。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D组为试验组(每千克饲粮分别以250、500、750U植酸酶取代基础饲粮中的40%、60%、80%磷酸氢钙)。以研究玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。42d的饲养试验结果表明:与对照组相比,B、C、D组的平均日增重分别提高了1.05%(P>0.05)、4.09%(P<0.05)、2.64%(P>0.05);料重比与对照组相比分别降低了2.18%、2.62%、1.75%;每千克增重的饲料成本分别是对照组的97.38%、97.03%和97.73%。血清中钙含量分别提高了4.22%、4.22%、8.12%(P<0.05);血清中磷含量分别提高了1.46%、0.36%、14.23%(P<0.05),其它生化指标各试验组间无明显差异。     

添加了植酸酶的生长肥育猪饲粮中粗蛋白质和磷水平对其钙磷代谢的影响

降低饲粮中粗蛋白质含量（CP）添加氨基酸可以减少猪氮的排泄量（O＇Shea et al.,2009）。降低饲粮磷含量添加植酸酶可以减少磷的排泄量（Sands et al.,2001）。但是,重要的是研究饲粮粗蛋白质和磷的交互作用对氮和矿物质利用率的影响,因为,     

生长肥育猪饲粮中添加甜菜碱的效果研究

１５０头杜长大中猪随机分为５组进行了甜菜碱饲喂效果试验，结果表明：①盐酸甜菜碱可明显促进肥育猪生长，当添加量为１０００、１２５０、１５００、１７５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，日增重分别比对照组提高３．５０％，５．６５％，７．７１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和１３．３２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；②添加盐酸甜菜碱１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ时可提高体瘦肉率５．７１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

The effect of microbial phytase on true and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in growing-finishing pigs

Ten 56-d-old, 15-kg barrows were surgically fitted with a postvalvular T-cecum cannula at the ileo-cecal junction to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase on apparent and true ileal AA digestibility and N utilization. A semipurified cornstarch- and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to contain 3.4 Mcal of DE/kg, 17.0% CP, 0.8% Ca, and 0.6% P but had a low phytate-P concentration (0.13%; all on an as-fed basis). Chromic oxide and dysprosium chloride were used as indigestible markers. The basal diet was supplemented with 0 or 1,000 phytase units/kg of microbial phytase. Postprandial plasma urea N and alpha-amino N concentrations, excretion of Ca, P, and N in feces and urine, and ileal AA digestibilities were determined 3 times at 4-wk intervals beginning at 70 d of age. The homoarginine (HA) method was used to determine endogenous AA flow by replacing 50% of the basal protein with guanidinated protein. Microbial phytase had no effect on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or on true ileal digestibilities of N and most AA but did increase AID for arginine (P = 0.006) and methionine (P = 0.037). However, in HA diets, phytase increased the AID of CP (P = 0.01) and several AA. Addition of microbial phytase had no effect on the postprandial alpha-amino N concentrations in plasma but increased overall plasma urea N concentrations (P = 0.035). Barrows fed phytase-supplemented diets had decreased P in feces (P = 0.003) and greater P in urine (P = 0.001) but comparable total P excretion compared with barrows fed no phytase-supplemented diets. In conclusion, the addition of phytase to a semi-purified soybean meal-based diet did not affect the AID of several AA. In addition, differences between the basal and HA diets in N digestibilities indicated that that guanidination may limit the use of the HA method in determining endogenous protein losses.     

Nutrient utilization and manure P excretion in growing pigs fed corn-barley-soybean based diets supplemented with microbial phytase

The effect of high levels of microbial phytase supplementation in diets for growing pigs was studied in a 2‐week performance and nutrient digestibility trial involving 28 growing pigs weighing 16.4 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) kg. Seven corn‐barley‐soybean meal‐based diets consisting of a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements; a negative control (NC) with non‐phytate P reduced by 0.1% unit from NRC requirement and fed without or with 500 or 1000 U/kg; a doubled negative control (DNC) with no added inorganic P and fed without or with 2000 or 4000 U/kg. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker and all diets were fed as mash. Pigs fed the PC diet had a higher P digestibility compared with those fed the NC (P < 0.02) and the DNC (P < 0.001) diets. Supplementing the NC diet with pyhtase tended to improve P digestibility (P < 0.10). However, addition of phytase to the DNC diet resulted in linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.03) increases in P digestibility with an overall improvement of 8% and 121% at 4000 phytase U/kg of diet, respectively, compared with the PC and DNC diets. Apparent total tract digestibility of N, OM and DM were higher (P < 0.05) in the PC diet compared with the DNC diet, but not the NC diet (P < 0.10). No effect of phytase addition to NC was observed on Ca, N, DM and OM digestibility. Phytase addition to the DNC diet resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in N, DM and OM digestibility but not Ca. Increasing the levels of phytase supplementation in the NC and the DNC diets linearly decreased fecal P (P < 0.05) content by 45 and 42%, respectively. Adding phytase at 1000 or 4000 U/kg increased P retention (P < 0.05) by 14.3 or 15.6% units, respectively, compared with the PC diet. Urinary P excretion was higher in the group fed the PC diet compared with those fed the NC and DNC diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that complete removal of inorganic P from growing pig diets coupled with phytase supplementation improves digestibility and retention of P and N, thus reducing manure P excretion without any negative effect on pig performance.     

Effects of microbial phytase, low calcium and phosphorus, and removing the dietary trace mineral premix on carcass traits, pork quality, plasma metabolites, and tissue mineral content in growing-finishing pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of phytase addition, reduced Ca and available P (aP), and removing the trace mineral premix (TMP) on growth performance, plasma metabolites, carcass traits, pork quality, and tissue mineral content in growing-finishing swine. One hundred twenty cross-bred pigs (initial and final BW of 22 and 109 kg, respectively) were allotted to five dietary treatments on the basis of weight within gender in a randomized complete block design. There were three replications of barrows and three replications of gilts, with four pigs per replicate pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) C-SBM with reduced Ca and aP, 3) C-SBM with reduced Ca and aP plus 500 phytase units/kg of diet, 4) Diet 1 without the TMP, and 5) Diet 3 without the TMP. The Ca and aP were reduced by 0.10% in the low Ca and aP diets and the diets with added phytase. Daily gain, hot carcass weight, dressing percent, kilograms of carcass lean, bone ash percent, and bone strength were decreased (P = 0.10), but liver and kidney weight were increased (P = 0.10) in pigs fed diets with reduced Ca and aP; adding phytase reversed these responses (P = 0.10). The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage L* was decreased (P = 0.09) in pigs fed the low Ca and aP diet plus phytase relative to those fed the control diet. Removing the TMP had no effect on overall growth performance, but it increased (P = 0.03) 10th-rib backfat thickness and fasting glucose and decreased (P = 0.03) carcass length and ham weight. Liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of final BW were not affected when phytase was added to the control diet, but removing the TMP increased liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of final BW; adding phytase reversed these responses (phytase x TMP, P = 0.06). Removing the TMP decreased (P = 0.08) Zn concentrations in the bone, muscle, and liver, and Cu and Fe concentrations in the bile but increased (P = 0.08) Mn concentrations in the bile and liver of pigs. The addition of phytase reversed the negative effects of the reduced Ca and aP diets. These data indicate that removing the TMP in diets for growing-finishing pigs has no negative effects on growth performance or pork quality, but it had negative effects on carcass traits and had variable effects on tissue mineral content.     

非淀粉多糖酶对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本研究主要通过生长育肥猪的饲养试验,观察日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶(Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme,NSP酶)对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。试验选择体质量约为40kg的杜长大三元杂交猪48头,公母各半。本试验随机分为2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,NSP酶组饲喂基础日粮+0.6%NSP酶。结果表明:(1)生长性能方面,NSP酶组的平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了9.8%和4.7%;NSP酶组的料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),降低了5.0%;(2)在胴体性状和背最长肌化学组成方面,NSP酶组眼肌面积比对照组显著提高(P<0.05),提高了9.8%;与对照组相比,滴水损失和剪切力2个指标分别降低了2.0%和14.6%,但在统计学上未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。结果显示,基础饲粮中添加NSP酶能有效提高生长育肥猪生长性能,并在一定程度上改善肉品质。     

Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs

The overall objective of the studies reported here was to evaluate the growth and nutrient utilization responses of pigs to dietary supplementation of phytate- or nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. In Exp. 1, growth performance and nutrient digestibility responses of forty-eight 10-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of phytase or a cocktail of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP) alone or in combination were evaluated. The growth response of one hundred fifty 23-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of phytase or xylanase individually or in combination was studied in Exp. 2 in a 6-wk growth trial, whereas Exp. 3 investigated the nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention responses of thirty 24-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of the same enzymes used in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the pigs were used in a 28-d feeding trial. They were blocked by BW and sex and allocated to 6 dietary treatments. The treatments were a positive control (PC) diet; a negative control (NC) diet marginally deficient in P and DE; NC with phytase added at 500 or 1,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg; NC with xylanase at 2,500 units (U)/kg, amylase at 400 U/kg, and protease at 4,000 U/kg; and NC with a combination of phytase added at 500 FTU/kg and XAP as above. In Exp. 2 and 3, the 5 dietary treatments were positive control (PC), negative control (NC), NC plus 500 FTU of phytase/kg, NC plus 4,000 U of xylanase/kg, and NC plus phytase and xylanase. In Exp. 1, low levels of nonphytate P and DE in the NC diet depressed (P < 0.05) ADG of the pigs by 16%, but phytase linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG by up to 24% compared with NC. The cocktail of XAP alone had no effect on ADG of pigs, but the combination of XAP and phytase increased (P < 0.05) ADG by 17% compared with the NC treatment. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in Ca and P digestibility in response to phytase. In Exp. 2, ADG was 7% greater in PC than NC (P < 0.05); there were no effects of enzyme addition on any response. In Exp. 3, addition of phytase alone or in combination with xylanase improved (P < 0.05) P digestibility. Phosphorus excretion was greatest (P < 0.01) in the PC and lowest (P < 0.05) in the diet with the combination of phytase and xylanase. The combination of phytase and xylanase improved P retention (P < 0.01) above the NC diet to a level similar to the PC diet. In conclusion, a combination of phytase and carbohydrases improved ADG in 10-kg but not 23-kg pigs, but was efficient in improving P digestibility in pigs of all ages.     

玉米酒精糟和复合酶对生长育肥猪血液生化指标和肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在探讨生长育肥猪饲粮中添加一定量的玉米酒精糟(DDGS)和复合酶对生长育肥猪血液生化指标和肠道健康的影响。150头70日龄杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪,根据体重和性别随机分成3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10头猪,进行两阶段饲养。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验1组和2组在生长期和育肥期饲料中分别以10%和15%的玉米DDGS替代部分玉米和豆粕,试验2组添加200 g/T的复合酶。于试验开始后的第24,48,70和90天,每栏随机选取一头猪,直肠无菌采集粪样以检测其中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌的数量。试验结束时,每栏随机选取一头猪进行屠宰,采集血液和组织样品,进行血液生化指标的测定和小肠形态的观察。结果显示,添加玉米DDGS和复合酶对肝、脾指数和血液AKP、γ-GT、GOT和GPT水平没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组猪的十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比值大于对照组,且试验2组在育肥期达到显著水平(P<0.05)。试验2组育肥期粪样中乳酸菌数量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),试验1组生长期粪样中大肠杆菌数量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,本研究中玉米DDGS的添加量不仅没有对生长育肥猪的肠道形态和肝脏等器官产生明显的毒害作用,而且结合复合酶的使用有利于提高十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比值,一定程度上促进了生长育肥猪后肠中乳酸菌的生长,抑制了大肠杆菌的生长,有助于维持肠道健康。     

DDGS对生长育成猪的生产性能及胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在研究DDGS对生长育成猪的生产性能和胴体品质的影响。432头体重为29.8±0.2kg的育成猪被随机分成1-9个日粮组,分别为对照组（D0）,D15-0wk,D15-3wk,D15-6wk,D15-9wk,D30-0wk,D30-3wk,D30-6wk和D30-9wk,其中D0、D15和D30分别代表DDGS在猪日粮中的百分含量;0wk、3wk、6wk和9wk代表在屠宰0、3、6和9周前分别取消DDGS在猪日粮的添加时间。结果显示,当生长育成猪日粮中的DDGS含量为15%或30%时,不管屠宰前是否取消DDGS的添加,除了D30-0wk处理组的猪的ADG比对照组（D0）稍降外（0.87：0.92kg/d;P〈0.05）,其他处理组猪的ADG、ADFI和G：F均没有显著差异（P=0.76）。DDGS的不同含量或屠宰前取消DDGS的添加时间（0周、3周、6周和9周）对猪胴体质量、背最长肌（LM）猪肉品质、背脂和腹脂颜色评分分数没有显著影响（背脂,P=0.47;腹脂,P=0.17）。相对对照组,D30-0wk组的腹部猪肉嫩度稍低（P=0.04）,其他处理组猪的腹部猪肉嫩度与对照组的差别均不大（P=0.26）。当增加猪日粮中的DDGS含量时,腹脂的亚油酸含量（C18：2;P〈0.001）和碘值（IV;P〈0.001）有所增加。当猪日粮中含有15%DDGS时,在屠宰前的0～9周取消DDGS添加可以线性的降低猪腹脂的C18：2含量和腹脂碘值（屠宰前的第0-、3-、6-和9周的腹脂C18：2含量分别为：14.6%、13.3%、12.6%、10.9%;P=0.001;碘值分别为：67.3、64.4、64.1和62.7）;而当猪的日粮中含有30%DDGS时,在屠宰前0～9周取消DDGS的添加也可以线性的降低猪腹脂的C18：2含量和腹脂碘值（屠宰前的第0-、3-、6-和9周的腹脂C18：2含量分别为：17.3%、16.1%、14.2%和12.4%;P〈0.001;碘值分别为：71.2、68.2、64.5和62.7）。总体来看,当在生长育肥猪中添加高达30%DDGS对猪的生产性能有极小影响,且在屠宰前的3周取消在猪日粮中的DDGS的添加可以降低猪腹脂的C18：2含量和碘值。     

Effects of a new recombinant phytase on performance and mineral utilization of laying ducks fed phosphorus-deficient diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a new phytase supplementation in Jinding laying ducks fed different concentrations of non-phytate P (NPP) on production performance, mineral retention, and bone and plasma minerals. A 14-wk experiment was conducted using 200-d-old female laying ducks. A total of 1,000 laying ducks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and fed 5 diets: a control diet that contained an adequate concentration of NPP (0.45%) and 4 diets that were deficient in NPP (0.38, 0.32, 0.25, and 0.18%, respectively) but supplemented with phytase at 500 U/kg. Decreasing the NPP content from 0.45 to 0.18% in the diets with phytase supplementation had no detrimental effects on performance. However, Cu and Zn retention was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for laying ducks consuming the 0.18% NPP diet with phytase supplementation. Likewise, laying ducks fed the 0.18% NPP diet had a significant reduction in bone ash, Ca, P, and Cu contents, and in serum P and Cu (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decrease in NPP content in the diet with phytase supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) P retention. Therefore, with the supplementation of this novel phytase at 500 U, it is possible to reduce dietary concentrations of NPP to 0.25% and maintain the normal performance of laying ducks.     

Water-soluble phosphorus excretion in pigs fed diets supplemented with microbial phytase

Three experiments were conducted to compare the excretion of water-soluble phosphorus (P) of starter, grower, and finisher pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient basal diet containing no added inorganic P (B), P-adequate diet (the basal diet with added dicalcium phosphate; B + P), the basal diet plus 500 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 500), or the basal diet plus 1000 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 1000). There were 6 barrows per diet, in a randomized complete block design, with an average initial body weight of 10.4, 20.0, or 51.1 kg for each of starter, grower, and finisher pigs in the three phosphorus balance experiments, respectively. In the experiments, the addition of dicalcium phosphate or phytase to the basal diet increased ( P  < 0.05) the digestibility and retention of P, and there were linear reductions ( P  < 0.05) in water-soluble P excretion as a result of supplementing the basal diet with phytase. In the starter pig experiment, phytase addition at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 28 or 42%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. In the grower pig experiment, adding phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 24 or 34%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. The use of phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 11 or 30%, respectively in the finisher pig experiment. The proportion of water-soluble phosphorus in total phosphorus was not affected by dietary treatment in any of the three experiments. In conclusion, adding phytase at 1000 units/kg to a corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient diet basal diet containing no added inorganic P compared with B + P diet reduced the daily excretion of water-soluble P in starter, grower, and finisher pigs by 42, 34, and 30%, respectively.     

亚麻籽对生长育肥猪抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的亚麻籽对生长育肥猪生长指标、血清和肌肉抗氧化指标及肉品质的影响.试验将576头体重接近的16周龄生长猪分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复24头.试验育肥猪在26周龄出栏,整个试验期间3组分别饲喂亚麻籽添加水平为0、1％和2％的配合饲料.结果:1％和2％亚麻籽组育肥猪生长前期(16～20周)的...