奶牛子宫复旧的扫描电镜观察

子宫复旧是指母畜分娩后其子宫恢复到未孕时的状态和功能的生理过程。奶牛子宫复旧的速度及程度是决定奶牛产后繁殖力高低的主要因素。奶牛产后首次发情、排卵时间的早晚及胚胎能否附植都与子宫复旧状态有非常密切的关系，如果子宫复旧延迟，可影响奶牛产后发情、排卵及再次妊娠，所以     

Morphometric and histochemical study of involution in the rat uterus after parturition

Morphological changes to and collagen loss from the rat uterus during postpartum involution were investigated. The expression patterns of collagen type III and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also determined. Morphological changes were studied on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 22 and 25 postpartum. As a control, diestrus rats’ uterine were used. Specimens from the uterine horn were embedded in paraffin, cut into 8 µm coronal sections, and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. The thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers and of the endometrium were measured. The collagen content was determined using hydroxyproline analysis. Immunostaining was used to examine the expression of collagen type III on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum; and MPO on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 22 postpartum. The thickness of the smooth muscle layers was found to decrease rapidly postpartum: the circular smooth muscle layer returned to that of a non‐pregnant, control uterus by day 5 postpartum and the longitudinal smooth muscle layer by day 15 postpartum. Eosinophilic cells were observed in the endometrial stroma adjacent to the myometrium on days 10, 15 and 20 postpartum, and were confirmed as collagenous cells. Immunostaining identified collagen type III positive cells in the vessel‐rich layer adjacent to the placental site on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum, and these cells were confirmed to be phagocytic. Postpartum reduction in the weight of the uterus was accompanied by decreases in both the collagen content and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Furthermore, the phagocytic cells were shown to express MPO during postpartum involution of the uterus.     

Prolapsed uterus in the cow

Abstract

Extract

Sir,—In his clinical communication on reposition of the prolapsed uterus in the cow, Irvine (1964) Irvine, C. H. G. 1964. N.Z. vet. J., 12: 63–63. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] stated that he “believes that the intestine is contained in all but the smallest prolapses“.     

Pregnancy in a cow with uterus didelphys

Uterus didelphys is a congenital defect of monotocous species. This short contribution describes the condition in a cow that had a pregnancy in the right horn and a corpus luteum on the ipsilateral ovary. This finding demonstrates that pregnancy can occur in a cow with uterus didelphys, although the fate of the pregnancy was obviously not known. The case was identified during routine collection of reproductive tracts in a New Zealand abattoir. It is believed to be the first report of uterus didelphys in a bovine abattoir specimen.     

Electrical activity of the bovine uterus prior to and post parturition

Recordings of electrical activity of six different areas of the uterus were obtained from two pregnant cows before and after delivery of their calves. Periods of activity occurred as spike bursts of potentials which occupied 52% of the recording time before delivery and 92% at the expulsive phase. The mean duration of the bursts was nearly doubled in the last ten hours prior to parturition without changes in their frequency. After delivery, the activity of the uterus occupied 25% of the recording time and consisted of long-lasting periods of spike bursts whose frequency was nearly halved.The alternation of periods of activity and quiescence represents the basic motility pattern of the pregnant uterus. Periods of quiescence are shortened at the time of expulsion and become predominant in the empty uterus, a phenomenon paralleled by changes in the temporal organisation of the number of spike bursts with the periods of activity.     

奶牛产后子宫内细菌内毒素与子宫内膜炎的关系

试验通过对15头经严怀孕奶牛,严后1～9d提取严后子宫内容物样品,进行子宫内细菌内毒素的测定,探讨产后子宫内细菌内毒素与产后子宫内膜炎的关系。结果显示,产后第3～9天,子宫内细菌内毒素升高极显著（P〈0．01）的奶牛,经后来的调查发现发生子宫内膜炎。初步认为通过早期检测产后子宫内细菌内毒素的方法为预测子宫是否发生感染提供一定的依据。     

Reposition of prolapsed uterus in the cow

Extract

The dismay which is evoked by the sight of a totally prolapsed and swollen uterus is familiar to all large-animal practitioners. The prolapsed horn (simultaneous individual prolapse of both horns is not possible because of the intercornuate ligament) is frequently 8 to 10 in. in diameter and its reposition requires Herculean efforts. If, as often happens, the animal is unable to rise, owing to concurrent hypocalcaemia or other causes, the difficulties and discomforts associated with reposition are greatly increased. Facilities for raising the cow's hindquarters are commonly not available and, even where they are, this manoeuvre can be very time-consuming.     

Partial uterine prolapse associated with uterine foreign body in a cow

After correction of partial uterine prolapse in a Holstein cow, a 6-cm-long twig was found deep in the affected uterine horn. The twig was removed, and calcium-dextrose and penicillin G were administered. Recovery was unremarkable. Other reports of uterine foreign bodies in cows are scarce and do not describe uterine foreign bodies associated with uterine prolapse or invagination.     

Use of a modified-live vaccine to prevent persistent testicular infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus

A commercial vaccine containing modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; types 1 and 2) was administered to one group of 22 peripubertal bulls 28 days before intranasal inoculation with a type 1 strain of BVDV. A second group of 23 peripubertal bulls did not receive the modified-live BVDV vaccine before intranasal inoculation. Ten of 23 unvaccinated bulls--but none of the vaccinated bulls--developed a persistent testicular infection as determined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Results of this study indicate that administration of a modified-live vaccine containing BVDV can prevent persistent testicular infection if peripubertal bulls are vaccinated before viral exposure.     

Myometrial activity during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in the cow

Myometrial activity was monitored during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in 8 Holstein dairy cattle, using strain gauge transducers. Four gauges were attached to the serosal surface of the gravid uterine horn, dividing it into thirds. Parturition was induced in 2 of 4 heifers and 2 of 4 cows (group 1); the remaining animals were allowed to calve spontaneously (group 2). Chains of low-amplitude contractions (repeated small deviations from base line) were detected before parturition was induced, and these were more common at distended parts of the uterus. Uncharacteristically sharp peaks followed by small rhythmic contractions, during preinduction recording, indicated that the myometrium was responsive to fetal movement even several days before parturition. By 18 hours before parturition, discrete single contractions appeared independently of contraction chains, and the first tubocervical peristaltic contraction waves were detected. The mean area under recorded contraction curves (uterine work) increased quadratically and the frequency of contractions decreased linearly from 12 hours before parturition to 2 hours after parturition. There was also an increase in the proportion of tubocervical waves over this period, and contraction chains were no longer present. During the second stage of labor, distended and undistended parts of the uterus were equally active, and forceful maternal straining was associated with larger sustained contractions. Fetal membrane rupture was accompanied by a doubling in the rate of passage of contraction waves along the length of the uterus. After the calf was expelled, contractions became extremely regular, and the majority progressed in a tubocervical direction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

牛慢性子宫内膜炎的治疗

牛子宫内膜炎是一种常见病,也是造成母牛不孕的原因之一。近年来,笔者采用植物油加抗生素混合剂输入子宫的方法治疗牛慢性子宫内膜炎数十例,取得了很好疗效,愈后冷配情期受胎率达90%以上。具体方法是:在子宫内渗出物不多时,无需冲洗子宫,只需向子宫内注入植物油加抗生素混合剂20毫升,每日1次,连用3日。植物油加抗生素混合剂的配方为青霉素40万国际单位、红霉素0.6克、链霉素200万国际单位、植物油20毫升。注意植物油加抗生素混合剂要现用现配,并要搅拌均匀。牛慢性子宫内膜炎的治疗@董延江$辽宁省畜牧兽医科学研究所!辽宁辽阳111000…     

Use of a box to prevent agonistic behavior after regrouping in isolated and non-isolated pigs

The effects of a box in the pen on the agonistic behavior of pigs after regrouping was determined in 24 pigs from five litters that were kept in three pens after weaning. For the experiment, the pigs were allocated to six pens with four animals each and kept with their peers for 2 weeks. The lightest pig from each pen was removed and isolated for 2 weeks, and then regrouped with its original peers. At the time of regrouping, half of the pens were equipped with the box. The number and duration of agonistic behavior events were particularly large and long in the pen without a box on the first day after regrouping, and for the isolated pig on the first day (all P  < 0.05). The number of times the box was accessed was large for the isolated pig on the first day after regrouping ( P  < 0.01). The number of agonistic behavior events and the times the box was accessed was correlated on the first day after regrouping ( r _s = 0.79, P  < 0.01). The number of agonistic behavior events on the first day after regrouping was greater in the pens without a box than in the pens with a box ( P  < 0.01). It was suggested that the box had the effect of reducing agonistic behavior after regrouping.