二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗药性预测研究

阿维菌素以其新型的作用机制,已成为防治二斑叶螨的主要药剂。因此,预测抗药性是否产生及何时产生,成为当务之急。以选择压力为约杀死种群60%的剂量,对二斑叶螨进行室内汰选,每隔5代用玻片浸渍法对种群进行测定,求得毒力回归方程。结果表明,室内该螨对阿维菌素抗性发展较快,汰选至20代时抗性指数为8.09。并且,种群中已有抗性纯合子个体存在。     

阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配对朱砂叶螨的联合作用

室内测定了阿维菌素和橡胶籽油对朱砂叶螨的毒力及其复配剂的联合作用。结果表明，阿维菌素和橡胶籽油对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的LC50分别为0.01 μg/ml和1311.81 μg/ml；阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配对朱砂叶螨成螨增效作用显著，共毒系数最高为293.90；阿维菌素及其与橡胶籽油最优复配剂对经药剂处理螨卵孵化的若螨具有显著的杀灭活性，且相同浓度下复配剂显著优于阿维菌素单剂，但两药剂对螨卵的直接毒杀活性均很低。阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配剂这一高效、安全生物农药在害螨防治中极具应用前景。     

果树二斑叶螨的发生与防治

一、发生规律1.生活史和习性以雌成螨在树干翘皮下、粗皮裂缝内、杂草、落叶以及土缝中越冬。在陕西省千阳地区,4月上旬开始出蛰,中下旬为出蛰盛期。成螨先在树下阔叶杂草或果树根蘖上取食、产卵繁殖,然后上树为害。当平均气温升至13℃左右时开始产卵,平均每头雌成螨产卵100粒,经过15天左右卵孵化,5月初为第一代卵孵化盛期,发生较整齐,以后则世代重叠,螨态混杂。麦收后高温干旱严重时螨量急剧上     

氮沉降对湿地松林土壤呼吸的影响

为了阐明湿地松林土壤呼吸对氮沉降响应的变化规律以及氮沉降是否改变土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数,运用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定模拟氮沉降4种不同处理水平[0、5、15、30 g/(m2?a)]下湿地松林(Pinus elliottii)的土壤呼吸速率及土壤温、湿度。结果表明：湿地松林土壤胡须呈明显季节变化,7月最高,1月最低。各处理土壤呼吸年累积量为：对照(CK)[5.28±1.02 t/(hm2?a)]、低氮[LN 4.51±0.64 t/(hm2?a)]、中氮[LN 4.66±0.51 t/(hm2?a)]和高氮[HN 4.20±0.43 t/(hm2?a)]。全年对照处理土壤呼吸速率平均值为CK[1.44±0.28 μmol/(m2?s)]比各氮沉降处理LN[1.20±0.17μmol/(m2?s)]、MN[1.24±0.13μmol/(m2?s)]、HN[1.11±0.11μmol/(m2?s)]高16.6%、13.8%、22.9%。土壤呼吸速率与10 cm土壤温度呈显著相关正指数关系(P<0.01),相关性指数(R2)在0.6049~0.7557之间,湿地松林在各处理氮沉降下温度敏感性系数分别为LN(1.72)、MN(1.75)、HN(1.79)同对照(2.35)相比有降低趋势。土壤呼吸与5 cm土壤湿度之间呈二次方程关系,但相关性不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,氮沉降是影响湿地松林CO2通量的一个重要因子。     

联合应用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯防治草莓二斑叶螨效果较好

正近年来,北京市植物保护站等单位研究人员研究了新型杀螨剂丁氟螨酯对叶螨天敌智利小植绥螨的毒性、对智利小植绥螨繁殖的影响以及两者联合应用对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨的毒性很低,即使在400mg/L的     

4种药剂对二斑叶螨的室内毒力和田间防效

采用玻片浸渍法测定了依维菌素等4种药剂对二斑叶螨雌成螨的室内毒力,并进行了防治二斑叶螨的田间药效试验。室内测定结果表明,几种药剂对二斑叶螨的毒力顺序为:依维菌素>甲氰菊酯>高效氯氟氰菊酯>螺虫乙酯,其中依维菌素对二斑叶螨的室内毒力最高,其LC50值为0.01 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,0.5%依维菌素乳油9、18 g/hm²用量,药后3、7、10天对二斑叶螨的防治效果在90%以上,可作为防治二斑叶螨雌成螨的首选药剂。     

4种药剂对二斑叶螨的室内毒力和田间防效

采用玻片浸渍法测定了依维菌素等4种药剂对二斑叶螨雌成螨的室内毒力,并进行了防治二斑叶螨的田间药效试验。室内测定结果表明,几种药剂对二斑叶螨的毒力顺序为:依维菌素甲氰菊酯高效氯氟氰菊酯螺虫乙酯,其中依维菌素对二斑叶螨的室内毒力最高,其LC50值为0.01 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,0.5%依维菌素乳油9、18 g/hm~2用量,药后3、7、10天对二斑叶螨的防治效果在90%以上,可作为防治二斑叶螨雌成螨的首选药剂。     

紫花苜蓿铝激活苹果酸转运蛋白基因的克隆与亚细胞定位

为揭示紫花苜蓿耐铝机理,根据已知的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L)与铝胁迫相关的EST序列,运用RACE技术获得了紫花苜蓿铝激活苹果酸转运蛋白基因的全长cDNA,命名为MsALMT1,这一全长cDNA为1 638 bp,包含一个1 344 bp的最大开放阅读框,编码448个氨基酸,BLAST比对发现,Ms...     

10种杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病菌和炭疽病菌毒力测定的研究

以MRS为基础培养基,接种嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌各0.05%,研究了改良MRS培养基和在发酵期间添加缓冲剂对乳酸菌增殖的影响。结果表明：往液体MRS基础培养基中添加1%的胡萝卜汁、1.5%的麦通过不同杀菌剂对苹果炭疽病菌和轮纹病菌的毒力测定分析,为田间高效的防治药剂筛选及配套的田间防病技术研究提供重要依据。本研究利用菌丝生长抑制法测定了戊唑醇等10种杀菌剂对两种病原菌的抑菌毒力。结果表明：430 g/L戊唑醇SC对两种病原菌的防效好,EC50分别为0.952 μg/mL和0.411 μg/mL,但对苹果轮纹病菌的EC90值93.836 μg/mL明显低于对苹果炭疽病菌的EC90值487.738 μg/mL。50%异菌脲WP和70%代森联WG对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制效果较好,EC50分别为0.586 μg/mL和10.650 μg/mL,但对苹果炭疽病菌的抑制效果并不理想;而250 g/L嘧菌酯SC和75%百菌清WP对苹果炭疽病菌的抑制效果较好,EC50分别为0.0814 μg/mL和7.313 μg/mL,对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用不理想。     

安徽省玉米小斑病菌对5种杀菌剂的敏感性差异显著

<正>安徽农业大学植物保护学院进行的一项研究结果显示,该省玉米小斑病菌对5种杀菌剂的敏感性差异显著。为明确安徽玉米小斑病菌对常用杀菌剂的敏感性现状,研究者从安徽省的主要玉米产区分离到9个代表性玉米小斑病菌菌株,采用生长速率法测定了其对常用5种杀菌剂的敏感性。     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 5. raising the resistance level by the exploitation of transgression

summary After crossing partially resistant varieties some lines with a markedly higher resistance level were selected. This transgression for resistance indicates a polygenic inheritance of the resistance. On the most resistant F₅ lines selected, oviposition was reduced by 50 to 60% and the economic damage threshold was reached 5 to 8 weeks later than in the susceptible control. The level of acceptance was not influenced by the selection.The selection of individual F₂ plants was hampered by low heritabilities, whereas the heritabilities of F₃- and subsequent line means were generally high enough. Selection for higher resistance levels was attended by an unintended increase in cucurbitacin content. This is explained by linkage of genes for resistance and bitterness rather than by identity of these genes.     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 4. The genuineness of the resistance

Summary For several generations subpopulations of the twospotted spider mite were reared on cucumber varieties previously selected as partially resistant. Subsequently resistance tests were carried out in the laboratory and the glasshouse with mites from these subpopulations and concurrently with mites from a basic population reared on a susceptible cucumber line. In these tests neither acceptance nor net reproduction or damage index on the partially resistant varieties depended on the kind of mite populations used as inoculum. Therefore it is concluded that the resistance is genuine. The stability of the resistance is discussed.     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 3. Search for sources of resistance

Summary After a first screening of 800 cucumber varieties, a laboratory test and a practical test, the following nine varieties have been selected for their distinguishable level of resistance to the twospotted spider mite: PI 220860, Hybrid Long Green Pickle, PI 178885, Ohio MR 200, Taipei no 1, Robin 50, Aodai, PI 163222 and PI 218036. Besides resistance tolerance for the twospotted spider mite also appears to occur. Related Cucumis species do not seem to possess higher levels of resistance than the most resistant C. sativus varieties. The resistance-parameters acceptance and reproduction appear to be positively correlated. On resistant varieties the metabolism of the spider mites is clearly disturbed, but this seems not to be caused mainly by bitter principles.     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 1. The role of plant breeding in integrated control

Summary The role of plant breeding and particularly of host plant resistance in integrated control is discussed. Host plant resistance to insects and mites, especially to Tetranychus urticae is reviewed. A standard terminology for disease and pest resistance is recommended.     

Resistance of Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 6. Comparison of near isogenic bitter and non-bitter varieties for resistance

Summary The bitter cucumber variety Improved Long Green did not differ in resistance to the twospotted spider mite from its near isogenic non-bitter mutant, the source of all non-bitter varieties. Four pairs of near isogenic bitter and non-bitter varieties gave similar results. Therefore any causal relation between bitterness and resistance is denied.     

植物油替代二甲苯配制的甲维盐EC对“上海青”的安全性影响

作者在观察以精制松树油+棕榈油、精制松树油、棕榈油等三种植物油替代二甲苯为溶剂的1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC对“上海青”（Brassica campestris L.）的药害情况的基础上,测定了“上海青”体内蛋白质、氨基酯和叶绿素等营养物质的含量以及对植株株高的影响,以探讨植物油替代二甲苯配制的甲维盐EC对”上海青”的安全性。结果表明,精制松树油+棕榈油、精制松树油两种溶剂配制的甲维盐EC对“上海青”无明显药害;二甲苯、棕榈油两种溶剂配制的甲维盐EC高浓度处理会引发“上海青”药害。二甲苯溶剂配制的甲维盐EC造成“上海青”新叶畸形且不可恢复;棕榈油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC造成“上海青”叶片叶缘枯白、植株萎蔫,但在植株的后续生长中症状消失。植物油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC施用后,高浓度处理会引起“上海青”体内蛋白质含量的明显下降,三种浓度处理均会引起“上海青”体内的氨基酸含量上升,但对“上海青”的叶绿素含量无明显影响。植物油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC施用后对“上海青”的生长无明显影响。     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 7. The inheritance of resistance and bitterness and the relation between these characters

Summary The inheritance of resistance to the twospotted spider mite and of bitterness in cucumber has been studied in three sets of P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁₁ and B₁₂ of crosses between three bitter, resistant lines and one non-bitter, susceptible line. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite as measured by acceptance and oviposition appeared to be determined by several to many genes, which are inherited mainly in an additive fashion. Bitterness is basically governed by the gene Bi, which, contrary to earlier reports, is inherited in an intermediary way, while the expression of Bi is influenced by additively inherited intensifier genes. Whereas Bi and the bitterness intensifier genes are not related to the resistance factors acceptance and oviposition, they are related to resistance or tolerance as measured by the damage index. This relation is explained by linkage rather than by identity of the genes concerned. Changes in the test methods and breeding consequences are discussed.