一例猫瘟继发中耳炎的诊断与治疗

体重为1.8 kg的4月龄布偶猫,雌性,就诊期间出现高热、排软便、打喷嚏、咳嗽等症状,经血常规检查、猫细小病毒(Feline panleukopenia virus, FPV)检测确诊为猫瘟,遂进行抗菌消炎、抗病毒感染、对症治疗、支持治疗。患猫在治疗第2天出现叫声嘶哑,左眼眼睑反射缺失伴有瞬膜凸起、偏头等神经症状,第3天主动少量进食,体温恢复正常,第5天精神、食欲、粪便形态恢复正常并出院。出院后第7天,面神经麻痹、偏头等前庭神经受损症状仍未消失,经电子计算机断层扫描(CT)检查确诊为慢性中耳炎、内耳炎,口服恩诺沙星保守治疗4周后瞬膜凸起、偏头等神经症状完全消失,行走姿势恢复正常。说明本病例为猫瘟继发中耳炎,恩诺沙星对治疗猫中耳炎具有良好的效果。     

猫肝细胞性黄疸的中兽医治疗

黄疸是因血清胆红素的浓度增高，引起皮肤和黏膜颜色变黄的一种现象，是猫肝脏脂质沉积综合症(FHL)的常见临床症状，现代医学对肝细胞性黄疸的发病机理、诊断和治疗的研究已比较成熟，但中兽医理论指导下的临床病例鲜有报道。笔者介绍1例猫肝细胞性黄疸，以阴阳为纲，按阳黄论治，同时和胃健脾，补血养血，用加味茵陈蒿汤治疗，猫血清胆红素明显降低，黄染渐退，饮食欲和体况逐渐改善，效果显著，为临床中兽医诊疗该病提供参考。     

1例猫瘟的诊断及治疗

1例流浪猫通过结合病史、临床症状、胶体金检测板、血常规及血清淀粉样蛋白A (SAA)等检查,确诊为猫瘟病毒感染。入院治疗后,实施抗继发感染、促进食欲、纠正脱水、改善电解质平衡、止吐、止泻、恢复肠道正常菌群功能、抗病毒等治疗方案。患猫经过综合治疗5 d后,白细胞和SAA数值均有明显好转,且大便、食欲恢复正常,未出现其他反应,出院后进行口服药物治疗。文章为猫瘟的诊断思路和治疗提供参考。     

猫传染性腹膜炎继发大肠杆菌感染的诊断

2003年2月，我室接诊一只2岁雌性病死波斯猫。经流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检和实验室检验，诊断为猫传染性腹膜炎继发大肠杆菌感染，报告如下。1流行病学调查和临床症状 猫的主人半年前引进一只6月龄波斯猫，该猫于2个月前出现食欲差，眼睛流分泌物，角膜溃疡、穿孔，消瘦，黄疸，抽搐等症状，并于一周前死亡，剖检，肝脏萎缩，腹腔中有大量腹水。家中的其余3只猫在引进的猫发病后不久相继出现食欲差和消瘦等症状，     

猫脂肪肝的中医诊疗病例分析

<正>肝脏脂质沉积，简称脂肪肝，是一种猫较为常见的内科疾病。主要临床症状为精神沉郁、食欲下降、呕吐等，常伴黄疸，严重者可发展至肝性脑病。2019年2月患猫因食欲减退、呕吐来我院就诊，生化检查可见多项肝胆指标升高，腹部超声提示患猫肝脏实质回声增强，初步诊断为猫脂肪肝。经西医方式治疗5 d, 患猫症状改善不明显。经中医辨证后使用以中药为主的治疗方案，疗效明显。1 病例情况1.1 基本信息美国短毛猫，13岁，雄性已去势，     

猫溶血性黄疸的诊治

黄疸是由于胆红素代谢障碍、血清胆红素高于正常所致的组织黄染现象。临床上各种肝胆疾病和溶血性贫血均可发生黄疸，其多表现为可视黏膜和皮肤黄染。有资料表明，在溶血性贫血中，犬大多出现黄疸，而猫仅有18％。新生幼畜和患传染性肝炎的动物黄疸病例多有报道，而成年猫妊娠期溶血性黄疸报道尚属少见。2004年3月28日，笔者在门诊接治一例妊娠期严重黄疸的患猫，经过治疗，呈现黄色的全身皮肤和可视黏膜黄染消失，精神状态、饮食欲及其他外观指标也基本转为正常。     

猫传染性腹膜炎的中西医结合诊疗

文章介绍一例自然发生的湿性猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）病例的诊断治疗经过。采用临床基础检查、中兽医检查、影像学检查、腹水穿刺、李凡他试验、传染病检测等方法进行综合确诊。使用干扰素、抗生素、GS-441524等西药进行对症治疗,抵抗病毒;配合多种中药调理机体,重建体内平衡,提高患猫自身免疫能力。经过一周治疗,患猫临床症状得到改善,随着疗程推进,食欲及排便恢复正常,精神状态良好。研究表明,湿性FIP病例采取中西医结合的诊断及治疗方法取得了良好效果,为FIP的诊治提供了一定参考。     

一例猫血巴尔通体病的诊治及体会

1只体重为3.2 kg的1岁雄性中华狸猫,就诊前出现精神沉郁,食欲、饮欲废绝,呕吐的症状,为了对该例家猫进行诊治,试验采用血常规、血涂片、实时荧光定量PCR、血液生化指标等检查方法进行诊断,并根据诊断结果进行治疗。结果表明:红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血细胞比容、血小板数均低于参考值;血涂片镜下观察可见变形的红细胞表面有数个紫染的小体。全血实时荧光定量PCR检测为猫血巴尔通体阳性,确诊为猫血巴尔通体病。患猫通过对症治疗、预防细菌继发感染、促进食欲等治疗7 d后,恢复食欲、饮欲,临床症状消除。说明该病通过综合治疗方法可取得良好的治疗效果。     

52例猫坏死性角膜炎病例报告

猫坏死性角膜炎是一种常见的猫角膜疾病,我国针对该病的研究较少,治疗方案不一。本试验收集2019年1月—2021年1月在中国农业大学动物医院就诊的52例猫坏死性角膜炎病例(共56只患眼),对病例统计分析,总结该病特征性的临床症状,讨论不同治疗方案的优缺点。结果显示,猫坏死性角膜炎高发品种为异国短毛猫(22/52,42.3%),高发年龄段为<7岁(50/52,96.2%),慢性角膜刺激是该病的常见病因。在52例患猫病例中,34例(共38只患眼)进行角膜切除术治疗,其中22只患眼同时进行了第三眼睑遮盖术,另外16只患眼同时进行了结膜瓣遮盖术。2例患猫病例术后出现坏死性角膜炎复发,均为年轻斯芬克斯猫。结果表明,角膜切除术是治疗猫坏死性角膜炎的首选治疗方案,坏死角膜的残留可能造成术后复发。     

猫异常摄食行为的防治

一、食欲缺乏症(1)症状食欲缺乏是许多常见病的共有症状。猫表现为拒绝撮食任何食物,精神沉郁,体温持续升高。如患猫绝食持续多天,会迅速消瘦、衰弱甚至死亡。(2)防治①查明病因以恢复食欲。有些食欲缺乏     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein