高温对曼地亚红豆杉叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus mediacv.DGS)为材料,通过测定高温胁迫下曼地亚红豆杉叶绿素荧光参数的变化,探讨高温对曼地亚红豆杉光合作用的抑制机制。结果表明,高温胁迫下,Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、qP以及ΦPSⅡ和ETR都有所下降,qN以及D和E都逐渐上升。高温抑制光合作用的原因之一是导致PSⅡ反应中心活性下降,光化学电子传递速率降低,另外,高温还影响了PSⅠ和PSⅡ的激发能分配平衡。     

低磷胁迫对油茶叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探索低磷胁迫条件下油茶光合生理机制,以沙培的油茶幼苗为试材,研究不同浓度磷处理(0.1、1.0、10 mmol/L)对油茶幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:随着胁迫时间的延长,不同磷水平最大光化学效率Fv/Fm值的变化趋势不明显,但磷浓度为0.1 mmol/L时,Fv/Fm值逐渐下降,在第15天达到最低值0.787,表明植物受到低磷胁迫。随着胁迫时间的延长,不同磷水平处理的油茶幼苗PSⅡ实际光量子产量YⅡ的变化趋势不尽相同:磷浓度为0.1 mmol/L时,YⅡ值呈现逐渐下降的趋势,最大值为0.125;当磷浓度为1.0、10 mmol/L时,YⅡ值呈现逐渐上升的趋势。随着胁迫时间的延长,光化学淬灭系数qP均表现出逐渐上升的趋势,到第7天基本趋于稳定;在磷浓度分别为0.1、10 mmol/L时,非光化学淬灭系数qN呈现逐渐升高趋势,并在第15天达到最大值(0.111、0.115);磷浓度为1.0 mmol/L时,qP表现为先升后降的变化趋势,但变化幅度不大。     

NAA对水分胁迫下一品红幼苗叶绿素荧光参数影响

以一品红千禧品种为试材,对其喷施不同浓度的萘乙酸(NAA)溶液,研究水分胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数的变化.结果表明,低浓度的NAA溶液可缓解水分胁迫对叶绿素荧光参数的影响,高浓度的NAA溶液则会加剧叶绿素荧光参数的变化,各处理中以0.5 mg/L的NAA效果最优.     

土壤水分胁迫对多花黄精光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨土壤水分胁迫对多花黄精光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,通过盆栽控水试验,对多花黄精进行干旱胁迫和水淹胁迫,测定不同处理植株叶片的叶绿素含量、荧光参数以及光合参数。结果表明:1)多花黄精受水淹胁迫的伤害明显,其中重度水淹胁迫下14 d后全部枯死,中度水淹33 d后开始枯死,轻度水淹40 d后变黄。2)多花黄精能忍受一定程度的干旱胁迫,重度干旱胁迫下38 d后部分叶片变黄,但在中度干旱和轻度干旱胁迫下未受到明显伤害。3)随着土壤水分胁迫(水淹、干旱)强度增大,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、最大荧光(F_m)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ的有效量子产量(Yield)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)以及净光合速率(P_n)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)均下降,而叶绿素a与b比值、初始荧光(F_0)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)均上升。研究结果显示,土壤含水量在60%～80%之间时,多花黄精能够正常生长,水淹胁迫对多花黄精产生明显伤害。     

盐胁迫对杨树幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

文章研究盐胁迫对3种杨树幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫24d后,400mM盐处理苗木叶片的Chla、Chlb含量均明显低于对照,其余浓度盐处理的叶片光合色素含量变化均不明显。与对照相比,盐处理期间各品种叶片的Car含量变化均不明显。盐处理使各杨树品种叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs均呈下降趋势;Ls呈先升高后下降趋势,而Ci的变化趋势是先下降后升高,说明长期盐胁迫下,在较低浓度的盐处理下,杨树叶片光合受抑制的主要原因是气孔限制;而在较高浓度的盐处理下非气孔限制则是导致杨树叶片光合下降的主要影响因素。随着盐处理浓度的升高,各杨树品种幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光参数Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、NPQ均大致呈逐渐下降趋势。3个品种的耐盐性强弱顺序为‘吴屯杨’>‘小胡24杨’>‘小胡19杨’。     

干热胁迫对杨树叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了探讨干热胁迫对不同品种杨树叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以吴屯杨、小青杨和小美旱杨一年生嫩枝为材料,利用人工气候箱和PEG浓度控制生长温度、干旱条件,处理24 h后测定气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数以及光合色素的含量。结果表明:1)随着胁迫程度的增加,3种杨树叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)随着干热胁迫的程度增加均呈先上升后下降的趋势,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则整体呈下降趋势,吴屯杨和小美旱杨的蒸腾速率(Tr)呈先上升后下降的趋势,而小青杨叶片的蒸腾速率持续增加,在重度干热胁迫时达到最大值;2)3种杨树在重度干热胁迫条件下光系统Ⅱ反应中心及其电子传递链的结构均受到了不同程度的损伤;3)3个杨树品种的类胡萝卜素含量随干热胁迫程度的增加呈稳定上升的趋势,总叶绿素与叶绿素a、b含量总体呈下降趋势。4)综合各项生理指标结果分析,3种杨树中,小青杨和吴屯杨的耐干热能力较强,小美旱杨最弱。     

辽西地区土壤水分胁迫对油松荧光特性的影响

以辽西地区的油松为研究对象,采用盆栽控水法,设置正常水分(CK,田间持水量的70%~80%)、轻度胁迫(T1,田间持水量的60%~70%)、中度胁迫(T2,田间持水量的30%~40%)和重度胁迫(T3,田间持水量的20%~30%)4个水分梯度,对油松不同土壤水分状况下叶绿素荧光参数及其变化规律进行研究,结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加剧,初始荧光产量Fo与正常相比有所上升,最大荧光产量Fm和最大可变荧光产量Fv有所下降;Fv/Fm随着水分胁迫的加剧有着较为显著的变化;水分胁迫条件下植物的光合速率降低;轻度和中度胁迫时,植物表现出了一定的抗旱性,但是当水分状况达到重度胁迫时,植物就无法正常生长。     

水分胁迫对美国山核桃叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究水分胁迫对美国山核桃叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以探究水分胁迫损伤光合作用的机理.结果表明:在离体快速干旱水分胁迫处理方式下,美国山核桃叶片F o、Fm、F v/Fm、F v/F o、qP在离体6 h时均下降,但降低幅度不大;Y ield和qN在离体6 h时分别显著下降和上升,此说明美国山核桃苗遭遇水分胁迫时,叶片的PS II反应中心电子传递活性受到了一定程度的影响,但影响不大;光合电子传递速率明显下降,PS II反应中心耗散过剩光能的能力增强,其可作为品种耐旱能力的鉴定指标.     

铅胁迫对洋常春藤叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以洋常春藤Hedera helix扦插幼苗为材料,采用不同浓度(0,50,200,400,800μmol·L^-1)的Pb(CH₃COO)₂溶液进行处理,通过测定其叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数的变化,探讨洋常春藤对重金属铅胁迫的抗逆性。结果表明,与对照相比,铅胁迫使洋常春藤叶片叶绿素含量显著下降(P<0.05),叶绿素a/b比值增加;与对照相比,Pb₂和Pb₃(200和400μmol·L^-1)即中度铅胁迫下,洋常春藤叶片初始荧光(F₀)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN)显著上升(P<0.05),光系统PSⅡ实际光合效率(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)以及光合电子传递速率(ETR)显著下降(P<0.05),而PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)无显著变化;在重度铅胁迫Pb₄(800μmol·L^-1)下,F₀及qN显...     

干旱胁迫对油茶叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

【目的】筛选抗旱高光效的油茶种质,为后续油茶耐旱品种选育和引种栽培提供参考。【方法】以我国华南地区广泛种植的岑软2号、岑软3号、桂无1号和桂无4号共4个油茶优良品种为试验材料,设置PEG 6000(10%、20%、30%)3个干旱胁迫强度,给予12、24、36 h的胁迫处理和12 h的复水处理,测定叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,并采用隶属函数法和聚类分析法综合评价4个油茶品种的抗旱性。【结果】干旱胁迫下,4个油茶品种叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数均发生明显变化。其中,岑软2号和岑软3号叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量稳定;桂无1号叶片叶绿素a含量及桂无4号叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均显著降低。4个油茶品种的非光化学淬灭(NPQ)和PSⅡ调节性能量耗散(Y_NPQ)均上升,其中岑软2号和岑软3号叶片的NPQ和Y_NPQ值较大且增幅明显,表明其抗旱能力较强。岑软2号和岑软3号叶片的表观电子传递速率(ETR)和实际光量子效率(Y_PSⅡ)较大,且随胁迫持续逐渐升高,PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散(Y_NO)波动持平,甚至...     

持续高温天气对城市绿化树木的影响

通过2013年夏季持续高温天气对南京河西地区城市绿化树木影响的观测,分析持续高温对树木的危害影响,对部分绿化树木耐热性进行评价.发现水杉、银杏、乐昌含笑、金叶女贞、毛鹃耐高温能力较差,雪松、垂柳、悬铃木、紫叶李、紫薇、红叶石楠、构骨、火棘耐高温能力较强.其中：水杉总受害率最高,耐高温性最差;垂柳总受害率最低,耐高温性最强,并针对高温危害提出缓解灾害发生及蔓延的相关技术措施.研究结果可为城市绿化树种选择、配置及养护提供科学依据.     

Effects of water stress on irradiance acclimation of leaf traits in almond trees

Photosynthetic acclimation to highly variable local irradiance within the tree crown plays a primary role in determining tree carbon uptake. This study explores the plasticity of leaf structural and physiological traits in response to the interactive effects of ontogeny, water stress and irradiance in adult almond trees that have been subjected to three water regimes (full irrigation, deficit irrigation and rain-fed) for a 3-year period (2006-08) in a semiarid climate. Leaf structural (dry mass per unit area, N and chlorophyll content) and photosynthetic (maximum net CO(2) assimilation, A(max), maximum stomatal conductance, g(s,max), and mesophyll conductance, g(m)) traits and stem-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (K(s-l)) were determined throughout the 2008 growing season in leaves of outer south-facing (S-leaves) and inner northwest-facing (NW-leaves) shoots. Leaf plasticity was quantified by means of an exposure adjustment coefficient (ε=1-X(NW)/X(S)) for each trait (X) of S- and NW-leaves. Photosynthetic traits and K(s-l) exhibited higher irradiance-elicited plasticity (higher ε) than structural traits in all treatments, with the highest and lowest plasticity being observed in the fully irrigated and rain-fed trees, respectively. Our results suggest that water stress modulates the irradiance-elicited plasticity of almond leaves through changes in crown architecture. Such changes lead to a more even distribution of within-crown irradiance, and hence of the photosynthetic capacity, as water stress intensifies. Ontogeny drove seasonal changes only in the ε of area- and mass-based N content and mass-based chlorophyll content, while no leaf age-dependent effect was observed on ε as regards the physiological traits. Our results also indicate that the irradiance-elicited plasticity of A(max) is mainly driven by changes in leaf dry mass per unit area, in g(m) and, most likely, in the partitioning of the leaf N content.     

Seasonal fluctuations and temperature dependence of leaf gas exchange parameters of co-occurring evergreen and deciduous trees in a temperate broad-leaved forest

Seasonal fluctuations in leaf gas exchange parameters were investigated in three evergreen (Quercus glauca Thunb., Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. and Castanopsis cuspidata Schottky) and one deciduous (Quercus serrata Thunb.) co-occurring, dominant tree species in a temperate broad-leaved forest. Dark respiration rate (Rn), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and stomatal coefficient (m), the ratio of stomatal conductance to net assimilation rate after adjustment to the vapor pressure deficit and internal carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, were derived inversely from instantaneous field gas exchange data (one-point method). The normalized values of Rn and Vcmax at the reference temperature of 25 degrees C (Rn25, Vcmax25) and their temperature dependencies (Delta Ha(Rn), Delta Ha(Vcmax)) were analyzed. Parameter Vcmax25 ranged from 24.0-40.3 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and Delta Ha(Vcmax) ranged from 29.1- 67.0 kJ mol(-1). Parameter Rn25 ranged from 0.6-1.4 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and Delta Ha(Rn) ranged from 47.4-95.4 kJ mol(-1). The stomatal coefficient ranged from 7.2-8.2. For the three evergreen trees, a single set of Vcmax25 and Rn25 parameters and temperature dependence curves produced satisfactory estimates of carbon uptake throughout the year, except during the period of simultaneous leaf fall and leaf expansion, which occurs in April and May. In the deciduous oak, declines in Vcmax25 were observed after summer, along with changes in Vcmax25 and Rn25 during the leaf expansion period. In all species, variation in m during periods of leaf expansion and drought should be considered in modeling studies. We conclude that the changes in normalized gas exchange parameters during periods of leaf expansion and drought need to be considered when modeling carbon uptake of evergreen broad-leaved species.     

叶形在树木叶片气体交换应对风胁迫中的作用

作为环境因子,风与树木的关系较其他因子复杂,树木对风胁迫的响应与适应是植物逆境生理生态学研究的热点和难点。本文综述了不同叶形树种叶片气体交换对风胁迫的响应差异,总结发现风对不同叶形树种叶片气体交换影响的研究结论差异较大,有的甚至截然相反,表明了不同叶形树种叶片气体交换对风胁迫响应的复杂性。同时分析了由叶形引起的微环境、边界层导度和理化特征对叶片气孔交换的影响。     

四种景天属植物高温高湿下的耐湿热性

选择4种景天属植物,研究其在高温高湿胁迫下的形态特征、生理生化变化及其适应高温高湿的机理。结果表明:随胁迫时间延长,植物叶片细胞膜透性增大,叶绿素总量有明显上升又下降趋势,可溶性蛋白含量下降,保护酶系统的平衡受到破坏,膜脂过氧化程度加重,PRO含量总体呈上升趋势。由主成分分析和隶属函数法得出耐湿热胁迫能力大小为:凹叶景天>胭脂红景天>中华景天>金叶景天。     

The interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photosynthetic and growth parameters of tropical dry forest trees

Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea are commonly accepted as drought-tolerant species but little is known about their response to drought followed by rehydration.Therefore,the interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photo synthetic and growth parameters of these species was examined.A greenhouse study was conducted in a split-plot design with two water conditions in the main plots(control;drought followed by rehydration),and eight sampling times in the subplots(1...     

干旱对南五味子和海南红豆幼苗气体交换参数的影响

对海南红豆和南五味子的1年生实生苗在不同强度干旱胁迫下的叶片气体交换参数进行研究。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加强,南五味子和海南红豆的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片水分利用率(WUE)不断下降,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)为先下降后上升,气孔限制值(Ls)呈现先上升后下降;重度胁迫时海南红豆的Pn、Gs、Tr和WUE均比南五味子大,说明前者对干旱有更强的适应性。     

高温胁迫对观赏海棠形态和生长的影响

田间观测8个海棠品种的苗木形态和生长情况。结果表明:高温胁迫下,不同品种田间的形态和生长表现差异显著。耐热性强的品种始终保持较快的苗高和地茎生长速率;耐热性差的品种苗高、地茎的生长速率缓慢。海棠田间的形态表现和苗高生长速率的大小可以作为耐热性的评价指标。8个海棠品种均能在试验地安全越夏,耐热性由强到弱排列顺序为:B10>B4>B5>B7>B19>A2>B9>A4。