小丑鱼集约化循环水繁殖设施和技术

为了商业化繁殖小丑鱼,研发了小丑鱼集约化循环水繁殖设施和技术。繁殖设施主要由木架、培育缸、管道系统、水处理底缸等组成,1组集约化循环水繁殖设施可培育21对小丑鱼亲鱼。试验结果:人工培育条件下小丑鱼的繁殖习性相似,常年连续产卵,正常产卵间隔为9~15 d,每次产卵500~2 500粒,原缸孵化,正常孵化率在50%以上,水温27℃时,孵化时间为7~8 d。结果表明,小丑鱼集约化循环水繁殖设施在较小的室内空间可培育较多的小丑鱼亲鱼,并且培育水质良好、稳定,繁殖设施中的小丑鱼亲鱼可连续并稳定地保持较高的产卵量和孵化率,达到商业化繁殖生产的要求。     

进口牙鲆工厂化养殖及鱼病防治试验

１９９４年６月中旬从韩国出口７～１３ｇ／尾牙鲆苗８万尾，利用室内循环水锅炉升温进行工厂化养殖９个月，平均体重５００ｇ以上，达到商品规格，养殖过程中，试验了放养密度，投饵，水质管理及腹水病，纤毛虫病的防治技术。     

室内循环水和池塘养殖四指马鲅的生长性能及形态性状与体质量的相关性研究

采用相关性分析和通径分析研究了室内循环水和池塘养殖四指马鲅(Elentheronema tetradactylum)的体质量和12个形态性状之间的关系。结果显示,两个养殖群体的形态性状与体质量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),并且两个养殖群体各主要性状间的相关性达到极显著水平(P0.01)。与室内循环水养殖群体体质量相关程度较大的形态性状依次为叉长、体长、头长、尾柄高和全长;与池塘养殖群体体质量相关程度较大的形态性状依次为全长、尾柄高、叉长、体长和体高。通径分析表明,体长、体高、头长、体宽和眼径对室内循环水养殖四指马鲅体质量的直接作用达显著水平(P0.05),以上形态性状的直接和间接决定系数总和为1.418;全长、尾柄高、体高、躯干长、头长对池塘养殖群体的体质量直接作用均达显著水平(P0.05),以上形态性状的直接和间接决定系数总和为0.968。结果表明,池塘养殖环境鱼体的变异系数较大有利于良种选育,而室内循环水养殖规格较均匀利于生产。不同养殖模式下,四指马鲅形态性状与体质量的相关性分析可为其规模化养殖和选育技术优化提供理论依据。     

黄条循环水养殖技术

<正>黄条,又称为黄健牛,隶属于鲈形目、科,是一种暖温性洄游鱼类。常作为生鱼片食用,是日本人喜爱的鱼类之一,经济价值较高。目前,国内黄条养殖较少,一般采用海上网箱养殖,本试验采用室内循环水养殖。养殖试验在大连天正实业有限公司大黑石养殖基地进行。一、材料和方法1.循环水养殖系统条件黄条在闭合的循环水养殖系统中进行养殖,循环水系统由锅炉加热系统、过滤系统、生物滤器、紫外消毒系统等组成。生物滤     

云纹石斑鱼工厂化循环水养殖技术

本试验率先采用循环水系统开展了云纹石斑鱼的养殖试验并取得了成功.结果显示,在莱州明波养殖基地选用的平均体重50 g/尾规格的云纹石斑鱼苗种10万尾,在水温22～ 25℃、盐度28～31、pH7.8～ 8.2的水环境条件下,经12个月培育,长成平均体重为0.65 kg/尾的商品鱼,平均单尾月增重50 g,成活率93.5％;共收获成鱼9.35万尾,单产49.9 kg/m3.本研究为云纹石斑鱼工厂化循环水养殖提供一个成功的范例.     

中肋骨条藻规模化培养及在中国明对虾育苗中的应用

正本文将养殖生产中发现的中肋骨条藻分离、保存,并进行室内水泥池规模化培养,指数生长状态可维持72h,实现了短期内大量繁殖。中国明对虾幼体投喂实验表明,利用4万个cell/mL中肋骨条藻投喂组与未投喂组比较,Z_3～M1变态发育所需时间缩短24h,Z_1～Z_3期变态发育成活率分别为93.3%、68%,差异显著。利用中肋骨条藻所育中国明对虾苗活力强,变态期成活率高,育苗周期短,具有良好的经济效益。     

长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖技术初探

长茎葡萄蕨藻又名海葡萄,绿色鱼子酱,国内未见人工养殖的报道。为探索长茎葡萄蕨藻在福建人工养殖的可行性,2011年5月,福建省水产技术推广总站从越南购进长茎葡萄蕨藻体3千克,挑选500克健康藻体进行试养,经过二个月的养殖,藻体重量达到了3千克。现将试养情况进行初步总结,以便为规模化人工养殖提供参考。1.设施准备准备养殖容器水族箱或长方形小水     

鼠尾藻人工苗种保苗及海上养殖技术研究

为了完善鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)人工苗种培育及海上养殖技术,在大连旅顺海区及刺参池塘进行了鼠尾藻人工苗种保苗及养殖试验。试验结果表明,鼠尾藻人工苗种在室内培养20 d左右,株高2 mm以上,假根15根以上时,下海保苗为宜。鼠尾藻幼苗保苗、人工养殖方式为表层平养。保苗海区选择风浪不大的海湾。在刺参池塘保苗要求选择水深2 m以上的池塘,养殖位置在进水口附近。保苗3个月后海上鼠尾藻平均株高4.26 cm,刺参池塘鼠尾藻平均株高1.98 cm。将6 cm以上的幼苗夹直径1.5 cm的聚乙烯绳上进行海上养殖试验。养殖8~9个月后,鼠尾藻长至平均株高61 cm。     

池塘工程化循环水养殖大口黑鲈技术试验

建立了一种北方池塘循环水大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生态养殖模式.在跑道池内养殖大口黑鲈,跑道池与净水池塘连通,池塘净水区域养殖鲢、鳙,种植角果藻,实现养殖尾水零排放.根据大口黑鲈投放密度、规格、摄食、排便及水质理化指标等情况开启微滤机、增氧机、底排污等设施设备,进行水质调控,当氨氮≥1 mg...     

低碳高效循环水模式福瑞鲤适宜养殖密度试验

正低碳高效循环水养殖模式是国内目前较为流行的工厂化养殖模式,具有集约化程度高、污水处理能力强、养殖管理简便、养殖效益好等优点。低碳高效循环水系统利用现代各种循环水设备,包括推水系统、自动投饲机、污水处理系统、增氧设备、水质在线监测设备等;通过循环水处理池进行生物过滤、紫外线杀菌,利用水质在线监测系统进行水质监测,对达到国家养殖水标准的过滤水重新流进养殖池循环使用,而循环     

海水循环养殖系统冬季运行水温和水质控制

为探讨江苏沿海地区海水鱼类养殖过程中的越冬问题,构建了基于温室保温与微藻净水的封闭式循环水养殖系统,用于开展黑鲷越冬试验。通过在线监测系统记录冬季运行期间系统内外水温与气温,研究太阳能温室的保温性能;通过定期采样检测养殖系统水质,比较投加微藻前后养殖池水质的差异,研究微藻净水的可行性。结果显示:冬季温室内海水循环养殖系统的平均水温显著高于温室外水温,有利于黑鲷顺利越冬并延长生长期;在养殖系统内接种微藻可有效降低水体氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度,并将亚硝酸盐氮(NH-2-N)浓度维持在较低水平,有利于维护养殖系统水质稳定。研究表明:集成温室保温与微藻净水的海水循环养殖系统可实现黑鲷越冬养殖。本研究可为存在积温不足和越冬问题的区域发展海水鱼类养殖提供参考。     

Comparison of bacterial communities in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus culture ponds of an industrial ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system

The industrial aquaculture pond system has gradually replaced the use of traditional earthen pond, as it causes less pollution and is more economical. In this study, an industrial ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system consisting of the water source pond, high‐density culture ponds, a deposit pond, and ecological purification ponds for channel catfish cultivation was established. Twelve water samples from different ponds were sequenced, and the bacterial communities were analysed. The abundances of Cyanobacteria and Merismopedia varied in different functional ponds of the system. The water quality was stable after two months of cultivation at 1.89 ± 0.22 mg/L total nitrogen, 1.1 ± 0.08 mg/L NH₄‐N and 0.43 ± 0.1 mg/L total phosphorus. The fish weight increased in a nearly linear manner, reaching 237.63 ± 23.8 per fish at day 120. An analysis of the environmental parameters, water quality and fish weight suggested that the system had an effective water purification process. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community was affected at the genus and phylum levels by different environmental parameters. We identified several dominant beneficial bacteria with nutrient removal abilities. Overall, our results demonstrated that the ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system had notable effects on water quality improvement and promoted changes in bacterial populations. These results provide important information on the microbial ecology of pond industrial eco‐aquaculture systems.     

海水贝类苗种循环水培育水处理技术的研究与应用

封闭循环水育苗作为一种高技术育苗模式,其核心是养殖废水的净化处理。对于循环水系统的每一道处理工序,都有大量可选择的工艺。本试验利用自建的100 m3的海湾扇贝苗种封闭循环水培育系统,通过用各个阶段的出水养殖扇贝幼体,以及测定出水指标等来判断水处理系统的处理效果。结果表明,封闭循环水处理系统的效果是成功的。     

鱼类循环水养殖中的水质参数自动控制

鱼类循环水养殖是一种工业化的养殖方式,其主要特征是养殖水体的循环利用,这一过程要对养殖水体进行处理,对水质参数进行监测与控制,要涉及物理、化学、生物及控制理论等许多学科的理论与技术。本文列出了循环水养殖水体中影响鱼类生长的各种因子并总结了前人的研究成果,进而提出了一些水质参数的控制方式。其中着重分析了溶解氧、pH值和氨氮的监测与控制方式,为进一步实验研究奠定基础。     

The use of high rate algal ponds for the treatment of marine effluent from a recirculating fish rearing system

A high rate algal pond (HRAP) system was used to treat effluent from a recirculating sea water aquaculture system in southern France. Dicentrarchus labrax L. were farmed at a high density, with effluents containing an average of 10 mg L^?1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 1.3 mg L^?1 reactive phosphorus (RP). On a yearly basis, the algal pond removed 59% of the dissolved nitrogen and 56% of the phosphorus input, which was converted into 3.3 kg DW m^?2 algae. Green macroalgae were dominant throughout the year and the algal biomass mirrored the seasonal changes in daily irradiance and temperature. This first year study supports the possibility of treating marine aquaculture wastes using HPAPs, although conditions will have to be found to mitigate the strong influence of climate on the algal community during winter. During the more temperate season, only 150 m² of treatment ponds would be necessary to remove the nutrients produced by 1 ton of fish. Treated water was characterized by a high pH, elevated levels of dissolved oxygen (midday value) and low concentrations of nutrients and suspended solids. The absence of toxic phytoplankton meant that the water could be recycled through the farm tanks.     

水生动植物生态循环系统及试验

根据水生动植物生态学原理而设计一种闭式循环水养鱼系统。系统涉及植物、微生物组合净水技术和纳米功能材料调质、催化技术,创建动植物共生的水体自净环境,实现水产养殖代谢污染物的资源化处理。系统试养鲟鱼400尾(鱼池8 m3),成活率98.25%,1个月生物增量122%,配套生态蔬菜产量43 kg。文中就相关技术设计和试验研究作了分析讨论。     

Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture

Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters for aquaculture should be assessed in the context of the economic efficiency of ecological services (waste assimilation, nutrient recycling, and internal food production) provided by earthen ponds, and the availability and cost of land, water, and electrical energy resources required to support particular classes of production systems. In photosynthetic suspended-growth systems, water quality control is achieved by a combination of natural and mechanical processes. Natural processes include photosynthesis of oxygen, algal nutrient uptake, coupled nitrification–denitrification, and organic matter oxidation; mechanical processes include aeration and water circulation. Ammonia is controlled by a combination of phytoplankton uptake, nitrification, and immobilization by bacteria. Unlike biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems, unit processes are combined and are an integral part of the culture unit. The important design and operational considerations for photosynthetic suspended-growth systems include temperature effects, aeration and mixing, quantity and quality of loaded organic matter, and fish water quality tolerance limits. The principle advantages of photosynthetic suspended-growth systems are lower capital costs relative to other recirculating aquaculture systems and increased control over stock management relative to conventional static ponds. The main disadvantage is the relatively low degree of control over water quality and phytoplankton density, metabolism, and community composition relative to other recirculating aquaculture systems. Examples of photosynthetic suspended-growth systems include semi-intensive ponds, intensively aerated outdoor lined ponds, combined intensive–extensive ponds, partitioned aquaculture systems, greenwater tanks, greenwater tanks with solids removal, and greenwater recirculating aquaculture systems.     

工厂化循环水养殖系统中流场特性与鱼类互作影响的研究进展与展望

随着人口与经济的发展,水产养殖业在世界范围内迅速兴起,集约型工厂化循环水养殖因其高密度、低污染、高效率等独特的优势,契合水产养殖业绿色发展理念,已成为水产养殖转型升级的重要方向之一。水作为循环水养殖系统中重要的环境因子,其流态能够直接影响鱼类的生长及福利,同样,鱼类存在及运动也会影响到系统流态的构建。本文综合分析了循环水养殖系统中流场条件对不同鱼类生长发育及福利的影响,鱼类及其运动行为对养殖池内水动力条件及性能的影响,以及鱼类对养殖池内流场流态、水体混合等的影响。将研究鱼类运动对流场特性的影响方法主要归纳为实测法和数值研究,通过对比分析2种方法的优点和不足之处,并结合当前循环水养殖产业系统构建中的问题提出针对性方法建议,旨在为系统中水动力条件的设计拓展思路,促进循环水养殖产业流态构建向“鱼”与“水”兼顾的方向发展。     

The possibility of application of agglomerate elastomers (EPP) as media for biological bed in aquaculture

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of experimental media (agglomerate elastomers EPP) application as biological media bed, which serves the purpose of water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). RAS enables mass‐production of fish in small volume of water in a limited area. This involves the possibility of multiple usage of water during culture. However, for that purpose of maintaining proper physico‐chemical parameters, water purification from products of metabolism, especially toxic nitrogen compounds, is required. One of the simplest and most effective ways to achieve it is combining application of two types of water filtration: mechanical and biological. It is needed to study new media for biological bed with proper filling is able to purify water from toxic nitrogen compounds.     

Physiology Approaches to the Management of Off-Flavors in Farm-Raised Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

To obtain optimal yields of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, large quantities of feed are added to ponds. Nutrients released from feed support dense algal and bacterial populations. Although some microbes produce oxygen and remove wastes, certain taxa produce the muddy/earthy off-flavor metabolites, 2-methylisoborneol (1-R-exo-1, 2, 7, 7-tetramethyl-bicyclo-[2, 2, 1]-heptan-2-ol) (MIB) and geosmin (1α, 10β-dimethyl-9α-decalol). Currently, off-flavors are one of the biggest problems affecting the channel catfish industry. Fish exposed to water containing either geosmin or MIB rapidly concentrations of these compounds in their tissues. Conversely, fish placed in water free of off-flavor metabolites exhibited markedly reduced concentrations of MIB after 8 hours and continued to improve in flavor quality throughout 24 hours, indicating a progressive purging or clearing of off-flavor compounds from their tissues. Relatively lean (< 2.5% fat) fish lost MIB more rapidly than fish with greater fat contents (> 2.5% fat). This paper proposes that aquaculture production systems should be managed for maximum production efficiency and yields, and that fish containing off-flavors then could be purged in special facilities. Purging systems that rely on a constant flow require large amounts of water and may not be widely practical. Systems that recirculate water may be more feasible. However, biological filters and other components of recirculating systems may become sources of off-flavors. The early detection of off-flavor-producing taxa and the competitive exclusion of problematic populations may be useful in preventing off-flavor production in recirculating purging systems.