性诱剂与糖醋液组合对桃园梨小食心虫的诱捕效果研究

利用性诱剂诱杀是防治梨小食心虫的有效手段,但该方法只对雄虫起作用.糖醋液对雌虫和雄虫都有很强的诱捕作用,可以作为性诱剂的有效补充.本试验将性诱剂与糖醋液结合,研究其对梨小食心虫的诱杀效果,并对其可能的原因进行了探讨.结果表明,糖醋液与性诱剂结合使用具有很好的增效作用,不同糖醋液配方中食用醋+白酒的组合优于乙酸+乙醇的组合,性诱盆的诱捕效果优于性诱瓶.     

砀山县桃园梨小食心虫性诱剂3种诱芯田间诱蛾效果

梨小食心虫是安徽省砀山县果树的头号害虫,目前种群仍呈上升之势。为改进防治技术,2009年在砀山县对常用的3种梨小性诱芯的诱蛾效果进行了田间对比,在2个桃园采用水盆诱捕法进行试验。结果表明:中科院动物研究所诱芯平均诱蛾量分别是北京公司甲和公司乙的5.17倍和3.52倍,差异均达显著水平(p0.05)。     

梨小食心虫性诱剂两种诱芯田间诱蛾效果

在河北省饶阳县和深州市桃园3次试验结果表明,中国科学院动物研究所研制的梨小食心虫高效性诱芯的诱蛾效果是市售常规诱芯的2.75～3.48倍,差异达到显著或极显著水平。高效性诱芯的田间有效期长达103 d。     

梨小食心虫高效性诱剂使用方法

<正>梨小食心虫[Grapholitha molesta(Busck)]简称梨小。在我国东北、华北、华东、西北各桃、梨产区普遍发生;在桃、梨混栽的果园发生尤为严重。该虫为害对象包括桃、苹果、李、杏、海棠、樱桃、杨梅等的     

梨小性迷向素饵剂防治桃树梨小食心虫应用研究

梨小食心虫是桃树上最重要的害虫之一.为明确梨小性迷向素饵剂对桃树梨小食心虫的影响,在其主要发生地区分别进行了对梨小食心虫的田间药效试验.结果显示,梨小性迷向素饵剂对梨小食心虫的迷向率>99％,对新稍的平均防效为87.76％,对果实的平均防效为93.16％,可以持续有效控制梨小食心虫1～3代成虫的危害,梨小性迷向素饵剂与...     

荧光猝灭法测定梨小食心虫性诱剂含量以及田间应用

β-环糊精（β-CD）与中性红（NR）在碱性缓冲溶液中形成包合物（β-CD-NR）,使中性红的荧光强度F增大,而加入梨小食心虫性诱剂主要成分顺-8-十二碳烯醇乙酸酯（Z8-12：Ac）后,β-CD-NR的荧光发生猝灭,以此建立了测定Z8-12：Ac含量的新方法：在含有1.0 mL 1.0×10^-3 mol/L中性红、5.0 mL 1.0×10^-2 mol/L的β-CD、7.0 mL 0.2 mol/L的NaH₂PO₄-Na₂HPO₄缓冲溶液（pH 7.4）的荧光体系中,加入Z8-12：Ac,以双蒸水定容至25.0 mL,超声反应20 min后,将其放置在4℃的环境下冷却,得待测液。在激发波长为460 nm、发射波长为580 nm的条件下测定待测液的荧光强度F和β-CD-NR体系的荧光强度F₀,计算荧光猝灭值ΔF（ΔF＝F₀—F）。比较分析不同浓度的Z8-12：Ac标准溶液与相应的荧光猝灭值ΔF的关系,结果表明：在Z8-12：Ac浓度为1.0×10^-4～4.0×10^-4 mol/L范围内,荧光猝灭值ΔF与Z8-12：Ac的浓度c呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为：ΔF＝28.3 c—16.8,R²＝0.9978。对2.0×10^-4 mol/L的Z8-12：Ac溶液进行11次平行测定,得出方法检出限为1.25×10^-5 mol/L（S/N＝3）,RSD为±1.5%,方法灵敏度和精密度良好。加标回收率在98.0%～103.0%,说明方法准确度良好。利用新方法测定了田间梨小诱芯中Z8-12：Ac随时间的残留量,统计了不同残留量对应的诱虫量。结果表明,本方法可以成功测定不同天数下诱芯中Z8-12：Ac的残留量,掌握了诱芯中Z8-12：Ac的衰减趋势,而且与实际诱虫量变化趋势基本吻合。本方法可为确保田间虫情监测预报的精确性以及保持性诱芯的诱杀效果提供技术支撑。     

梨小食心虫不同配方糖醋液性诱瓶性价比和使用成本分析

利用中国农业大学李波等2008年筛选的5种糖醋液配方,以及何亮等对李波等配方进行扩展后的糖醋液对梨小食心虫、苹小卷蛾的诱蛾量结果,分析计算出了5种糖醋液的性价比及材料成本,在此基础上推算出更合理的糖醋液配方,其中糖∶乙酸∶乙醇∶水=3∶1∶3∶120,每千克材料零购成本约为0.72元.经进一步估算,每667 m2按使用8只糖醋液性诱瓶计,每年比常用性诱盆增加糖醋液材料成本约为23.35元,但同时可比常用性诱盆节省材料和管理成本约30元.     

用迷向丝防治梨小食心虫效果研究

性诱技术是应用于果园的一种无公害、绿色防治技术。梨小食心虫是江西省梨产区的一种主要害虫,为了寻求适时有效的防治方法,于2012年,利用性诱剂迷向散发器(即迷向丝)进行了防治试验。结果表明:利用性诱剂迷向法可使98%以上的梨小食心虫迷失方向,明显减少梨小食心虫的发生数量,减少了被害果,蛀果率只有1.8%,比对照降低了13个百分点,从而增加了梨果产值,同时降低了化学杀虫剂的使用量。     

大豆食心虫性诱剂应用研究初报

本文报道了利用人工合成的大豆食心虫性诱剂对大豆食心虫的发生与数量预测,成虫习性、诱杀防治的试验结果,为大豆食心虫的综合防治提供了一条新途径。     

复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫的防控效果

2012年在宁夏苹果园试验研究了复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫防控效果。试验设3个处理（涂抹高度2 m与3.5 m以及常规药剂防治）,1次重复,通过监测全年诱蛾量、调查果实膨大期与成熟期蛀果率来分析防控效果。结果显示,复合式膏体迷向剂有效控制了梨小食心虫的危害,涂抹高度3.5 m时,梨小食心虫诱蛾数下降94.8%,涂抹高度2 m时,下降84.6%,两处理区成熟期蛀果率分别下降86.5%和63.9%。由于试验区桃小食心虫种群密度较小,本次试验尚无法确定该迷向剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。     

(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol increase male attraction to sex pheromone trap in Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The effects of host-plant volatiles (HPVs) on male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and response to sex pheromone trap were studied in a pear orchard. Two HPVs compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol, combined with sex pheromone of G. molesta in traps were tested. The results showed that most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with these two HPVs compounds than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing 1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molestato pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or 1-undecanol.     

Management of insecticide resistance in Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations from Ontario

The development of resistance in the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) is a serious threat to the tender fruit industry in Ontario (50% crop losses in 1994). Resistance to carbamate insecticides and increased survival of field-collected moths at diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids were widespread. As a result, four different treatment regimes were tested to manage resistance in G molesta, and the changes in resistance frequencies under each treatment regime were monitored from 1996 to 1999. The data indicated that the levels of resistance were significantly influenced by the various treatment regimes. The seasonal pattern of resistance was similar for all treatment regimes, in that resistance peaked in mid-season and declined in the late season. Levels of resistance in G molesta to OPs decreased from 55% to 14% and that to pyrethroids declined from 30% to 10% from 1996 to 1999 under a treatment regime consisting of endosulfan-organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation. Similarly, under a treatment regime implemented in commercial orchards (organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation), resistance to OP insecticides declined from 50% to 12% and resistance to pyrethroids evolved to around 16%. The overall data indicated that resistance was unstable; a strategy based on rotation of insecticides by class for each generation of G molesta was successful in managing resistance to both OP and pyrethroid insecticides. The rotational strategy has been widely adopted by growers and is applied to ca 85% of the acreage.     

槐小卷蛾性信息素载体对诱蛾活性的影响

通过林间诱蛾试验 ,研究了性信息素载体的材料、颜色以及散发面积对槐小卷蛾雄蛾诱蛾活性的影响。结果表明 ,天然橡胶诱芯、乳胶管诱芯和硅橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性有明显差异 ,越冬代和第一代成虫发生期 ,天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于乳胶管诱芯的诱蛾活性。散发面积为 8.7cm²的天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于6.9cm²和4.8cm²的诱蛾活性。相同散发面积下 ,蓝颜色的天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于红颜色和绿颜色的诱蛾活性。因此 ,在槐小卷蛾性信息素监测与防治系统中 ,以蓝颜色的天然橡胶作为合成性信息素的载体最为适宜     

梨小食心虫过冷却点及结冰点测定

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta(Busck)是世界性的果树害虫,以老熟幼虫越冬。由于果树新品种的选育以及气候变暖等原因,梨小食心虫寄主植物的适生区扩大。为了明确梨小食心虫的耐寒能力,即是否可以随着寄主植物种植范围的扩大而向寒冷地区发生迁移,本试验对不同虫态、不同龄期幼虫、不同性别的蛹与成虫以及来源于不同环境下的幼虫的过冷却点和结冰点进行测定,进而为判断梨小食心虫是否可以顺利越冬提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)梨小食心虫不同发育阶段的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著,结冰点和过冷却点表现为幼虫蛹成虫;(2)不同龄期幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著。5龄幼虫的过冷却点(-12.47±0.27)℃与结冰点(-8.21±0.41)℃最低,4龄幼虫的过冷却点(-9.23±0.38)℃与结冰点(-5.06±0.37)℃最高;(3)雌雄成虫与蛹的过冷却点及结冰点差异不显著;(4)不同环境下幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著,外采幼虫的过冷却点(-24.42±0.69)℃和结冰点(-10.21±0.71)℃最低,室内幼虫经冷驯化后过冷却点降低。因此,在越冬过程中梨小食心虫老熟幼虫的抗寒能力较强,提前经历低温环境可提高其抗寒能力。     

Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): laboratory and field tests

BACKGROUND: Emamectin benzoate is a novel macrocyclic lactone insecticide derived from naturally occurring avermectin molecules isolated by fermentation from the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis Kim & Goodfellow. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, C. molesta (Busck), under laboratory and semi‐field conditions. RESULTS: Dose response bioassays showed that emamectin benzoate had a high level of intrinsic toxicity to early‐stage larvae of both species, and that contact activity might contribute significantly to mortality. In the semi‐field trials, residual toxicity lasted for more than 1 week. Ovicidal activity was recorded only for C. pomonella (approximately 30%), irrespective of the concentrations tested. Field trials confirmed the efficacy of emamectin benzoate on codling moth when applied at 7 day intervals. Fruit damage, both from the first and second generations, was comparable with that on treatment with chlorpyrifos‐ethyl, used as a chemical reference. CONCLUSION: Emamectin benzoate may be considered a valuable tool for the control of codling moth as a component of an IPM programme. Its collective advantages are: high efficacy, lack of cross‐resistance with currently used products, control of secondary pests such as oriental fruit moth and selective toxicity that spares beneficials. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Targeting Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults with low‐volume applications of insecticides alone and in combination with sex pheromone

BACKGROUND: Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low‐volume (12 L ha^?1) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation. RESULTS: Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100‐fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in > 90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC‐only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low‐volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites. CONCLUSION: Low‐volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective ‘attract and kill’ technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梨小食心虫对不同基质的产卵选择性

室内研究了梨小食心虫对蜡纸、PE保鲜膜、硫酸纸和玻璃载玻片4种基质的产卵选择性。结果发现,梨小食心虫在硫酸纸基质上的累积落卵量和卵孵化率最高,分别为70.75粒和79.39%,与蜡纸基质差异不显著(66.50粒和70.95%),但显著高于保鲜膜和玻璃两种基质(P0.05);5日龄和6日龄雌虫对硫酸纸的产卵选择率分别为33.33%和33.08%,与蜡纸基质差异不显著(32.26%和31.82%),而7日龄时对硫酸纸基质的产卵选择率为32.46%,显著高于其他3种基质。表明基质显著影响梨小食心虫的产卵场所选择,且不同日龄雌虫之间选择性存在差异,本研究结果为优化梨小食心虫人工饲养技术方案提供了依据和参考。     

Application technology of the sex pheromone of the tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

The sex pheromone of Ectropis grisescens, one of the primary defoliator insects of tea plantations, has been identified, but its trapping parameters have not been optimized for field application. In this study, we investigated the effects of pheromone dose, trap height and trap type on the effectiveness of trapping E. grisescens in the field. Our results show that the optimal pheromone dose is 800 μg. The bucket-funnel trap hung 40 cm below the tea canopy had the highest trapping efficiency. This study establishes optimized parameters for the pheromone trapping of E. grisescens in tea plantations.