皱纹盘鲍幼鲍室内越冬阶段电剥离技术的研究

对室内越冬幼鲍进行５种不同方式的剥离实验,以电剥离与温差刺激相结合的方式为最佳,单一使用温差刺激的剥离效果最差,酒精麻醉等其余３种幼鲍剥离方式的效果无显著差异。     

盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的杂交育苗技术

种质退化问题,导致我省鲍的育苗与养成病害日趋严重.杂交,是改良种质的重要手段.漳州市东山湾海珍品良种场利用产自日本的盘鲍(俗称黑鲍)和产自我国黄海的皱纹盘鲍开展杂交育苗试验,培育出杂交鲍苗.对比试验表明,杂交鲍苗比本地产的盘鲍苗生长较快、抗病力较强.现将试验情况总结如下.     

日本大鲍与皱纹盘鲍杂交的研究

利用从日本引进的大鲍，与我国产皱纹盘鲍进行了杂交育苗试验，在540m^2鲍育苗池中，1999年6月常温采苗至当年11月份，培育出平均壳长17.9mm的皱纹盘鲍雌与日本大鲍雄的杂交鲍苗180余万粒，单位面积出苗量为3300余粒／m^2。这些杂交鲍苗，经过1年多的室内饲育，至2000年11月平均个体壳长达37mm，最大个体壳长达45mm，显示出了良好的生产性状和一定的杂种优势。     

维生素A对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

对鱼类和甲壳类营养需求的研究证实 ,维生素Ａ是水产动物必不可少的营养素。有关皱纹盘鲍营养需要的研究 ,现有的资料多集中于其对主要营养素特别是蛋白质[1,2 ] 、氨基酸[3 ] 、脂肪[4 ,5] 、脂肪酸[6,7] 等的研究 ,而对微量营养素特别是维生素的研究却很少 ,除了对维生素Ｃ的研究外[8] ,尚是空白。本研究通过用不同浓度梯度维生素Ａ的饲料投喂皱纹盘鲍幼鲍 ,测定其生长指标 ,分析幼鲍软体部水分、蛋白质及脂肪含量以及贝壳中灰分、钙及磷含量的变化 ,来综合评价幼鲍饲料中维生素Ａ的适宜添加量 ,为生产实践中鲍饲料配方提供理论依据1　材…     

皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍杂交效果分析

从杂种优势的角度对皱纹盘鲍♀与盘鲍♂杂交子一代的经济性状进行分析。结果表明,4月龄杂交鲍子一代(F1)活体重比皱纹盘鲍增加36.87%,软体部干重增加33.21%,总干重增加29.20%,其它性状也显著优于皱纹盘鲍。杂交鲍F1的壳长、壳宽、活体重、软体部干重和总干重等主要性状的变异系数为12.94%~44.51%,其中软体部干重的变异系数最大,壳长的变异系数最小;且杂交鲍各性状的变异系数均大于皱纹盘鲍。杂交鲍子一代的变异有助于定向选择,提高杂交育种的效果。     

皱纹盘鲍与日本西氏鲍杂交育苗技术的初步研究

利用从日本引进的西氏鲍,与我国北方产皱纹盘鲍进行了杂交育苗试验,使杂交鲍苗越冬后成活率提高,生长快,抗病力强,显示出了良好的生产性状和一定的杂交优势。     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的ELISA检测法

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测法Ａｅｌｉｓａｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｏｆｆｅｓｔｅｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｄｊｕｖｅｎｉｌｅａｂａｌｏｎｅ叶林俞开康王如才（青岛海洋大学水产学院...     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的研究

从患有溃烂病的皱纹盘鲍幼鲍体上，分离到一种致病性细菌。经人工感染试验，证实该菌为皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病的病原菌。显微镜观察该细菌为革兰氏阴性，极生１～３根鞭毛，能运动的杆菌，大小为０．７～０．８×２．３～２．８ｕｍ。经细菌分类试验鉴定，该菌生长最适温度为２０～３０℃，最适ｐＨ值５．５～８．５。该菌在培养基Ｂ上产生蓝色的荧光素。能利用葡萄糖产酸不产气，果糖、Ｄ－半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、海藻糖发酵反应阳性，不能发酵乳糖、麦芽糖、鼠李糖、蔗糖，可分解山梨醇、肌醇、肌苷。过氧化氢酶、脲酶、氧化酶、及明胶液化反应阳性；能利用柠檬酸，不还原亚硝酸盐，不产生吲哚和硫化氢，ＭＲ和Ｖ．Ｐ．试验阴性。初步鉴定该病原菌为荧光假单胞杆菌。还进行了病原菌药敏试验，该菌对卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、恶喹酸敏感，这些药物可作为防治该病的首选药。     

光照强度对九孔鲍幼虫及幼鲍生长存活的影响

在自然光周期下，分别在高温长光照和低温短光照的两个节季节，采用控制光照强度的方法进行对九孔鲍幼虫及幼鲍50d左右培育的小型试验。结果表明，光照强度对附着基上摄食微藻的幼虫及幼鲍生长和存活等有重要的影响。对幼虫及幼鲍最适宜的光照强度，在高温长光照下为700－1200lx，在低温短光照下为1300－2000lx。选用适宜的光照强度在高温长光照和低温短光照下先后进行了3次经量育苗试验，获得了与小型试验相同的结果。     

磁化水对皱纹盘鲍生长影响的研究

水在磁场中可以被磁能活化,使水分子缔结链变小,活性增加。小分子水的渗透力、溶解力强,更容易穿过细胞膜,促进机体新陈代谢。本试验利用永磁铁使海水磁化激活,饲养皱纹盘鲍,试验结果显示,壳长2．0～2．5cm的幼鲍在三个月内增长率提高了1．3～1．6％,增重率提高了7％;饵料系数降低了1．7～2．1％;成活率提高了2．4～3．0％。     

Effects of light quality and intensity on the growth,survival and metamorphosis of Haliotis discus hannai Ino larvae

Light is a key environmental factor that influences the growth, culture and survival of aquatic organisms. This study examined the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue and green light) and intensities (5 μmol m^?2 s^?1, 15 μmol m^?2 s^?1 and 40 μmol m^?2 s^?1) on the hatching and metamorphosis of larva of Haliotis discus hannai Ino and the growth and survival of juveniles. It was found that under blue and green light, the hatching success rate and metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light quality (P < 0.05), and there was a decreasing trend with an increase in light intensity. Under red and orange light, the abnormality rate of trochophores in each light intensity treatment and the time required for the metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light group (P < 0.05). Both the abnormality and metamorphosis rates significantly increased with light intensity. Under white light, at an intensity of 40 μmol m^?2 s^?1, the settlement and size of larva at metamorphosis were significantly smaller than those for any other light intensity (P < 0.05). Under red and orange light, the SGR of juvenile abalone in each light intensity treatment was significantly lower than that in any other light group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was identified (P > 0.05). Therefore, selecting blue and green light and controlling the light intensity to 5–15 μmol m^?2 s^?1 during fingerling reproduction of abalone should increase the hatching success rate of larva and the yield per water body.     

Effects of the initial size, stocking density and sorting on the growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

During winter months, a novel overwintering mode of transferring juvenile abalones to open seawaters in southern China rather than keeping them in closed land-based nursery systems in northern China is a popular practice. The initial size, stocking density and sorting are among the first considerations when establishing an abalone culture system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, during overwintering. Juvenile abalones were reared in multi-tier basket form for overwintering in open seawaters in southern China for 106 days. The daily growth rates (DGRs) in the shell length of all experimental groups ranged from 67.08 to 135.75 μm day⁻¹, while the specific growth rates (SGRs) were 0.2447–0.3259% day⁻¹. Variance analysis indicated that both DGRs and SGRs in shell length were significantly affected by the initial body size and stocking density. Furthermore, the effects of stocking density on DGRs and SGRs varied with the initial size. However, sorting abalones according to their initial sizes may not be necessary in practice as sorting did not alter growth significantly at all densities in this study. Factors potentially affecting abalone growth such as genetic control and intraspecific competition were discussed.     

Perception of light intensity by Haliotis discus discus based on locomotor activity patterns

ABSTRACT:   An apparatus to measure the locomotor activity of aquatic benthic organisms at variable low light levels was developed and the diurnal behavioral pattern of the abalone Haliotis discus discus was measured at various low light intensities. During the experiment, abalone were exposed to 12 h light–dark cycles of complete darkness, 0 µmol/m²/s throughout the 12 h dark cycle and, during periods I (days 1–8) and III (days 19–26), the 12 h light cycles were set at 10 µmol/m²/s. During period II (days 10–17), abalone were exposed to a light level during the 12 h light cycles of 1 × 10⁻⁵, 1 × 10⁻⁶, 1 × 10⁻⁷ or 1 × 10⁻⁸ µmol/m²/s and the changes in locomotor activity assessed. At daytime levels of 1 × 10⁻⁵ µmol/m²/s, typical behavioral patterns were observed of high locomotory activity during the night-time cycle. However, at lower light intensities, the distinction between day and night activity patterns became less clear and, at intensities lower than 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s, the difference between activity during the light and dark cycles became negligible. Based on this, we conclude that the threshold of light level perception in relation to locomotor activity is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s. The significance of these results in relation to the entrainment of behavior in abalone is discussed.     

Effects of dietary guaiacol on shell biomineralization of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Ino

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of guaiacol on shell biomineralization of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Seven semi-purified diets were formulated with graded levels of guaiacol (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹). Abalone (initial weight: 0.29±0.01 g; initial shell length: 8.55±0.27 mm) were fed with these diets in a re-circulated water system for 152 days. The results showed that the contents of calcite in the shell increased significantly with dietary guaiacol levels, but the aragonite content decreased significantly. Dietary guaiacol significantly decreased the contents of calcium and strontium, but significantly increased the magnesium content in the shell. The effects of dietary guaiacol on the contents of phosphorus and zinc in shell were not significant. It was obvious that the ratio of potential acidic/basic amino acids [(Asx+Glx)/(Lys+Arg+His)] in the shell was elevated by dietary guaiacol. In conclusion, dietary guaiacol has effects on both the mineralogy and the amino acid composition in the shell. Furthermore, changes in mineralogy are related to the ratio of (Asx+Glx)/(Lys+Arg+His) in the shell.     

不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响

试验研究人工配合饲料、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)(下称江蓠)、江蓠 裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、江蓠 肠浒苔(Enteromorpha intesinalis)、江蓠 裂片石莼 肠浒苔共5种饵料搭配方式对黑鲍幼鲍生长和存活的影响。试验进行35d,结果表明:(1)不同试验组之间的幼鲍的存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同试验处理对幼鲍的生长有显著影响(P<0.05)。江蓠 浒苔组、人工配合饲料组的黑鲍的特定生长率都显著大于其它饵料组(P<0.05);饲喂混合海藻的黑鲍的特定生长率显著大于单一海藻组(P<0.05)。壳长增长率、湿重增重率和干重增重率亦呈相似趋势。(3)幼鲍对不同饵料组合的转化效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在水温较高时用江蓠、石莼和浒苔组成的混合饵料代替人工配合饲料饲养幼鲍,同样可以达到高的生长率。     

Effect of tremata closures on the oxygen consumption rhythm of ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Cultured adults of ezo abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (shell length, 89.3 ± 6.4 mm and flesh dry weight, 13.0 ± 1.6 g; n = 12) were exposed to different temperatures (10 and 25 °C) to determine whether respiration effects were induced by artificial closure of the second and third tremata (respiratory pores). A respirometer was used to determine the oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) as measures of metabolic activity. The closed tremata were the second and third of the four open tremata anterior to the head of the abalone. The OCRs of starved abalone were measured under constant conditions (CC: constant dark and constant temperature) during a 240-h period, consisting of 120 h before and 120 h after the closure of tremata. The endogenous rhythm of the OCRs in cultured ezo abalone exhibited a dominant circadian rhythm (unimodal rhythm) in the latter half of the experimental period and occasionally showed a weaker but similar circatidal rhythm (bimodal rhythm) in the first half of the experimental period regardless of temperature. The results from the present study indicate that the rhythmicity of the OCRs in starved abalone is not affected by closure of the second and third tremata. This study offers essential physiological information for utilizing tremata in developing a tagging technique in abalone.