日本大鲍与皱纹盘鲍杂交的研究

利用从日本引进的大鲍,与我国产皱纹盘鲍进行了杂交育苗试验,在540m^2鲍育苗池中,1999年6月常温采苗至当年11月份,培育出平均壳长17.9mm的皱纹盘鲍雌与日本大鲍雄的杂交鲍苗180余万粒,单位面积出苗量为3300余粒／m^2。这些杂交鲍苗,经过1年多的室内饲育,至2000年11月平均个体壳长达37mm,最大个体壳长达45mm,显示出了良好的生产性状和一定的杂种优势。     

盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的杂交育苗技术

种质退化问题,导致我省鲍的育苗与养成病害日趋严重.杂交,是改良种质的重要手段.漳州市东山湾海珍品良种场利用产自日本的盘鲍(俗称黑鲍)和产自我国黄海的皱纹盘鲍开展杂交育苗试验,培育出杂交鲍苗.对比试验表明,杂交鲍苗比本地产的盘鲍苗生长较快、抗病力较强.现将试验情况总结如下.     

皱纹盘鲍与绿鲍杂交种生长比较

为探明皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)与绿鲍(Haliotis fulgens)种间杂交的受精、孵化和苗种发育规律,对皱纹盘鲍和绿鲍进行种间杂交,检测了不同组合受精率和孵化率,并以同期培育的皱纹盘鲍与绿鲍种间杂交F1 (DF)、自繁F1(DD、FF)及回交F1(DD×DF、DD×FD)为研究对象...     

维生素A对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

对鱼类和甲壳类营养需求的研究证实 ,维生素Ａ是水产动物必不可少的营养素。有关皱纹盘鲍营养需要的研究 ,现有的资料多集中于其对主要营养素特别是蛋白质[1,2 ] 、氨基酸[3 ] 、脂肪[4 ,5] 、脂肪酸[6,7] 等的研究 ,而对微量营养素特别是维生素的研究却很少 ,除了对维生素Ｃ的研究外[8] ,尚是空白。本研究通过用不同浓度梯度维生素Ａ的饲料投喂皱纹盘鲍幼鲍 ,测定其生长指标 ,分析幼鲍软体部水分、蛋白质及脂肪含量以及贝壳中灰分、钙及磷含量的变化 ,来综合评价幼鲍饲料中维生素Ａ的适宜添加量 ,为生产实践中鲍饲料配方提供理论依据1　材…     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍室内越冬阶段电剥离技术的研究

对室内越冬幼鲍进行５种不同方式的剥离实验,以电剥离与温差刺激相结合的方式为最佳,单一使用温差刺激的剥离效果最差,酒精麻醉等其余３种幼鲍剥离方式的效果无显著差异。     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的ELISA检测法

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测法Ａｅｌｉｓａｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｏｆｆｅｓｔｅｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｄｊｕｖｅｎｉｌｅａｂａｌｏｎｅ叶林俞开康王如才（青岛海洋大学水产学院...     

皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍杂交效果分析

从杂种优势的角度对皱纹盘鲍♀与盘鲍♂杂交子一代的经济性状进行分析。结果表明,4月龄杂交鲍子一代(F1)活体重比皱纹盘鲍增加36.87%,软体部干重增加33.21%,总干重增加29.20%,其它性状也显著优于皱纹盘鲍。杂交鲍F1的壳长、壳宽、活体重、软体部干重和总干重等主要性状的变异系数为12.94%~44.51%,其中软体部干重的变异系数最大,壳长的变异系数最小;且杂交鲍各性状的变异系数均大于皱纹盘鲍。杂交鲍子一代的变异有助于定向选择,提高杂交育种的效果。     

皱纹盘鲍与日本西氏鲍杂交育苗技术的初步研究

利用从日本引进的西氏鲍,与我国北方产皱纹盘鲍进行了杂交育苗试验,使杂交鲍苗越冬后成活率提高,生长快,抗病力强,显示出了良好的生产性状和一定的杂交优势。     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的研究

从患有溃烂病的皱纹盘鲍幼鲍体上,分离到一种致病性细菌。经人工感染试验,证实该菌为皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病的病原菌。显微镜观察该细菌为革兰氏阴性,极生１～３根鞭毛,能运动的杆菌,大小为０．７～０．８×２．３～２．８ｕｍ。经细菌分类试验鉴定,该菌生长最适温度为２０～３０℃,最适ｐＨ值５．５～８．５。该菌在培养基Ｂ上产生蓝色的荧光素。能利用葡萄糖产酸不产气,果糖、Ｄ－半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、海藻糖发酵反应阳性,不能发酵乳糖、麦芽糖、鼠李糖、蔗糖,可分解山梨醇、肌醇、肌苷。过氧化氢酶、脲酶、氧化酶、及明胶液化反应阳性;能利用柠檬酸,不还原亚硝酸盐,不产生吲哚和硫化氢,ＭＲ和Ｖ．Ｐ．试验阴性。初步鉴定该病原菌为荧光假单胞杆菌。还进行了病原菌药敏试验,该菌对卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、恶喹酸敏感,这些药物可作为防治该病的首选药。     

Effects of the initial size, stocking density and sorting on the growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

During winter months, a novel overwintering mode of transferring juvenile abalones to open seawaters in southern China rather than keeping them in closed land-based nursery systems in northern China is a popular practice. The initial size, stocking density and sorting are among the first considerations when establishing an abalone culture system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, during overwintering. Juvenile abalones were reared in multi-tier basket form for overwintering in open seawaters in southern China for 106 days. The daily growth rates (DGRs) in the shell length of all experimental groups ranged from 67.08 to 135.75 μm day⁻¹, while the specific growth rates (SGRs) were 0.2447–0.3259% day⁻¹. Variance analysis indicated that both DGRs and SGRs in shell length were significantly affected by the initial body size and stocking density. Furthermore, the effects of stocking density on DGRs and SGRs varied with the initial size. However, sorting abalones according to their initial sizes may not be necessary in practice as sorting did not alter growth significantly at all densities in this study. Factors potentially affecting abalone growth such as genetic control and intraspecific competition were discussed.     

Perception of light intensity by Haliotis discus discus based on locomotor activity patterns

ABSTRACT:   An apparatus to measure the locomotor activity of aquatic benthic organisms at variable low light levels was developed and the diurnal behavioral pattern of the abalone Haliotis discus discus was measured at various low light intensities. During the experiment, abalone were exposed to 12 h light–dark cycles of complete darkness, 0 µmol/m²/s throughout the 12 h dark cycle and, during periods I (days 1–8) and III (days 19–26), the 12 h light cycles were set at 10 µmol/m²/s. During period II (days 10–17), abalone were exposed to a light level during the 12 h light cycles of 1 × 10⁻⁵, 1 × 10⁻⁶, 1 × 10⁻⁷ or 1 × 10⁻⁸ µmol/m²/s and the changes in locomotor activity assessed. At daytime levels of 1 × 10⁻⁵ µmol/m²/s, typical behavioral patterns were observed of high locomotory activity during the night-time cycle. However, at lower light intensities, the distinction between day and night activity patterns became less clear and, at intensities lower than 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s, the difference between activity during the light and dark cycles became negligible. Based on this, we conclude that the threshold of light level perception in relation to locomotor activity is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s. The significance of these results in relation to the entrainment of behavior in abalone is discussed.     

Effects of dietary guaiacol on shell biomineralization of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Ino

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of guaiacol on shell biomineralization of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Seven semi-purified diets were formulated with graded levels of guaiacol (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹). Abalone (initial weight: 0.29±0.01 g; initial shell length: 8.55±0.27 mm) were fed with these diets in a re-circulated water system for 152 days. The results showed that the contents of calcite in the shell increased significantly with dietary guaiacol levels, but the aragonite content decreased significantly. Dietary guaiacol significantly decreased the contents of calcium and strontium, but significantly increased the magnesium content in the shell. The effects of dietary guaiacol on the contents of phosphorus and zinc in shell were not significant. It was obvious that the ratio of potential acidic/basic amino acids [(Asx+Glx)/(Lys+Arg+His)] in the shell was elevated by dietary guaiacol. In conclusion, dietary guaiacol has effects on both the mineralogy and the amino acid composition in the shell. Furthermore, changes in mineralogy are related to the ratio of (Asx+Glx)/(Lys+Arg+His) in the shell.     

不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响

试验研究人工配合饲料、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)(下称江蓠)、江蓠 裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、江蓠 肠浒苔(Enteromorpha intesinalis)、江蓠 裂片石莼 肠浒苔共5种饵料搭配方式对黑鲍幼鲍生长和存活的影响。试验进行35d,结果表明:(1)不同试验组之间的幼鲍的存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同试验处理对幼鲍的生长有显著影响(P<0.05)。江蓠 浒苔组、人工配合饲料组的黑鲍的特定生长率都显著大于其它饵料组(P<0.05);饲喂混合海藻的黑鲍的特定生长率显著大于单一海藻组(P<0.05)。壳长增长率、湿重增重率和干重增重率亦呈相似趋势。(3)幼鲍对不同饵料组合的转化效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在水温较高时用江蓠、石莼和浒苔组成的混合饵料代替人工配合饲料饲养幼鲍,同样可以达到高的生长率。     

不同方式加工海带投喂盘鲍幼鲍生长速度比较

将初始壳长1.890.20cm的盘鲍幼鲍随机分配到3个试验组,每组50只,每个试验组各设4个平行组。第1组:投喂盐渍海带;第2组:投喂煮沸海带;第3组(对照组):投喂晒干海带。试验用鲍在同一口水泥池中饲养50d,投喂足量饵料。投喂盐渍海带盘鲍幼鲍的日均壳长增长(P<0.001)及平体重增长率(P<0.05)均明显高于对照组,但投喂煮沸海带盘鲍幼鲍的日均壳长增(P>0.05)及平均体重增长率(P>0.05)与对照组无明显差异。     

Effects of temperature on growth of juvenile blackfoot abalone, Haliotis iris Gmelin

The effects of temperature on growth and survival of juvenile blackfoot abalone, Haliotis iris, were investigated. Animals of 10, 30 or 60 mm initial shell length were exposed to ambient (6–10°C), 14, 18, 22 and 26°C for 112 days in a flow‐through culture system. Maximum growth occurred at 22°C for the 10 and 30 mm size classes and at 18°C for the 60 mm size class. Regression analysis identified the optimal temperature for growth (T_optG) at around 21°C for the 10 and 30 mm size classes and at 17–18°C for the largest size class. In a second experiment, the critical thermal maximum of H. iris was determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalone were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 2°C h^?1 until they detached from the substrate. Abalone of 10 mm displayed greater thermal tolerance than abalone of 30 and 60 mm in length. CT₅₀ temperatures were 28.8, 27.7 and 27.8°C, yielding deduced T_optG values of 19.7, 18.3 and 18.4°C for the 10, 30 and 60 mm size classes respectively. The size‐dependent nature of the relationship between growth and temperature could be capitalized upon in recirculating aquaculture systems.     

密度及饵料对鲍苗生长与成活率的影响

研究了后期面盘幼虫不同采苗密度、不同底栖硅藻与稚鲍不同培育密度,对鲍苗的生长与成活率的影响。认为最佳采苗密度应为2万个／m2后期面盘幼虫;当地底栖硅藻混合种的饵料效果优于纯种,剥离后稚鲍的培育密度不直超过4000粒／m2。在640m2水面中有出壳长1．2～1．5cm鲍苗201．6万粒,平均出苗量3150粒／m2。专家鉴定认为,本课题在皱纹盘鲍不同育苗密度、不同饵料对育苗效果的研究方面居国内领先水平。