旋毛虫各隔离种成虫在小鼠肠道中的分布

以旋毛虫国际标准种旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa）为对照，对黑龙江省猪、旋毛虫成虫在小鼠肠道中的分布进行了比较研究，研究结果表明：分别有76.3%，80.67%和86.18%，88.30%的猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis和旋毛虫、T.nativa分布于小肠的前、中段。说明猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis、犬旋毛虫、T.nativa的成虫均主要分布于小肠的前、中段，但犬旋毛虫、T.nativa、所占比例明显高于猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis，差异极显著（P＜0.01）。研究结果揭示，黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis），犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫（Trichinella.native）。     

旋毛虫各隔离种成虫肠期持续时间的研究

以旋毛虫国际标准种：旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichiella nativa）为对照，对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫成虫肠期持续时间了比较研究，研究结果表明：4个旋毛虫隔离种均在感染后的6－8d成虫回收率最高；猪旋毛虫和Txspiralis成虫肠期持续时间分别为22d和20d，犬旋毛虫和T.nativa分别为16d和14d。研究结果揭示，黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis），犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa）。     

旋毛虫各隔离种对低温耐受性的研究

用来自哈尔滨地区猪、犬体内的旋毛虫和国际标准虫株旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis)、本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa)同时感染猪，在－22℃和－32℃条件下对感染了各旋毛虫的猪肉进行冷冻性试验，结果表明：哈尔滨地区猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis不耐低温，－32℃冷冻12h，－22℃冷冻48h全部死亡；而犬旋毛和T.nativa对低温抵抗力较强，－32℃、72h，－22℃、168h才全部死亡。     

旋毛虫各隔离种对猪的感染性和低温耐受性的研究

用消化法所得的猪旋毛虫、犬旋毛虫、旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nati-va）分别感染猪和小鼠,以观察其感染性,同时在-22℃和-32℃条件下对其进行冷冻试验。结果表明:4个旋毛虫隔离种对猪的感染性存在着明显差异,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对猪易感,其繁殖力指数（RCI）分别为385.68±41.51和300.55±12.45;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对猪不易感,RCI分别是0.064±0.031和0.033±0.033。猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫不耐低温,在猪体内-32℃、24 h,-22℃、72 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、12 h即全部死亡。而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫对低温抵抗力较强,在猪体内-32℃、72h,-22℃、192 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、48 h才失去感染性。结果揭示:黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫,犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫;犬旋毛虫和T.nativa很难通过猪的感染而对人体健康构成威胁。     

旋毛虫各隔离种ITSⅡ区基因克隆和序列分析

克隆了6个不同旋毛虫隔离种的核糖体RNAITSⅡ区的基因片段，序列分析结果表明，黑龙江省猪旋毛虫和猫旋毛虫为旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）；犬旋毛虫为本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa）。结果与传统的分类结果基本一致，为传统的分类学方法提供了基础依据。     

旋毛虫ITSⅡ区基因的克隆及其在分类学上的应用

克隆了6个不同旋毛虫隔离种的核糖体RNA ITSⅡ区的基因片段，序列分析结果表明，黑龙江省猪旋毛虫和猫旋毛虫为旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）；犬旋毛虫为本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa），与传统的分类结果基本一致，为传统的分类学方法提供了基础依据。     

黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫隔离种对兔的感染性研究

本文以旋毛虫国际标准种:旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)为对照,从生物学方面对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫病进行了分类研究,研究结果表明,4个旋毛虫隔离种对兔的感染性存在着明显差异,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对兔的感染性较强,其在兔体内的繁殖力指数(RCI)分别为62.29和143.05;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对兔易感性差,其在兔体内的RCI分别是10.65和12.19。     

各旋毛虫隔离种某些生物学特性研究

通过对猪、犬旋毛虫和国际标准隔离种：旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa)的研究发现，猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫在小鼠隔肌中出现保姆细胞的时间比较早，分别于感染第16天和18天出现，第38天和36天所有幼虫都已形成保姆细胞，而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫出现保姆细胞的时间较晚，于感染第20天和22天出现，第32天完全形成。猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫雌虫体外培养24小时平均产新生幼虫数分别为66．0和76．2，而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫分别是28．8和22．0，前二者在雌虫体外产新生幼虫能力上明显高于后二者。研究结果表明，黑龙江猪旋毛虫为旋毛形线虫，犬旋毛虫为本地毛形线虫。     

各隔离株旋毛虫感染性的研究

以旋毛虫国际标准种 :旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa )为对照 ,对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫对大、小鼠和猪的感染性进行了比较研究。结果表明 :4个旋毛虫隔离株均对大鼠不易感 ,但相对犬旋毛虫和 T.nativa而言 ,猪旋毛虫和 T.spiralis对大鼠的感染性较高 (P <0 .0 1)。猪旋毛虫、 T.spiralis、犬旋毛虫、T.nativa在大鼠体内的繁殖力指数 (RCI)分别为 (35 .0 2± 8.37)、(32 .10± 7.77)和 (2 .90±1.71)、(2 .6 6± 2 .19)。 4个旋毛虫隔离株对小鼠和猪的感染性存在着明显差异 ,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对小鼠和猪的感染性较强 ,其在小鼠体内 RCI分别为 (137.4 1± 7.80 )和 (15 9.86±7.4 7) ,在猪体内的 RCI分别是 (385 .6 8±4 1.5 1)和 (30 0 .5 5± 12 .4 5 ) ;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对小鼠和猪的易感性差 ,其在小鼠体内 RCI分别是 (6 4.98± 5 .0 5 )和 (5 8.15±4 .6 9) ,在猪体内的 RCI分别为 (0 .0 6 4± 0 .0 31)和 (0 .0 33± 0 .0 33)。研究结果揭示 ,黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫 (Trichinellaspiralis) ,犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa )     

旋毛虫各隔离株某些生物学特性的研究

以旋毛虫国际标准种:旋毛形线虫(Trichinellaspiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinellanativa)为对照,从生物学方面对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫进行了比较研究,结果表明:猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis在小鼠膈肌中出现保姆细胞(Nursecell,NC)的时间为感染后第16和18天,第38和36天所有肌型幼虫都形成了NC,而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa为感染后20和22天,第32天完全形成;猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis、犬旋毛虫、T.nativa成虫肠期持续时间分别为22,20,16,14天;4个旋毛虫隔离株成虫均主要位于小肠的前、中段,但犬旋毛虫、T.nativa所占比例明显高于猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis,差异极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果揭示,黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫(Trichinellaspiralis),犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫(Trichinellanativa)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …