樱桃锉叶病毒的初鉴定和防治

1997～2000年对大连地区凌水镇大山村樱桃品种资源园调查发现,锉叶病毒是该区樱桃树致病的主要原因.通过病毒的提纯、电镜观察和紫外分光光度计的检测,进一步确定该病毒为樱桃锉叶病毒.并探讨了樱桃锉叶病毒的防治.     

甜樱桃病毒病及苗木脱毒技术研究进展

综述了近年来国内外甜樱桃病毒病及相关苗木脱毒技术的研究进展,对李属坏死环斑病毒、李矮缩病毒、樱桃绿环斑驳病毒、樱桃病毒A、樱桃小果病毒、樱桃卷叶病毒等甜樱桃常见病毒病的种类、危害及特性进行了分析;对热处理法、微茎尖法、化学药剂法和基因工程技术4大类甜樱桃常用苗木脱毒技术进行了阐述。     

不同繁育方式对樱桃幼苗主要病毒病的影响

【目的】调查不同繁育方式获得樱桃苗木的病毒携带情况,为今后樱桃苗木最适繁育方式的选择以及苗木无毒化栽培管理提供理论指导。【方法】采取对角线五点取样法随机采集中国樱桃实生苗、樱桃砧木扦插苗、甜樱桃实生苗的样本各30份,樱桃砧木组培苗60份,采用RT-PCR法对6种病毒进行检测。【结果】6种病毒检测结果均呈阳性,经序列分析证明,6种病毒片段与GenBank中已登录的病毒核苷酸序列有较高一致性。本实验田间随机取样的中国樱桃实生苗、樱桃砧木扦插苗、樱桃砧木组培苗、甜樱桃实生苗的带毒率分别为86.67%、70.00%、0%和76.67%。中国樱桃实生苗样本植株带毒率为86.67%,单独侵染PNRSV的比例较高,为53.33%;樱桃砧木扦插苗的样本中樱桃坏死锈斑病毒(CNRMV)、李属坏死斑病毒(PNRSV)和樱桃绿环斑驳病毒(CGRMV)检出率分别为36.67%、26.67%和20.00%,这3种病毒樱桃扦插苗田间携带率较高;甜樱桃实生苗的田间带毒率为76.67%,其中95.66%为樱桃病毒A(CVA)单独侵染;从两个不同产区所取樱桃砧木组培苗(共60份样品)未检测到樱桃常见6种病毒。【结论】中国樱桃实生苗与砧木扦插苗的田间带毒率均较高,分别为86.67%和70.00%。甜樱桃种子不可默认为无病毒携带,反而极易感染与传播樱桃病毒A(CVA),并非无毒苗最佳繁育材料。     

樱桃小果病及防控技术

樱桃小果病是近年来严重威胁甜樱桃产业的病毒性病害。对导致樱桃小果病的两种病毒进行了系统分析,总结了当前检测樱桃小果病病毒的主要方法,并对樱桃小果病的预防和管理方法进行分析,为生产中樱桃小果病的防控提供参考。     

叶用萝卜植物学特性及营养价值研究

调查了叶用萝卜品种"叶美人"、"叶太郎"、"日本樱桃"以及"叶大根"的生物学特性及营养价值,以期为叶用萝卜生产提供科学依据。结果表明:4个参试品种"叶太郎"的叶色为深绿,而"叶美人"、"日本樱桃"和"叶大根"为绿色,"日本樱桃"的叶片略带毛刺;植株生长习性均为半直立;"日本樱桃"萝卜风味甘平,而"叶美人"、"叶太郎"、"叶大根"则略辛辣。"日本樱桃"萝卜肉质根外表皮为红色,肉质为白色,其余3个品种的外表皮和肉质部分均为白色。营养成分方面,"叶太郎"的可溶性糖含量略高,而"日本樱桃"萝卜的蛋白质含量最高。叶用萝卜生长速度快、易管理,可以作为绿叶类蔬菜进行栽培。     

基于重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA）技术的樱桃病毒A（CVA）的检测方法

根据樱桃病毒 A（cherry virus A，CVA）外壳蛋白基因序列的保守区设计特异性引物和探针，建立了樱桃中 CVA 的重组酶聚合酶扩增（recombinase polymerase amplification，RPA）检测方法。该方法可在恒温 38 ℃条件下进行，40 min 即可完成检测。灵敏度试验表明，采用 RPA 方法检测 CVA 的灵敏性是 PCR 方法的 10 倍，且与侵染樱桃的另外 6 种病毒和 1 种类病毒无交叉反应。此外，具有标记的扩增子可通过侧向流试纸条直接观察结果。采用该方法检测田间样品效果良好。     

核果类果树的主要病毒病害（续三）

核果类果树的主要病毒病害（续三）于绍夫（烟台经济植物研究所２６４００１）４．２症状（续上期４０页）４．樱桃小果病樱桃小果病（Ｌｉｔｔｌｅｃｈｅｒｒｙ）是甜樱桃和酸樱桃的重要病毒病害。１９３３年首先在加拿大Ｂ·Ｃ·省发现，１９４７年确定为病毒病害（Ｆｏ...     

宁夏番茄黄化曲叶病毒病分子鉴定及防控措施

以番茄品种“安娜”、“欧盾”和樱桃番茄品种“KH-1”为试材,采用PCR技术对从宁夏采集的6份番茄黄化曲叶病样品进行分子鉴定.结果表明:6份样品全部被番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCV)侵染.并指出应选用抗性品种、严控烟粉虱发生,以控制番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发生.     

樱桃番茄叶霉病和黄萎病的综合防治

1樱桃番茄叶霉病 樱桃番茄叶霉病是一种普遍发生的重要病害,有的温室、大棚保护地常年发生,危害日趋严重,给生产上造成巨大损失。     

大窝篓叶樱桃成龄树大棚栽培试验

大窝篓叶樱桃成龄树大棚栽培试验彭智杰（山东省枣庄市山亭区果业局,２７７２００）大窝篓叶樱桃是山东省枣庄市中国樱桃主栽品种,以果实大,着色好,含糖量高而著称。但因其开花早,花期易遭冻害而导致严重减产。为解决这一问题,笔者于１９９５—１９９８年对大窝篓叶...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.