黑果腺肋花楸紫胡萝卜复合果汁的工艺研究

通过对黑果腺肋花楸紫胡萝卜复合果汁品质影响较大的黑果腺肋花楸汁、紫胡萝卜浆、白砂糖、蜂蜜、柠檬酸、黄原胶、CMC-Na 7个原料添加量等单因素进行研究,以感官评分为评价指标,通过正交试验得出复合果汁的最佳配方中各组分添加量为黑果腺肋花楸汁30%,紫胡萝卜浆20%,白砂糖8%,蜂蜜2%,柠檬酸0.06%,黄原胶0.06%,CMC-Na 0.05%。     

南瓜绿豆复合饮料的研制

以南瓜和绿豆为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对复合饮料制作工艺进行研究。结果表明,最佳配方为柠檬酸添加量0.08%,白砂糖添加量10%,奶粉添加量0.5%,南瓜汁与绿豆汁的体积比2∶3,添加0.1%黄原胶和0.2% CMC-Na的复合稳定剂。     

基于模糊数学综合评判优化酸枣仁复合饮料配方

以酸枣仁、茯苓、薏苡仁、百合和大枣为主要原料,通过模糊数学及正交试验等方法优化酸枣仁复合饮料配方。结果表明,酸枣仁复合饮料的最优配方为：复合澄清汁添加量35%（质量分数,下同）,蜂蜜添加量2.4%,柠檬酸添加量0.1%,蔗糖添加量6%,柠檬酸钾添加量0.4%;最佳稳定剂组合为：羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）添加量0.20%,黄原胶添加量0.01%,果胶添加量0.15%。该配方下制得的复合饮料色泽纯正,呈浅黄色,酸甜适宜,状态稳定,富有独特的枣香气。     

核桃银耳复合饮料的研制

以核桃、银耳为主要原料,研制出核桃银耳复合饮料,并通过正交试验对复合饮料的配方和复合稳定剂配比进行了优化。结果表明,核桃银耳复合饮料的最佳工艺配方为核桃浆添加量25%,银耳汁添加量25%,蜂蜜添加量12%,pH值6.5;复合稳定剂配比为CMC-Na添加量0.10%,黄原胶添加量0.20%,单甘酯添加量0.09%,蔗糖酯添加量0.05%。     

燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方优化及工艺研究

以燕麦和鹰嘴豆为原料,参考联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）规定的氨基酸组成标准模式,确定了燕麦和鹰嘴豆最佳氨基酸互补质量比为138∶18。在单因素试验的基础上对燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方进行正交试验优化,并在最佳复合饮料配方基础上,通过响应面试验对其稳定性进行优化。结果表明,燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳配方为：料液比（燕麦鹰嘴豆复合粉∶水）1∶16（g/mL）,白砂糖添加量20 g/L,柠檬酸添加量2 g/L,在此条件下配制的复合饮料口感最佳,感官评分为88.63±0.97分;燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳稳定剂配方为：羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）添加量0.8 g/L,黄原胶添加量0.5 g/L,海藻酸钠添加量0.3 g/L,在此条件下复合饮料稳定性最高,离心沉淀率为12.40%±0.07%。该试验结果为谷豆类复合饮料加工提供了理论支撑。     

红肉火龙果浊汁饮料的研究

以红肉火龙果为原料,经打浆、调配、均质、杀菌等工艺,研制红肉火龙果饮料。采用正交试验对饮料的配方及稳定剂进行筛选。结果表明,红肉火龙果浊汁饮料的最佳配方为柠檬酸添加量0.20%,白砂糖添加量10%,红肉火龙果原浆添加量11%;最适稳定剂组成为黄原胶添加量0.005%,CMC-Na添加量0.003%,结冷胶添加量0.004%。     

山楂决明子苹果醋复合饮料的研制

通过在苹果醋中添加山楂汁、决明子汁、木糖醇、柠檬酸,开发一种复合型饮料。以感官评分为指标,采用单因素试验结合正交试验筛选最优配方。结果表明,复合饮料最佳配方为：以苹果醋为基液,山楂汁添加量20%,决明子汁添加量15%,木糖醇添加量10 g/L,柠檬酸添加量0.15 g/L;按该配方制备的山楂决明子苹果醋复合饮料,色泽透亮、口感纯正、酸甜可口、具有山楂和苹果特有的果香味;蛋白质含量为8.6 mg/100 mL,总酸含量为5.9 g/100 mL,总糖含量为3.6 mg/100 mL,微生物指标检测结果符合相关国家标准。     

黑果腺肋花楸黑枸杞复合饮料工艺研究

以黑果腺肋花楸、黑枸杞为主要原料,研究黑果腺肋花楸黑枸杞复合饮料的配方和工艺。结果表明,最佳配方为黑果腺肋花楸浆添加量20%,黑枸杞浆添加量40%,白砂糖添加量10%,柠檬酸添加量0.10%,黄原胶添加量0.08%,CMC-Na添加量0.06%,果胶添加量0.04%。由此配方和工艺制成的黑果腺肋花楸黑枸杞复合饮料色泽好,呈紫黑色;组织状态好,不析水;口感清香,复合饮料酸甜适口、风味独特。     

猴头菇枸杞复合饮料的制备工艺

以猴头菇、枸杞为主要原料,辅以白砂糖、柠檬酸等辅料,对猴头菇枸杞复合饮料的配方和工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验和正交试验对复合饮料的最佳配比和生产工艺进行了优化。结果表明,饮料的最佳配比为猴头菇汁与枸杞汁配比3∶1,白砂糖添加量6%,柠檬酸添加量0.12%。通过稳定性试验确定最佳稳定剂添加量为果胶0.10%,CMC-Na 0.07%,黄原胶0.04%。在此条件下,所得复合饮料颜色透明均一、口感优良、风味独特,有良好的稳定性,营养价值丰富。     

响应面法优化山药葡萄复合饮料的制作

以山药和葡萄为主要原料制备复合饮料,采用单因素试验得出山药与水的最佳配比为1∶6(g∶g);在单因素试验基础上,经Box-Behnken响应面优化法,最终确定山药葡萄复合饮料的最佳配方为白砂糖添加量5.17%,柠檬酸添加量0.16%,山药汁∶葡萄汁配比值0.59,在此配方下山药葡萄复合饮料感官评分为92.10分。采用正交试验确定了产品的最佳稳定剂配方,即黄原胶添加量0.15%,CMC添加量0.30%,海藻酸钠添加量0.10%。     

氮肥水平对强筋小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

为明确强筋小麦产量与效率相协同的最优施氮量,试验选用‘济麦20’和‘洲元9369’ 2个优质强筋小麦品种为试验材料,设置0、120、180、240、300 kg N/hm ²等5个施氮水平,用烘干法和凯氏定氮法分别测定小麦成熟期干物质量积累和含氮量,用以计算小麦氮素积累及氮素利用相关指标。结果表明,随氮肥投入量的增加,小麦产量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中‘济麦20’在N180和N240下达最高产量7.28 t/hm ²和7.26 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于相对平衡的产量构成因素以及较高的干物质积累量（平均18.54 t/hm ²）;‘洲元9369’在N180下产量最高达7.75 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于较高的单位面积穗数(970.65万/hm ²)、穗粒数（30.83粒）、较高的干物质积累量(20.77 t/hm ²)和收获指数(37.33%)。虽然氮肥偏生产力随着氮肥施用量的增加逐渐下降,但两品种的氮肥回收效率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥生理利用效率均可在N180条件下达到最高值,其中,‘济麦20’最高值分别为62.67%、5.71 kg/kg、9.11 kg/kg,‘洲元9369’的最高值分别为63.65%、7.33 kg/kg、11.55 kg/kg。综合产量水平和氮素利用相关指标,本区域强筋小麦生产中产量与氮素利用效率相协同的施氮量为180 kg/hm ²。     

油菜的生长发育和醣、氮及脂肪代谢特点的初步研究

研究了不同类型油菜品种外部器官的形成、生长与体內醣、氮及脂肪代谢的关系。产量以甘兰类型较白菜类型高。叶面积高峯出现在盛花期前后,净同化率呈“S”形曲线。现蕾抽苔期醣代谢起着主导作用,绝大多数同化产物分配在茎中,同时需肥最多。种子成熟过程含油量的增长,主要由醣转化而成。     

辽宁春季界限温度发生日期的预报方法研究

为了在春季气候预测工作中,尽可能准确地预测辽宁春季稳定通过5℃的日期,采用1961—2010年辽宁省53站逐日气温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析的月平均位势高度场、海平面气压场资料以及由NOAA重构的月平均海温场资料,通过相关分析方法并开展物理因子的普查工作,寻找辽宁春季稳定通过5℃日期的影响因子,并利用多元线性回归方法建立预报方程。结果表明：1961—2010年辽宁春季气温稳定通过5℃日期随时间有提前出现的趋势;稳定通过5℃日期与2月北大西洋海温、1月西北太平洋海温、2月北极涛动、1月印度洋海温、10月阿留申低压强度和1月北大西洋涛动关系密切;建立的预报稳定通过5℃日期的多元线性回归方程具有显著意义。     

Resources,representation, and authority in Jharkhand,India

Abstract: Jharkhand is at the centre of India's struggles to define ‘the environment’ and ‘economically relevant natural resources’. Although cultural labels are applied by leaders who seek influence in these struggles as well as by many of those people who listen, an ethnonational analytic frame does not help answer the questions: How, why and when has the political idea of environment changed in India? When and why has the Jharkhand movement chosen violent tactics? When and why has the Jharkhand statehood movement realised electoral success? Or, why was Jharkhand state formed? To address such questions, a long range historical‐institutional approach is much more fruitful.     

Sensitivity of Corn, Oats, Peanuts, Rice, Rye, Sorghum, Soybean and Tobacco to UV-B Radiation under Growth Chamber Conditions

Sensitivity of different agronomic crops to UV-B radiation was studied under environmentally controlled conditions. UV-B radiation reduced plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and ash contents. The reduction varied among the different species tested. Narrow-leaved plants (mainly C₄) were less sensitive to UV-B than broad-leaved plants (mainly C₃).     

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Involution and Factorial of High Effective Locations

This paper presents the class of high effective locations and its addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution and factorial by the object-oriented programming.     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.     

Ye Yaxin, Jin Jin, Wang Wenjing, Xu Yu

研究Nacl浓度与小麦幼苗生长分裂的关系及对小麦幼苗的遗传损伤。实验结果表明：小麦幼苗生长在含NaCl的介质中，其幼苗生长被抑制，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,幼苗的分裂指数、遗传损伤与盐浓度间有一定的线性关系。结果显示：有丝分裂指数与处理浓度间呈负相关。这表明：NaCl浓度高或作用时间延长时对小麦细胞具有遗传学毒性，小麦幼根细胞有丝分裂指数可以作为监测环境中NaCl含量的定量指标。     

不同蔬菜对重金属汞、铬、砷、镉、铅积累效应的研究

为了对辽宁省葫芦岛龙岗区蔬菜生产基地蔬菜生产结构的调整提供科学的参考,采用原子吸收的方法,对该生产基地的土壤与蔬菜中重金属(Hg、Cr、As、Cd、Pb)的含量进行检测。结果表明：该蔬菜基地土壤中Hg的含量平均为0.42 mg/kg,Cr的含量平均为52.20 mg/kg,As的含量平均为34.92 mg/kg,Cd的平均含量为0.93 mg/kg,Pb的含量平均为98.49 mg/kg,说明该地区的土壤中重金属含量基本符合农业生产的要求;该蔬菜基地蔬菜中Hg的含量平均为0.92 μg/kg,Cr的含量平均为120.09 μg/kg,As的含量平均为13.80 μg/kg,Pb的含量平均为94.17 μg/kg,Cd的平均含量为15.65 μg/kg,并且所测定的蔬菜样本中甘蓝在5种重金属的含量上均比其他蔬菜的含量高,但也能符合国家卫生标准。此实验可为该蔬菜区蔬菜生产结构的调整提供一定的参考。