爱宕梨病虫害防治技术

萌芽前 树体喷布1次3～5度石硫合剂，重点防治腐烂病、干腐病、枝干轮纹病和叶螨。萌芽至开花前 喷布70％代森锰锌800～1000倍液 10％吡虫啉5000倍液，重点防治腐烂病、枝干轮纹病、梨木虱、蚜虫。     

2007年优质套袋苹果主要病虫害防治历

喷药时期防治对象防治措施说明1～3月(休眠期)①腐烂病、干腐病、枝干轮纹病等越冬病原菌②越冬的病菌及叶螨、卷叶虫等①用30%清园宝或农丰灵50倍或21%菌之敌 增效先锋500倍涂抹病瘤②清除落叶、病虫果、杂草,剪除病虫枝,刮除老翘皮仔细涂抹病疤(瘤),能压低病虫越冬基数,这是全年病虫害防治的基础。不提倡喷杀虫剂。3月下旬至4月初(萌?前)①腐烂病菌、轮纹病菌及其它越冬病原菌。①喷30%清园宝或农丰灵水剂800倍或21%菌之敌水剂500倍 2000倍增效先锋喷药要均匀,不留死角。药量要大,喷到枝干滴水为止。以后每次药中加入增效先锋,增强药效。4…     

苹果病虫害综合防治历

防治时间防治对象防治措施注意事项12月至3月上旬休眠期1)腐烂病、轮纹病、干腐病、炭疽病、早期落叶病等2 )金纹细蛾、叶螨、黄蚜、卷叶蛾等1)彻底清除落叶、落果、僵果、病枝、枯死枝等。2 )枝干病害严重果园 ,落叶后上冻前喷 1次 40 %福美胂可湿粉 10 0倍液 助杀或害立平 1     

果园病虫害防治历

一、苹果园病虫害防治历防治时期防治对象防治方法３月中旬以前腐烂病、轮纹病、炭疽病、梨小食心虫、卷叶蛾、山楂叶螨１．剪除病虫枝、僵果，刮树干粗皮和轮纹病、干腐病、腐烂病病皮，收集烧毁。２．腐烂病病疤用５％菌毒清或４％农抗１２０５０倍涂抹。３月下旬（发芽前）同以上病害、山楂叶螨、蚧壳虫１．喷布５％菌毒清１００倍。２．有螨和蚧壳虫时，喷布５°石硫合剂。４月下旬（开花前）白粉病、金纹细蛾１．５０％硫悬浮剂４００倍。２．２５％灭幼脲３号２０００倍。５月上中旬（落花后）轮纹病、炭疽病、早期落叶病、斑点落叶病…     

2008年优质套袋苹果主要病虫害综合防治历

喷药时间主要防治对象防治措施说明1～3月(休眠期)①腐烂病疤、干腐病疤、枝干轮纹病瘤及其它越冬病原菌。②越冬的病菌及叶螨、卷叶虫等。①21%菌之敌5～10倍或30%清园剂50倍或0.28%农丰灵50倍 增效先锋500倍涂抹病瘤。②清除落叶、病虫果、杂草,剪除病虫枝,刮除老翅皮。仔细涂抹病疤(瘤),能压低病虫越冬基数,是全年病虫害防治的基础。3月下旬至4月初(萌芽前)①腐烂病菌、轮纹病菌及其它越冬病原菌。①21%菌之敌水剂500倍或0.28%农丰灵800倍或30%清园剂800倍 增效先锋2000倍喷雾。这三种杀菌剂能同时铲除多种病菌。4月中旬(花露红前)①霉心…     

套袋红富士苹果病虫害防治技术

苹果套袋虽然能够大大减少果实被病虫为害，但是为了确保果实的正常生长，仍然必须加强病虫害防治工作，保护好枝干和叶片，保证树体生长健壮，营养充足。另外，要重视对某些因套袋而发生或加重病虫害防治工作，否则会直接影响果实的生长发育，降低套袋效果。１休眠期（１２月～３月）休眠期防治重点为腐烂病、枝干轮纹病、干腐病、早期落叶病以及蚜虫、红蜘蛛和金纹细蛾的越冬虫态等。结合冬季修剪，彻底剪除受病虫危害的枝条，清除果园中的杂草、枯枝、落叶、落果，带出果园集中烧毁，消灭在其中越冬的病虫。２月下旬至３月下旬在果树发芽…     

冬季苹果园病虫害的防治技术

冬季是果树病虫潜伏越冬的时期，病虫潜伏越冬的位置相对固定，若进行适当的防治，可以有效地减少越冬病虫基数，减轻翌年的发生危害。笔者针对当前苹果园中的主要病虫害枝干腐烂病、轮纹病、炭疽病、白粉病、卷叶蛾、叶螨、蚜虫、金龟子、食心虫、介壳虫和苹果蠹蛾等，提出冬季防治措施如下：     

苹果春季病虫害防治要点

1萌芽期 1)清园.萌芽前清扫果园杂草、落叶和病虫果,刮除翘皮和粗皮,修剪病、残、死枝,集中烧毁或深埋.2)施药.果树腐烂病发生轻的果园,萌芽期喷5度石硫合剂;对于腐烂病、干腐病、枝干轮纹病发生比较严重的果园,发芽前(3月至4月初)在彻底刮除轮纹病瘤和腐烂病疤、剪除干腐病枝的基础上,喷25%丙环·多500倍液或园易清500倍液,至滴水为限.     

河北地区梨园病虫综合防治历

<正>国家梨产业技术体系昌黎综合试验站通过多年的梨园管理及梨树病虫的综合防治示范,使梨园果品病虫果率显著下降,优质果率及经济效益显著提高,具体防治方法如下。1休眠期1.1防治对象主要有腐烂病、轮纹病、黑星病、黑斑病、山楂叶螨、苹果全爪螨、梨木虱、梨小食心虫、蝽蟓、康氏粉蚧等。1.2防治方法彻底清扫落叶、病果;刮除粗皮、病皮、翘皮;结合冬剪,剪除病虫枝。将落叶、病果、树皮等集中烧毁,消灭越冬病原。用生石     

套袋苹果病虫害周年防治历

防治时期防治对象防治措施3月上中旬(萌芽前)轮纹病腐烂病白粉病红蜘蛛介壳虫1剪除病虫残枝、干橛,刮除腐烂病、轮纹病斑。刮除后的腐烂病斑用843康复剂或腐必清原液涂抹,轮纹病斑用强力轮纹净10倍液或石硫合剂原液涂抹;2用波美5度石硫合剂喷布清园。3月下旬(开花前)金龟子1树上挂糖醋瓶:糖∶醋∶水为1∶3∶16;2树上挂烂苹果瓶:将腐烂的苹果1～2个放入罐头瓶中。4月中、下旬(落花后7～10天)轮纹病斑点落叶病霉心病苦痘病螨类鳞翅目害虫大生M-45(或喷克)800倍液+25%灭幼脲3号1500倍液+20%螨死净3000倍液+氨基酸钙300倍液。若小叶病重,可将大…     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。