Trophic stimulation of cultured neurons from neonatal rat brain by epidermal growth factor

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent polypeptide mitogen originally isolated from the adult male mouse submaxillary gland. It also acts as a gastrointestinal hormone. EGF-immunoreactive material has recently been identified within neuronal fibers and terminals in rodent brain. In the present study, EGF was found to enhance survival and process outgrowth of primary cultures of subneocortical telencephalic neurons of neonatal rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was observed with EGF concentrations as low as 100 picograms per milliliter (0.016 nanomolar) and was dependent on the continuous presence of EGF in the medium. Similar effects were observed with basic fibroblast growth factor, but several other growth-promoting substances, including other mitogens for glial elements, were without effect. Thus EGF, in addition to its mitogenic and hormonal activities, may act as a neurite elongation and maintenance factor for select neurons of the rodent central nervous system.     

六味地黄汤对发育迟缓胎鼠脑NGF、EGF表达影响

目的 观察补肾益髓经典方六味地黄汤对发育迟缓胎鼠脑神经生长因子（NGF）、表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）表达影响,并为宫细胞内脑发育迟缓的治疗提供支持。方法 10只孕鼠依照受孕先后顺序随机分成5组,正常组、模型组、六味地黄汤高剂量组、六味地黄汤中剂量组、六味地黄汤低剂量组,采用孕鼠被动吸烟复制胎鼠发育迟缓模型,正常组、模型组均灌胃蒸馏水,六味地黄汤高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃2.164、1.082、0.541 g/mL的六味地黄汤浓缩液。于孕19 d将5组孕鼠处死,称算每组活胎脑体质量比;采用免疫组化法检测胎鼠脑内NGF、EGF的表达。结果 被动吸烟可使胎鼠脑体质量比降低,六味地黄汤高剂量能增加脑体质量比;模型组NGF、EGF表达低于正常组（P<0.01）,治疗组NGF、EGF表达均高于模型组（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论 孕期被动吸烟可以导致胎鼠脑发育迟缓,六味地黄汤能通过调控脑内NGF、EGF改善胎鼠脑的发育。     

Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors on 3T3 cells by platelet-derived growth factor

Platelet-derived growth factor does not compete with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for binding to EGF receptors on the murine 3T3 cell surface, but it modulates EGF receptors in two ways: (i) it induces a transient down regulation of EGF receptors and (ii) it inhibits EGF-induced down regulation of EGF receptors. These data suggest a common cellular internalization mechanism for the receptors for both hormones.     

影响动物胚胎干细胞克隆与分化因素的研究进展

系统介绍了在动物胚胎干细胞分离与克隆中使用的培养液和添加物的特性及培养液、添加物和遗传因素对动物胚胎干细胞克隆及分化的影响。在 DMEM培养基中添加优质血清、表皮生长因子、胰岛素生长因子、白血病生长因子等能显著提高胚胎干细胞的克隆率 ,生长因子通过促进细胞 DNA和蛋白质合成 ,抑制细胞程序性死亡来提高 ES细胞克隆率。叶酸、二甲基亚砜、神经生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞因子等可诱导动物胚胎干细胞在体外分化 ,形成神经细胞、造血细胞、心肌细胞和肌肉组织等。     

EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育的影响

在卵母细胞体外成熟液(含FSH)中分别添加10,30,50ng/ml表皮生长因子(EGF),24h后检查成熟率,并进行孤雌激活。结果表明:添加10ng/ml、30ng/mlEGF组牛卵母细胞成熟率较对照组(未添加EGF)无显著差异(79.8%vs71.5%vs70.4%,p>0.05),但EGF添加至50ng/ml时牛卵母细胞第一极体排出率显著提高,达85.4%(P<0.01);在实验1的基础上,比较培养液中添加10ng/ml、30ng/ml、50ng/mlEGF对牛孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响,结果发现在培养液中添加EGF并不能显著提高牛卵母细胞体外孤雌发育囊胚率(P>0.05),但可显著提高其囊胚孵化率(P<0.01)。     

Signal transduction through the EGF receptor transfected in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells

An expression vector for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was introduced into the 32D myeloid cell line, which is devoid of EGF receptors and absolutely dependent on interleukin-3 (IL-3) for its proliferation and survival. Expression of the EGF receptor conferred the ability to utilize EGF for transduction of a mitogenic signal. When the transfected cells were propagated in EGF, they exhibited a more mature myeloid phenotype than was observed under conditions of IL-3-directed growth. Moreover, exposure to EGF led to a rapid stimulation of phosphoinositide metabolism, while IL-3 had no detectable effect on phosphoinositide turnover either in control or EGF receptor-transfected 32D cells. Although the transfected cells exhibited high levels of functional EGF receptors, they remained nontumorigenic. In contrast, transfection of v-erbB, an amino-terminal truncated form of the EGF receptor with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, not only abrogated the IL-3 growth factor requirement of 32D cells, but caused them to become tumorigenic in nude mice. These results show that a na?ve hematopoietic cell expresses all of the intracellular components of the EGF-signaling pathway necessary to evoke a mitogenic response and sustain continuous proliferation.     

生长因子和体细胞共培养对牛体外受精的影响

为研究表皮生长因子（EGF）和胰岛素（Insulin）对牛卵母细胞体外发育的影响以及体细胞共培养对体外受精胚胎体外发育的影响,将获取的牛卵泡卵母细胞在含有30μg,LEGF或50mg／L Insulin或30μg／LEGF＋50mg／L Insulin的成熟培养液中进行成熟培养,比较不同生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的影响;将受精卵用颗粒细胞单层培养系统或牛输卵管上皮细胞单层培养系统进行体外培养,比较体细胞共培养系统对体外受精胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明,成熟培养液中添加30μg／LEGF或者30μg／LEGF＋50mg／L Insulin可以显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率和受精后的卵裂率（P〈0．05）;输卵管上皮细胞共培养系统可以显著提高受精后的囊胚发育率（P〈0．05）,可以用于牛体外受精胚胎的体外培养。     

EGF、EGFR在牦牛卵母细胞中的表达及对胚胎发育能力的作用

【目的】探明表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）及其受体（EGFR）在牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中的表达动态,并且研究EGF对牦牛卵母细胞成熟的影响及可能的分子作用机制。【方法】采集牦牛卵巢,捡取质量较好的牦牛卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（cumulus-oocyte complexes,COCs）,进行体外成熟培养;分别处理未成熟和成熟的牦牛COCs,采用Real-time PCR和间接免疫荧光方法检测COCs成熟过程中EGF及EGFR在基因和蛋白水平的表达动态;牦牛COCs成熟培养时在基础培养基中分别添加0、50、100和200 ng·mL^-1 EGF及最佳作用浓度的EGFR抑制因子Gefitinib,比较作用前后卵母细胞成熟率、受精后卵裂率及囊胚率;Real-time PCR方法分析不同浓度EGF和Gefitinib作用后成熟COCs中凋亡相关基因Bax和Baxi的相对表达量。【结果】EGF,EGFR基因在成熟COCs的表达显著高于未成熟COCs,成熟COCs中EGF基因的相对表达量为未成熟COCs 的2.17±0.36倍,EGFR基因在成熟COCs的表达量为未成熟COCs 6.82±0.21倍,且在未成熟和成熟COCs中EGFR基因表达量均显著高于EGF。免疫荧光检测显示未成熟COCs和成熟COCs均表达EGF和EGFR蛋白,EGF和EGFR蛋白的标记荧光主要集中在卵丘细胞,卵母细胞表达较弱。100 ng·mL^-1 EGF可以显著提高COCs成熟率（73.45±2.09）%及其受精后的卵裂率（59.46±1.41）%和囊胚率（26.23±1.08）%;对照组中（0 EGF）COCs成熟率为(54.16±3.25)%,卵裂率为 (48.33±1.93)%,囊胚率为(15.34±0.43)%;EGF浓度为50 ng·mL^-1时成熟率、卵裂率及囊胚率分别为(61.79±1.04)%、(51.76±0.61)%和(18.62±1.13)%;200 ng·mL^-1成熟率、卵裂率及囊胚率分别为(71.26±4.18)%、(57.13±2.06 )% 和(23.96±0.53)%;而加入EGFR抑制因子Gefitinib显著的降低了COCs的成熟率及其受精后的卵裂率及囊胚率,分别为(43.63±1.46)%、(41.79±2.81)%和(12.65±0.67)%。COCs成熟过程中EGF的作用可以显著抑制促凋亡基因Bax的表达,在50 ng·mL^-1、100 ng·mL^-1、200 ng·mL^-1EGF作用后成熟COCs中Bax基因的相对表达量分别仅为对照组（0 EGF）的0.83±0.12,0.21±0.02,0.27±0.03倍,EGF浓度为100 ng·mL^-1时Bax基因表达量最低,而Gefitinib作用后可以显著促进成熟COCs中Bax基因的表达,其相对表达量为对照组的4.24±0.10倍;EGF在COCs成熟过程中可以显著促进抗凋亡基因Baxi的表达,其相对表达量在EGF浓度为50、100、200 ng·mL^-1EGF分别为对照组的2.18±0.12、7.06±0.59和6.73±0.31倍,EGF浓度为100 ng·mL^-1时Baxi基因表达量最高,而Gefitinib作用后可以显著降低成熟COCs中Baxi基因的表达,其相对表达量为对照组的0.32±0.04倍。【结论】EGF和EGFR作为牦牛COCs体外成熟过程中重要的自分泌因子,且外源的EGF可以显著提高卵母细胞成熟率、卵裂率及囊胚率,最佳作用浓度为100 ng·mL^-1,其作用机制可能与调控凋亡相关基因Bax和Baxi表达有关。     

Epidermal-growth-factor-dependent transformation by a human EGF receptor proto-oncogene

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene EGFR has been placed in a retrovirus vector to examine the growth properties of cells that experimentally overproduce a full-length EGF receptor. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with the viral DNA or infected with the corresponding rescued retrovirus developed a fully transformed phenotype in vitro that required both functional EGFR expression and the presence of EGF in the growth medium. Cells expressing 4 x 10(5) EGF receptors formed tumors in nude mice, while control cells did not. Therefore, the EGFR retrovirus, which had a titer on NIH 3T3 cells that was greater than 10(7) focus-forming units per milliliter, can efficiently transfer and express this gene, and increased numbers of EGF receptors can contribute to the transformed phenotype.     

Production of an epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein

Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in culture produce a soluble 105-kilodalton protein which, by the criteria of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, recognition by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the EGF receptor, amino-terminal sequence analysis and carbohydrate content, is related to the cell surface domain of the EGF receptor. The high rate of production and the finding that with biosynthetic labeling the specific activity of this 105-kilodalton protein exceeds that of the intact receptor indicate that it is not derived from membrane-bound mature receptor but is separately produced by the cell. These cells thus separately synthesize an EGF receptor that is inserted into the membrane and an EGF receptor-related protein that is secreted.     

EGF和不同血清对牛卵母细胞成熟及核移植胚体外发育的影响

分离牛卵母细胞,分别用添加表皮生长因子(EGF)和发情牛血清(发情当天血清(OCS(0 d))和发情第7天血清(OCS(7 d)))的培养液进行成熟培养后去核,构建牛体细胞核移植胚并进行体外培养,研究EGF和OCS对卵母细胞成熟及核移植胚体外发育的影响。结果表明EGF添加组和OCS(0 d)添加组卵细胞的成熟率及核移植胚的卵裂率和囊胚率分别为74.5%,84.6%,25.9%和83.9%,78.8%,31.3%。在牛卵母细胞成熟液中添加EGF、OCS(0 d)更有利于牛核移植胚胎的发育。     

EGF对牛卵母细胞成熟及孤雌发育能力的影响

研究表明：表皮生长因子（EGF）对牛卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活后发育有促进作用。与对照相比,添加10 ng·mL^-1的EGF就可以明显提高牛卵母细胞体外成熟率、激活后的卵裂率和囊胚率。但EGF水平的提高,对提高卵母细胞成熟率的作用要高于提高后期胚胎发育的作用。40 ng·mL^-1的EGF的卵母细胞成熟率明显高于30 ng·mL^-1时的成熟率,但囊胚率未见明显提高。     

Amplification and enhanced expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in A431 human carcinoma cells

The sequence of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor shows great homology with the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erb B oncogene, raising the possibility that the receptor gene is identical to the c-erb B protooncogene. Human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, which have an unusually high number of EGF receptors, were examined to determine whether elevated EGF receptor levels correlate with gene amplification. Southern blots of genomic DNA's from A431 and other human cell lines were probed with either a v-erb B gene fragment or a human EGF receptor complementary DNA clone (pE7), previously isolated from an A431 complementary DNA library. When either probe was used to analyze Eco RI- or Hind III-generated DNA fragments, EGF receptor DNA sequences were amplified about 30-fold in A431. Differences in the banding pattern of A431 DNA fragments relative to normal fibroblast DNA indicate the occurrence of a rearrangement in the region of the receptor gene. Furthermore, A431 cells contain a characteristic, prominent 2.9-kilobase RNA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in A431 cells, gene amplification, possibly associated with a translocation event, may result in the overproduction of EGF receptor protein or the appearance of the transformed phenotype (or both).     

Stimulation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 membrane association by epidermal growth factor

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells elicited a redistribution of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) from a predominantly cytosolic localization to membrane fractions. The temporal coincidence of this redistribution with EGF stimulation of inositol phosphate formation and EGF increased phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 suggests that the membrane association of PLC-gamma 1 is a significant event in second messenger transduction.     

表皮生长因子及其受体、转化生长因子-α在实验性胃溃疡愈合中的作用

目的探讨胃黏膜表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)及其受体(epidermal growthfactor receptor,EGFR)、转化生长因子-α(transforming growth factor-alpha,TGF-α)在大鼠胃溃疡愈合中的变化及意义。方法胃前壁黏膜下注射冰乙酸制备大鼠胃溃疡模型,免疫组织化学法检测溃疡组(42只)和正常组(6只)大鼠胃黏膜EGF、EGFR、TGF-α的表达,测量各指标的积分光密度值。结果 EGF、TGF-α以胞浆表达为主,EGFR以胞膜表达为主,三者均可见壁细胞、内分泌细胞阳性表达,阳性信号以靠近黏膜肌层为主。EGF、EGFR阳性细胞在溃疡术后1d即有增多(P<0.05或P<0.01),TGF-α于溃疡术后2d增多较为明显(P<0.01),之后均呈渐强趋势,EGFR阳性细胞在溃疡术后6d表达最强,EGF、TGF-α阳性细胞于溃疡术后10d积分光密度值达到高峰,溃疡愈合后期三种指标积分光密度值均有降低,但仍显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。结论大鼠胃溃疡自愈时期胃黏膜能特异性表达内源性EGF、EGFR、TGF-α,三者共同参与了胃溃疡愈合过程。     

A physiological role of epidermal growth factor in male reproductive function

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.     

表皮生长因子对胎鼠卵巢卵泡体外发育和类固醇激素分泌的影响

表皮生长因子（EGF）是参与卵巢功能调节的一个重要肽类因子，关于EGF对小鼠胚胎期卵巢卵泡发育和类固醇激素发育的 今未见报道。本研究以单个卵巢的放泡数、生长卵泡数和5个最大卵母 平均直径为卵泡发育优劣的衡量指标，利用我们早期研究建立的无血清培养体系研究了EGF对胎鼠卵巢卵泡发育和类固醇激素分泌的作用。结果发现：①EGF处理组胎鼠卵巢总卵泡数、生长卵九和卵巢内5个最大卵母细胞平均直径从培养第7天起即显著高于ITS对照组直至培养结束；②EGF在培养后期显著促进胎鼠卵巢分泌睾酮，但对雌二醇的基础分泌无影响；③EGF处理组胎鼠卵巢在培养过程的后期引起贴壁的卵巢边缘脱离培养板底壁发生卷边现象，丧失卵母细胞皮持－髓质生长模式。结果提示：EGF在胎鼠卵巢原始卵泡生长起始中起重要作用， 同时EGF促进胎鼠卵巢小腔前卵泡／卵母细胞进一步生长、发育和体外存活；EGF促卵泡发作用与雌二醇的作用无关。     

激素和表皮生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外受精的影响

[目的]研究激素和表皮生长因子(EGF)对牛卵母细胞体外受精的影响。[方法]通过对牛进行体外受精和受精卵体外培养,研究了不同血清、激素及EGF对卵母细胞体外成熟和胚胎体外发育的影响。[结果]单独添加ECS组卵母细胞的成熟率、卵裂率、桑囊率均最高,分别为81.39%5、6.05%、30.94%,且卵裂率、桑囊率与添加NBS组的差异显著。在培养液中添加EGF和激素能促进卵母细胞的成熟和卵裂的发生,其成熟率、卵裂率分别为82.50%、83.33%和61.43%、62.21%,均比未添加EGF组的高,差异显著,并且EGF与激素间有协同作用。[结论]单独添加10%ECS对卵母细胞的作用最理想,EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及卵裂有良好的促进作用。