新型降糖奶粉的研制

本文介绍了糖尿病患者低脂、高蛋白、高膳食纤维的营养治疗原则，以此为依据，设计了降糖奶粉的产品配方(以新鲜牛乳为主要原料，添加适量的有机三价铬和可溶性膳食纤维)和生产工艺，并对产品调节血糖的功能特性进行研究和讨论。     

益生元与膳食纤维——孕妇奶粉健康新亮点

中国大约有1300万-1400万孕妇,＂大肚子经济＂已逐渐成为企业关注的焦点。在婴幼儿奶粉市场逐渐饱和的情况下,孕妇奶粉成为了乳品企业转战的目标。本文分析了孕妇奶粉的市场现状、发展趋势、孕妇健康现状及需求,阐述了益生元及膳食纤维作为功能性配料推动孕妇奶粉市场发展的可能性。     

金牌雀巢成长奶粉升级Opti营养配方

金牌雀巢成长奶粉升级Opti营养配方由雀巢公司开发。该产品在促进消化健康方面作用较明显。活性BL益生菌 膳食纤维雀巢成长奶粉的升级“Opti营养配方”中的活性BL益生菌和膳食纤维组合,能够帮助1～6岁儿童建立健康的肠道环境,促进食物中营养物质的消化吸收,让各种营养泰更有效发挥作用!保持长久的健康肠道作用,包括：较好的食物消化和营养素吸收,免疫能力和整体身体情况的提高。—个健康的消化系统是预防腹泻和便秘关键因素。金牌雀巢成长奶粉升级Opti营养配方中的活性BL益生菌是完全遵循安全性、有     

膳食纤维改性及其在畜禽生产中的应用

膳食纤维被称为“第七大营养素”，可改善肠道菌群状态，提高抗氧化能力，对动物健康起到至关重要的作用。因膳食纤维中不可溶膳食纤维含量多，可溶性膳食纤维含量少，且可溶性膳食纤维理化性能优于不可溶性膳食纤维，故多有研究者采用物理、化学或生物的方法对膳食纤维进行改性，使不可溶性膳食纤维转化为可溶性膳食纤维。本文对这些改性方法进行了系统分析，并阐述了膳食纤维理化特性、生理特性及其在畜禽生产中的研究和应用，为未来膳食纤维的开发和应用提供理论依据。     

金牌雀巢成长奶粉升奶Opti营养配方

活性BL益生菌+膳食纤维 雀巢成长奶粉的升级"Opti营养配方"中的活性BL益生菌和膳食纤维组合,能够帮助1～6岁儿童建立健康的肠道环境,促进食物中营养物质的消化吸收,让各种营养素更有效发挥作用!保持长久的健康肠道作用,包括:较好的食物消化和营养素吸收,免疫能力和整体身体情况的提高.一个健康的消化系统是预防腹泻和便秘关键因素.     

膳食纤维在乳制品中的应用

论文阐述了膳食纤维定义的历史演变，从生理学定义到化学定义，最后统一到生理、化学相结合的定义。文章还列举了主要国家的膳食纤维规定，并给出了最新的国际公认的膳食纤维定义。在此基础上，文章列出日本和国内膳食纤维在乳制品中应用的情况。     

豆腐渣中膳食纤维测定方法的研究

所谓膳食纤维，就是指“食物中具有生理活性的高分子化合物”，即通常所说的无效碳水化合物。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，食物中的膳食纤维摄入减少，致使某些消化道疾病，心血管病、高血压及肥胖症等疾病的发病率逐年增高，这已引起了广大医务工作者和食品营养学家们的高度重视，因而，膳食纤维的开发与利用悄然兴起。但是，为膳食纤维的开发与利用提供基础理论依据的膳食纤维的测定方法却报道的很少，要么操作过于烦琐，用时颇长；要么测定结果与理论值相差甚远。最近我们做了豆腐渣中膳食纤维测定方法的研究，现将有关方法报告如下…     

母猪膳食纤维营养需要

膳食纤维被称为“第七营养素”，在维持人类和家畜的健康中发挥着重要作用。但人们对膳食纤维在母猪营养中所起作用的认知还存在差异和不足。因此文章就膳食纤维的定义、界定膳食纤维的指标、母猪膳食纤维的推荐水平以及纤维原料对应母猪能值的计算公式进行综述，旨在为膳食纤维在母猪营养研究和应用方面提供参考和思路。     

膳食纤维酸奶的研制

以膳食纤维和低聚木糖为功能因子，制成一种集营养和保健于一体的膳食纤维保健酸奶。通过研究，提出了膳食纤维保健酸奶生产配方和生产工艺。其最佳生产配方为：膳食纤维添加量1．5％，低聚木糖添加量0．30％，白砂糖5％，复合稳定剂0．6％；最佳工艺条件为：均质压力20MPa，杀菌温度95℃，杀菌时间300s．发酵温度42℃，发酵时间3h。     

膳食纤维的功能特性及其在乳制品中的应用

论述了膳食纤维的功能及特性；针对目前市场发展趋势和消费者对功能性食品的需求，对膳食纤维的特性及在乳制品中的应用进行了分析和探讨。     

我国市售学生乳粉营养素含量分析

分析市售不同品牌学生乳粉的营养强化情况和能量及营养素含量分布。根据包装标示的营养成分表和食用方法计算出各产品每日可提供能量和营养素的量,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量中学龄儿童人群的推荐量进行比较。结果表明：不同品牌学生乳粉VC、VE、VB6、叶酸、二十二碳六烯酸、膳食纤维和亚油酸含量差异较大,VA、VD、VC、牛磺酸和矿物质钙、铁、锌的强化比例超过2/3;以学生乳粉产品营养素含量的中位数计算,以7～10 岁男性学龄儿童为例,学生乳粉提供了需要量约12%的能量,约30%的蛋白质、VC、VD和铁,约40%的VB6、钙和锌以及近50%的VA和VB2。学生乳粉作为一种方便、易获得的乳制品,总体上有其营养优势。     

Effects of dietary soluble or insoluble fiber intake in late gestation on litter performance,milk composition,immune function,and redox status of sows around parturition

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary soluble fiber (SF) or insoluble fiber (ISF) intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition. A total of 60 Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: normal level of dietary fiber (CON, 16.16% dietary fiber with 1.78% soluble fiber and 14.38% insoluble fiber), high insoluble fiber (ISF, 30.12% dietary fiber with 2.97% soluble fiber and 27.15% insoluble fiber), and high soluble fiber (SF, 30.15% dietary fiber with 4.57% soluble fiber and 25.58% insoluble fiber). Digestible energy and crude protein intake were comparable among treatments via adjusting feed intake from day 90 of gestation to parturition. After parturition, all sows were fed the same lactation diet. Results showed that litter performance of sows was not markedly affected by maternal fiber intake. However, sows fed ISF or SF diet had increased concentration of plasma mmunoglobulin G at day 107 (P < 0.05) and parturition (P < 0.01), and the SF diet had a tendency to increase fat content in both colostrum and milk relative to the CON diet. Furthermore, sows fed ISF diet had increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) at day 107, but decreased the plasma level of malondialdehyde at parturition (P < 0.05). High maternal SF intake tended to decrease the number of weaned piglets due to the increased preweaning mortality, as compared with sows fed the ISF diet. In conclusion, high fiber intake in late gestation may improve immune function and redox status, but differentially influenced the milk composition and preweaning mortality.     

Intestinal digestion of dietary and endogenous proteins along the small intestine of calves fed soybean or potato.

This study was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative changes in dietary and endogenous protein components along the small intestine of calves. They were fed milk replacers in which protein was provided either by skim milk powder alone, as control diet, or by skim milk powder and a soy concentrate, a partially hydrolyzed soy protein isolate, or a potato protein concentrate (1:1 on a CP basis). The calves were continuously infused with the liquid milk substitute diets into the abomasum. Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal digesta were collected through T-piece cannulas. Digestibility (corrected for total endogenous protein) of dietary protein and the concentration of dietary, host endogenous, and bacterial proteins were estimated from the AA composition of digesta using multiple linear regression. The apparent digestibility of feed components increased linearly between the duodenum and the ileum. It was lower with the diets containing plant protein than with the control, especially at the ileum (85% for CP with soy concentrate, 73% with soy isolate, and 81% with potato concentrate vs 91% with skim milk powder). The real digestibility of dietary protein at the ileum was estimated to be 96, 95, 94, and 99%, respectively, for each of the dietary components. The partition of protein components in digesta between dietary, nonspecific endogenous, specific host endogenous, and(or) specific bacterial proteins varied along the small intestine and between diets at a given site. Intestinal apparent reabsorption of host endogenous protein was estimated to be equivalent to at least 86% of the jejunum flow. To conclude, the lower apparent digestibility of the plant protein sources studied resulted more from an enhanced loss of host and bacterial endogenous proteins than from decreased hydrolysis of dietary protein and absorption of their AA.     

Indigestion in Young Calves: I. Different Lactose Levels in Milk Diets and Milk Replacers

Increasing the lactose content of different milk replacers or milk diets by approx. 30 % of the dry matter increased the frequency of diarrhoea the first 10–12 days in young calves on all occasions in 5 experiments comprising 120 calves. For all diets taken together, this effect was highly significant. Total daily intakes of lactose amounted to 200–480 g. When lactose was given on top of the milk rations, the growth rate increased significantly, whereas the growth rate was usually insignificantly reduced when lactose replaced other nutrients in milk diets or milk replacers, their levels of protein and fat becoming low. Albumin and total protein in blood plasma were significantly lower when the dietary protein level was low. Milk replacers with 20 or 40 % whey powder, replacing skim milk powder, performed equally well, but gave significantly less growth than the old-fashioned feeding of whole milk-skim milk. Intake of hay and barley and a number of clinical and histological or pathological parameters did not vary consistently with dietary level of whey powder or lactose. Feeding whole milk all the time resulted in low intake of hay and barley and poorly developed forestomachs, but high dressing-out %. Substituting soya for part of the skim milk powder in milk replacers gave abomasal content with no curds. In most cases, pH in the rumen appeared to be nearly up to neutral until the calves ate ground barley, about 1 month old.     

高膳食纤维发酵豆渣乳饮料工艺优化

以具有良好加工性能且水溶性膳食纤维含量为13.4%的新鲜发酵豆渣为原料,利用组织捣碎机进行匀浆处理得到豆渣匀浆,添加辅料混合调配成体系均匀、味道纯正、具有一定保健功能的膳食纤维乳饮料。通过单因素试验和响应面优化得到产品的最优生产工艺条件和配方为:组织捣碎机处理时间15 min、转速10000 r/min、复合稳定剂添加量0.2%、均质温度45 ℃、均质压力30 MPa、均质时间120 s;发酵豆渣添加量7%、发酵豆渣添加粒度60 目、白砂糖添加量6%、乳粉添加量9%。在此最优条件下制成的产品粒度分布状态良好;饮料中可溶性固形物含量为11%,稳定系数为0.8,离心沉淀率为2.3%;产品呈乳白色,体系均匀、滋味纯正、稳定性好。     

有效纤维及其在奶牛日粮中的应用

奶牛日粮纤维的化学与物理特性对于刺激其咀嚼活动和维持稳定的乳脂率十分重要。奶牛对日粮中有效中性洗涤纤维（eNDF）水平的反应是乳脂率变化，而对日粮物理有效中性洗涤纤维（peNDF）水平的反应是其咀嚼活动。目前产奶牛peNDF最低推荐量是占日粮干物质的21％。本文对奶牛日粮有效纤维的发展、eNDF和peNDF的概念、奶牛对日粮有效纤维的反应、日粮peNDF的估测方法以及奶牛对peNDF的最低需要量进行了简单的综述。     

The effects of dietary fat or fiber addition on yield and composition of milk from sows housed in a warm or hot environment

Sixty sows were individually penned in a thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or hyperthermal (32 degrees C) environment and fed a basal (corn-soybean meal), high-fiber (48.5% wheat bran) or high-fat (10.6% choice white grease) diet from d 100 of gestation through a 22-d lactation. The diets were determined to contain 3.28, 2.76 and 3.75 Mcal ME/kg, respectively. All pigs received 8.0 Mcal of ME and 17.5 g of lysine daily prior to parturition and were allowed to consume their respective diets ad libitum after parturition. Litter size was standardized at 9 to 10 pigs by d 2 postpartum. Milk yields were determined for five, 4-d periods from about d 2 through 22 of lactation via a D2O dilution technique. Daily milk yield and litter weight gain began to plateau, and the efficiency of utilizing milk DM and milk energy for gain was depressed (P less than .01), in the latter stages of the lactation. Heat exposure (32 degrees C) reduced (P less than .05) voluntary ME intake and milk energy yield of the sow and increased (P less than .05) the sow's weight loss during lactation. In the hot environment, increasing dietary energy concentration resulted in a linear (P less than .08) increase in milk fat content and milk energy yield over the duration of the 22-d lactation. In the latter stages of lactation, pigs consuming high-fat milk required more (P less than .09) milk and milk energy per unit of weight gain. In the warm environment, milk energy yield was increased by dietary fat or fiber additions in early lactation, but not in late lactation. These results indicate that the effects of thermal heat stress on sow milk energy yield and litter weight gain are aggravated by dietary fiber addition and minimized by dietary fat addition.     

不同粗纤维水平日粮对妊娠母猪生殖激素水平的影响

为研究不同粗纤维水平日粮对妊娠母猪生殖激素水平的影响,选用30头胎次、配种时间及体况均相近的经产PIC配套系父母代母猪,随机分成5组,妊娠期间分别饲喂含3%、5%、7%、9%和11%的苜蓿草粉粗纤维日粮,通过调节各组的饲喂量,使其所摄入的能量、蛋白、钙、磷等水平基本一致。3%为对照组,日粮中不另加粗纤维。研究结果显示:提高日粮中粗纤维水平会降低妊娠各阶段母猪雌二醇的浓度,但增加妊娠后期孕酮和催乳素的浓度,且当日粮中粗纤维含量达到9%时效果最佳。     

超高温番茄膳食纤维牛奶的研制

在纯牛奶中加入番茄膳食纤维,选择了合理、可行的超高温生产工艺,产品有稳定性好、口感佳、营养高等特点。     

母乳能量水平对仔猪生长的影响及其分子机理

母体是仔猪胚胎期和初生时唯一的营养来源,也是哺乳期主要的营养源。妊娠期和泌乳期母体的营养和体况不仅影响繁殖性能和泌乳性能而且直接决定仔猪的生长。妊娠期添加纤维日粮能升高母猪血液VFA浓度,特别是乙酸浓度,它可以直接合成乳脂,提高乳汁能量。在妊娠后期和哺乳期调整母猪饲料组成可以改善产奶量和乳成分,从而影响仔猪生长性能。本文从仔猪的生理特点、日粮养分尤其是纤维和脂肪对母猪泌乳、繁殖性能和仔猪生长的影响以及调控仔猪生长的分子机理等方面进行了综述。