Improvement of three popular Indian groundnut varieties for foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid using SSR markers and SNP array in marker-assisted backcrossing

Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut worldwide.High oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Marker-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked markers.We used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were developed.Recurrent parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross progenies.Phenotyping of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome recovery.These ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India.     

Seed filling dynamic traits of oil flax in response to nitrogen and phosphorus

Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.     

Ustilaginoidea virens: A Fungus Infects Rice Flower and Threats World Rice Production

Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut.     

广东:第十届广州国际茶文化节暨2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会隆重开幕

本刊讯11月26日,第十届广州国际茶文化节、2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会在广州琶洲中洲商务展示中心隆重举行开幕式。原中共中央政治局委员、全国政协副主席杨汝岱,中华全国供销合作总     

今年铁观音春茶特点和市场走势的几点启发

五月的安溪大地,蛰伏着一股巨大力量,来自全国各地的茶商云集,表面被春雨挡住步伐,但一坐下来就是满腹的茶经;我有幸成为其中一员,八年从事茶行业,让我越来越淡定,我想这是茶力量的觉醒,因而我若有所思……     

征订启事

1)本刊2011年杂志仍可订阅,年价48元,如需挂号邮寄,每订户全年另加挂号费18元。2)本刊1996—2010年合订本有售,单价(含邮费)分别为:1996,1997,1998和1999年各25元,2000,2001和2002年各30元,2003,2004和2005年各40元,2006,2007,2008,2009和2010年各60元。     

世界主要产茶国及全球茶园总面积(续)

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茶中有孝道,一品人间情

白茶总是弥漫着神秘的气息,卓剑舟在《太姥山全志》中解释:今呼为白毫,香色俱绝,而尤以鸿雪洞产者为最。性寒凉,功同犀角,为麻疹圣药。这棵长     

2010年西湖龙井新茶价格预计总体平稳

最近,有媒体报道2010年西湖龙井新茶价格将出现上涨,每斤将有200到1000元不等的涨幅,不少人看到新闻后惊呼这西湖龙井喝不起了。为此,本刊电话联系采访了浙江省茶叶产业协会秘书长胡迪钧,他对这样的报道表示吃惊,他说近几年西湖龙井新茶上市之初,除了个别企业     

智慧成就机遇 远见拓展未来——解读肖文华和闽茶奇葩华祥苑

2008年11月,是华祥苑茗茶丰收的一个月。在第四届中国茶业经济年会上,华祥苑不但继续蝉联百强,董事长肖文华行业"投名状"被评选为2008中国茶叶行业年度经济人物:在产品上,华祥苑     

辽宁省不同生态区玉米产量及农艺性状差异研究

以28个玉米品种为试材,在5个密度下对辽宁省4个生态区玉米产量和农艺性状的差异进行研究.结果表明,辽西地区的产量最高,辽北、辽中和辽南地区分别比辽西地区低3.39％、6.06％和19.92％;辽中、辽北和辽南地区植株的株高均较高,辽西地区株高最低;辽南地区的叶面积指数最大,辽北、辽西和辽中地区分别比辽南地区低5.98％、12.64％和18.03％.辽西地区的光照条件突出,中后期群体最大叶面积指数持续时间和光合有效时间均较长,利于构建高密度群体,在肥水充足条件下容易获得高产;辽北地区的光照条件较好,群体最大叶面积指数持续时间和光合有效时间均较长,但灌浆期伴随降水而产生的较低日照时数对产量有一定影响;辽南和辽中地区中后期光照条件较差,使群体最大叶面积指数持续时间和光合有效时间均较短,产量均较低.     

辽宁省玉米高产潜力探索及创建“超高产田”关键技术研究

2006~2014年,辽宁省粮食丰产科技工程项目组在辽西项目区开展玉米高产潜力探索及小面积超高产田创建工作。对经过严格测产且产量达到和超过15 000 kg/hm2的32个地块的地理分布、种植品种、种植密度、产量和产量构成因素及创建关键技术进行分析。结果表明,从纬度看,高产田均出现在40.82°~42.07°N范围内;从海拔看,高产田出现在1 000 m以下。玉米高产田的平均产量为16 630.5 kg/hm2,75%以上高产田块的种植密度超过6.75×104株/hm2,收获穗数与产量呈正相关关系。辽单565产量为15 025.5~18 822.2 kg/hm2,收获穗数69 800~93 200穗/hm2,穗粒数453~510粒,千粒重422.5~463.9 g,穗粒重190.3~233.6 g。高产关键技术是采用耐密型高产稳产品种,合理提高密度,充足的水肥供给,科学管理和地膜覆盖。     

对农业科研院所科技成果转化存在的问题及对策初探

SUN Min-jie(Liaoning Insitute of Cash Crops,Liaoyang,Liaoning,111000)     

蒲笋移栽技术与病虫害防治

WANG Bai-qiu(Liaoning Saline or Alkaline Land Utilization and Research Institute,Panjin, Liaoning 124010)     

辽宁省不同生态条件下玉米生产潜力研究

以辽宁省具有代表性的28个玉米品种为试材,在5个密度下对辽宁省4个生态区的玉米生产能力进行研究。结果表明,辽北地区单位面积产量最高,辽西地区次之,辽南地区最低;适宜种植密度辽西地区最大,辽北地区次之,辽南地区最低;生物产量辽北地区最高,辽中地区次之,辽南地区最低。辽西和辽南地区经济系数较高,辽北地区最低。在不同生态区,起主导作用的产量构成因素是穗数和穗粒数,其中,辽北地区的穗数、穗粒数和粒重达到最佳,单产最高。     

根瘤菌对生态农业的重要意义及其影响因素

LI Ling(Liaoning Economic Crop Institute, Liaoyang, Liaoning 111000)     

辽宁省滨海盐碱地水稻产业发展现状及展望

辽宁省滨海盐碱地稻区是辽宁省水稻的主要产区之一,该区域水稻产业的健康发展对辽宁省粮食安全具有重要的作用。简要综述了辽宁省滨海盐碱地水稻产业的发展现状,探讨了目前辽宁省滨海盐碱地水稻生产中存在的问题与对策,并展望了未来辽宁省滨海盐碱地水稻产业的发展方向。     

辽宁西洋参产业发展现状及对策

西洋参是辽宁省中药材产业发展的重要内容,是目前发展速度较快、经济效益较高的特色优势产业,成为部分县区的支柱产业.该文从辽宁省西洋参种植品种、主栽地区、种植模式、加工仓储等方面阐述了产业现状及存在问题,并针对辽宁西洋参发展提出了相应对策,以期为辽宁省西洋参产业发展提供参考.     

中国杏文化传承与今用

ZHANG Jia-yan(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue,Liaoning ,115009)     

中国辽宁和美国俄亥俄新老大豆品种的比较研究

未来的大豆产量获得将取决于对过去遗传改良的认识.在中国辽宁省和美国俄亥俄州布置试验比较研究2个地区育成的新老大豆品种,以了解这2个地区大豆遗传改良的一些进展.结果表明:在俄亥俄试验点,俄亥俄州立大学育成的新品种比老品种增产78%,比辽宁新品种增产22%.在辽宁省试验点,俄亥俄新品种和辽宁新品种均比老品种增产约50%.在辽宁试验环境下,大豆植株生长较高大,倒伏也相对严重,尤其老品种倒伏更重.与辽宁新品种和老品种相比,俄亥俄新品种蛋白质含量较低,脂肪含量较高.两地的育种家对大豆的产量遗传改良成绩显著,同时植株得到矮化、节间缩短和抗倒伏能力提高,主茎籽粒产量比例提高、粒/茎比增加.辽宁育种家注重籽粒大小和蛋白含量的改良,但这2个性状没有引起俄亥俄育种家的重视,双方互换种质将有利于大豆的遗传改良.