梅花鹿鹿茸生长速度与睾酮、雌二醇关系的研究

为了进一步阐明鹿茸生长发育机制,以５ 头雄梅花鹿为材料,测定从脱盘到停止生长期间的鹿茸生长速度,血清睾酮,雌二醇含量,并对其进行分析。结果表明,鹿茸从脱盘到生长停止约为１２０ ｄ 。在此期间,所测各值变化显著（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ,在前７５ ｄ ,鹿茸生长速度迅速上升并达高峰,睾酮含量处于平稳期（ Ｐ＞ ００５） ,雌二醇含量在脱盘后１５ ｄ 出现高峰,到７５ ｄ 降到最低,该期应属鹿茸生长期。７５ ｄ 以后,鹿茸生长速度迅速下降,睾酮和雌二醇含量快速上升,该期应属骨化期。此期生长速度与睾酮,雌二醇含量呈负相关（ｒ ＝ ０ ．９） 。     

激光穴位照射对子宫卵巢病牛血浆β—内啡肽含量和发情的影响

３４头黑白花奶牛，患子宫炎或卵巢疾病而不孕，将其随机分为２组。激光组（２４头）用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射交巢穴，７ｄ为１疗程。间歇７ｄ再照射第２疗程。对照组（１０头）不用激光照射。ＲＩＡ法分析血浆β－内啡肽（β－ＥＮＤ）含量。结果发现，激光组病牛血浆β－ＥＮＤ由照射前（第０天）的１１２．８６４±５８．９４７ｐｇ／ｍｌ升高到第１疗程后（第８天）的１７５．６３４±１０４．３１０ｐｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５），间歇１周后为（第１４天）２３７．６２７±１５３．１３６ｐｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），第２疗程后（第２２天）为１９３．４４８±１０４．３７８ｐｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。显著高于对照组同期测定值。同时观察到，激光组发情牛头数为２１头，发情率８７．５％；对照组发情３头，发情率３０％。组间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明激光照射穴位可使病牛β－ＥＮＤ分泌增加，并参与调节生殖机能     

激光照射家畜创伤对血清蛋白作用的研究

用７．５２Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２氦氖激光照射绵羊的皮肤缺损创，测定了血清总蛋白、白蛋白、α１球蛋白、α２球蛋白、β球蛋白、γ球蛋白、血红蛋白含量及Ａ／Ｇ值与血清ｐＨ值。结果表明，激光照射能显著提高血清总蛋白（５．４３％）和血红蛋白（４．１２％）含量，增加球蛋白（１４．１６％），尤其是γ球蛋白（２６．６７％）的百分比，相应减少白蛋白的比值，对血清ｐＨ无明显作用。这些变化在创伤后１５－２１天达高峰，说明激光照射     

梅花鹿鹿茸生长速度、骨化程度与睾酮、雌二醇、碱性磷酸酶关系的研究

为了进一步阐明鹿茸生长发育机制,以5头雄性梅花鹿为材料,测定了从脱盘到生长停止期间的鹿茸生长速度、相对骨质密度(RBM),血清睾酮,雌二醇含量及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力。并对这些因素之间的关系作了分析。 测定结果表明,鹿茸从脱盘到停止生长约为120天。在此期间,所测各值变化均显著(P<0.01)。在前75天,鹿茸生长速度、 AKP活力迅速上升,并达到高峰。 RBM缓慢上升,虽与最低值比较差异显著(P<0.01),但上升幅度与75天以后相比则小得多。睾酮含量处于平稳期( P>0.05),雌二醇含量在脱盘后15天出现高峰,到75天降到最低,该期应属于鹿茸生长期。 75天以后,鹿茸生长速度、 AKP活力迅速下降, RBM、睾酮和雌二醇含量快速上升,该期应属于鹿茸骨化期。在生长期和骨化期,生长速度与AKP活力呈正相关(r=0.8);在骨化期,生长速度与RBM呈负相关(r=-0.9),与睾酮、雌二醇含量呈负相关(r=-0.9), RBM与睾酮、雌二醇含量呈正相关( r=0.9)。     

氦氖激光对卵巢机能不全奶牛外周血浆中孕酮含量影响的试验

孕酮及雌二醇在维持奶牛的繁殖机能中起重要作用,为探讨氦氖激光治疗奶牛卵巢机能不全,使其性周期恢复正常的机理,我们应用氦氖激光进行照射治疗,对照前,照射过程中及停照后病牛外周血浆中孕酮及雌二醇的含量进行放免测定。现将七头卵巢机能不全奶牛外周血浆孕酮放免测定结果报告如下:     

三种鹿属动物血清淀粉酶同工酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对３４头白唇鹿，５８头马鹿和１１头梅花鹿的血清淀粉酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果发现：（１）３种鹿的血清淀粉酶都有ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２和ＡＭＹ３种同工酶，但白唇鹿ＡＭＹ１和ＡＭＹ２同工酶的相对迁移率小于马鹿和梅花鹿；（２）３种鹿的ＡＭＹ１同工酶都有ＡＭＹ１Ｆ和ＡＭＹ１Ｓ两种表型，以ＡＭＹ１Ｆ为优势表型（分别为６４．７１％，６８．９７％和８１．８２％）；（３）白唇鹿的ＡＭＹ２同工酶存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ，ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ和ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ３种表型，以ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ为优势表型（５０．００％）；（４）马鹿的ＡＭＹ２同工酶存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ，ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ，ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ和ＡＭＹ２Ｏ４种表型，梅花鹿存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ和ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ两种表型，以ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ为优势表型（分别为８９．６６％和９０．９１％）。     

大豆黄酮对奥利亚罗非鱼生长及相关激素水平、血液生化指标的影响

挑选体质量相近的奥利亚罗非鱼，随机放入网箱，分为对照组（基础日粮）、大豆黄酮（Da）组（基础日粮＋Da10mg／kg），并各设2个重复，试验期为32d。结果，与对照组比较，Da组雄鱼日增重提高14．9％（P〈0．05），体质量特定生长率增加15．2％（P〈0．05），生长激素（GH）水平提高29．1％，甲状腺激素（T3）水平提高13．2％，睾酮水平提高27．3％，雌二醇水平下降22．8％；雌鱼日增重及体质量特定生长率变化不大（P〉0．05），GH水平提高24．8％。T3、睾酮水平几无变化，雌二醇水平下降10．5％。Da组雄、雌鱼脲氨水平分别下降51．5％、17．3％（P〈0．05）；血清抗氧化能力分别上升79．5％、48．1％（P〈0．05）；肝抗氧化能力分别上升73．9％、33．3％（P〈0．05）；血钙、血糖水平变化不大。结论：Da可能通过提高生长激素和睾酮水平促进奥利亚罗非鱼雄鱼生长。     

分离Y精子在茸鹿性别控制中的应用研究

为研究一种新的茸鹿繁殖方法,2007～2008年对469头马鹿,79头梅花鹿进行性别控制技术研究。结果表明：性别控制冻精情期受胎率马鹿为87．21％,梅花鹿为60．76％,两者之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,性比率（指产公仔率）马鹿为90．95％,梅花鹿为93．75％,两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;性别控制冻精与普通冻精输精比较,马鹿情期受胎率之间、性比率之间和梅花鹿性比率之间都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,梅花鹿情期受胎率之间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。普通冻精受胎率马鹿为94．89％、梅花鹿为61．63％,性比率马鹿为50．22％、梅花鹿为49．06％,性别控制冻精受胎率整体接近普通冻精,性比率则提高40％以上,比较分析认为对茸鹿X、Y精子分离进行性别控制试验是成功的。     

氦氖激光扫描照射鸡卵对其孵化率影响的试验研究

试验选用黑龙江省哈尔滨市激光技术研究所研制的氦氖激光促机，对滨白、海兰白、罗曼及依沙４个品种进行扫描照射，照射剂量选择为９０秒、１２０秒和１５０秒。结果表明用氦氖激光促孵机对不同品种鸡种蛋检前进行扫描，均能明显地降低中死率和提高孵化率，对白壳卵扫照１２０秒，褐壳卵扫照１５０秒分别提高孵化率为海兰白５．８３％，滨白５．３６％，罗曼５．０７％。依沙３．５１％。     

激光照射对肉鸡鸡胚孵化的影响

采用不同照射时间和位置在孵化前用氦氖激光照射鸡蛋，对早期胚胎发育和减少死亡率有促进作用。试验组死亡率为４．１３％～７．３２％，对照组死亡率为８．１３％。激光处理的效应取决于照射的时间和位置。结果证明，２０秒垂直照射的种蛋孵化率率最高，比对照组高４个百分点。     

Testosterone increases urinary free felinine, N-acetylfelinine and methylbutanolglutathione excretion in cats (Felis catus)

Two days after castration, urinary free felinine plus N-acetylfelinine decreased 24% in male cats, but, by day 5, the concentration had not decreased to that routinely found in males that have been castrated for several months. In a second experiment, three groups of castrated adult male cats received different subcutaneous injections: control (carrier), testosterone, testosterone plus estradiol. A fourth group of intact adult female cats received a testosterone injection. Urine was collected and analysed for free felinine, N-acetylfelinine and 3-methylbutanolglutathione. Baseline blood testosterone and estradiol concentrations were low during the pre-period, but increased sharply after hormone injections. The concentration of all three urinary metabolites increased as a result of testosterone injections with estradiol not modulating the effect. The effect of testosterone was not gender dependent. The concentration of free felinine, N-acetylfelinine and 3-methylbutanolglutathione in the urine remained low in the placebo control group throughout the study. The relative molar contribution of free felinine to the total amount of felinine containing compounds increased due to testosterone treatment, while the contribution of 3-methylbutanolglutathione and N-acetylfelinine decreased. Testosterone increases free felinine, N-acetylfelinine and 3-methylbutanolglutathione excretion in castrated adult male and intact female cats, whereas estradiol does not modulate this effect.     

DHEA诱导小鼠PCOS模型过程中性激素的变化规律

【目的】鉴于在多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)发病机理和治疗方式上的诸多争议,以及使用人类PCOS材料进行研究的局限性,本研究通过构建PCOS小鼠模型以探究在模型构建过程中性激素水平的变化规律。【方法】皮下注射脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)诱导昆明白雌鼠产生PCOS样临床症状,通过结晶紫染色查看小鼠性周期是否发生停滞;利用HE染色的方式确定卵巢发育状况;利用ELISA技术调查建模过程中血清睾酮和雌二醇浓度的变化规律。【结果】使用结晶紫对小鼠阴道上皮细胞染色可准确区分小鼠各个性周期阶段;使用6 mg/100 g DHEA持续诱导20 d后,昆明白小鼠性周期循环发生了一定的停滞,且在建模过程中体重变化与芝麻油溶剂的加入呈显著相关(P<0.05),与DHEA处理无关;DHEA连续处理后可见卵巢中巨大囊状卵泡出现,血清睾酮水平出现显著升高(P<0.05);自PCOS模型构建的第5天起,血清睾酮水平显著上升(P<0.05),且维持到建模结束;而血清雌二醇水平出现了阶段性变化,在第10、15天...     

Fadrozole对公鸡的生长发育和精清激素浓度的影响

芳香化酶抑制剂Fadrozole能诱导雌性鸡胚雄性化,而不影响出生时雄性鸡胚的性别,但Fadrozole是否影响公鸡出雏后的生长发育和繁殖能力尚不清楚。在性别分化前(E3.0),向农大3号矮小商品代鸡胚注入PBS和不同剂量的Fadrozole(0.、10.3、0.5、1.0mg和1.3mg分别为1F、F2、F3、F4和F5),以出雏后的公鸡作为试验材料,探索Fadrozole对出雏后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的性激素和生长轴激素的影响。结果表明:高剂量组F4和F5分别为33.33%和13.33%,出雏率显著低于对照组P(<0.05),而低剂量组F1、F2和F3与对照组相比,出雏率无显著变化(P>0.05);各剂量Fadrozole处理组和对照组的体重和胫长在8周龄和20周龄时无显著差异P(>0.05);性成熟后(30周龄),F5精清中的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)显著高于对照组和其他各处理组(P<0.05),但ln(T/E2)在各处理组和对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05);本试验说明Fadrozole不影响雄性胚胎的性腺分化,但高浓度的Fadrozole不利于鸡胚的发育;Fadrozole不影响出生后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的生长轴激素激分泌和精清中睾酮与雌二醇的比值。     

笼养丹顶鹤繁殖行为和粪样中性激素水平变化的关系

2007年3月～2008年2月,在哈尔滨北方森林动物园,选2对健康的成年丹顶鹤,采用目标取样和扫描取样相结合的方法进行了行为观测,同时收取粪便提取激素,利用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定了笼养丹顶鹤粪样中睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇的浓度。试验结果表明：笼养丹顶鹤繁殖行为呈显著的季节变化,其对鸣、炫耀行为的高发期在3、4月（P〈0．05）,营巢行为在3月极显著高于其他月份（P〈0．01）,丹顶鹤的交尾行为集中出现在3、4月（P〈0．05）;繁殖期雄性丹顶鹤粪便中睾酮平均水平为（259．59±149．70）ng／dl,非繁殖期为（84．81±27．35）ng／dl,二者差异显著,繁殖期雄鹤求偶炫耀、交尾、卧巢等的发生频次与粪便中睾酮呈极显著相关（P〈0．01）,其对鸣、警戒以及营巢都与睾酮变化水平呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中的孕酮平均浓度为（9．65±7。15）rig／m1,非繁殖期为（2．76±0．97）ng／ml,差异显著,繁殖期雌鹤粪便中的孕酮激素水平与其卧巢行为呈显著性相关（R=0．8848,P〈0．05）;繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中雌二醇平均浓度为（30．50±61．77）pg／ml,非繁殖期为（8．17±3．72）pg／ml,二者差异显著,繁殖期雌鸟雌二醇变化水平与其繁殖行为的相关性不显著（P〉0．05）;雌性丹顶鹤粪样中雌二醇激素的变化水平与其产卵时间有着较为密切的关系。     

Effect of active immunization against GnRH‐I on the reproductive function in cat

This study was designed to explore the effect of active immunization against maltose binding protein‐gonadotropin releasing hormone I hexamer (MBP‐GnRH‐I6) on the reproductive function in cats. Each immunized cat was administered twice intramuscularly in the neck at 16 and 20 weeks old. The concentrations of the testosterone and estradiol and the level of anti‐GnRH‐I antibody in the serum were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the weight and size of testicles and ovaries, and the concentrations of serum testosterone and estradiol in the immunized animals were lower than those of the control cats (P < 0.05), but that the levels of anti‐GnRH‐I antibody were significant higher compared to control animals (P < 0.05). Testicular tissues from the immunized male cats showed that seminiferous tubules were depauperate with the lumen relatively empty and that the differentiation of spermatogonia was not obvious. Tissues from the immunized female cats showed that the ovaries had many primordial follicles and primary follicles, but no secondary follicle was observed. These results showed active immunization against MBP–GnRH‐I6 could make the gonads atrophy and reduce the concentrations of gonadal hormones, which suggested that MBP‐GnRH‐I6 was a very effective immunogen in the cat.     

Steroid hormone concentration profiles in healthy intact and neutered dogs before and after cosyntropin administration

The purpose of this study was to determine steroid hormone concentration profiles in healthy intact and neutered male and female dogs. Seventeen intact female dogs, 20 intact male dogs, 30 spayed female dogs, and 30 castrated male dogs were used in this study. Serum samples were collected before and 1h after cosyntropin administration, and serum concentrations were determined for cortisol, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol. Intact male dogs had greater concentrations of DHEAS, androstenedione, and testosterone. Intact female dogs had greater concentrations of progesterone. There was no significant difference in estradiol concentration among the four groups. Intact male dogs had lower concentrations of cortisol post-stimulation. DHEAS and testosterone did not increase in response to ACTH in intact males, and estradiol concentrations did not increase in response to ACTH in any group. Results from this study will enhance interpretation of suspected adrenal and/or gonadal disorders of dogs. Because estradiol concentrations were similar in all groups of dogs, measuring estradiol may not be a useful diagnostic test. Cortisol concentrations for intact male dogs with hyperadrenocorticism may be lower than those of female or neutered dogs.     

Ovarian follicular changes after weaning in sows.

Three experiments investigated ovarian follicular development in sows whose litters were weaned at 28 to 31 d of lactation. Unilateral ovariectomy near the time of weaning was used to assess early follicular characteristics and to identify those sows that would not return to estrus within 10 d after weaning. This allowed segregation of and exclusion from the study those sows that had a prolonged interval from weaning to first estrus. In Exp. 1, 82 and 72% of the large follicles that were marked at 48 or 72 h after weaning (10 sows per time point) were subsequently identified as corpora lutea. In Exp. 2, sows (seven to nine per time point) were unilaterally ovariectomized at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, or 48 h after weaning, and follicular fluid was evaluated for changes in steroid concentrations. Progesterone concentrations in fluid from medium-sized (4 to 6 mm) follicles increased by 6 h after weaning and then declined through 24 h concomitant with increases in testosterone and estradiol. For Exp. 3, follicular fluid and granulosa cells from individual follicles were obtained from sows (seven to nine per time point) at 0, 6, and 24 h after weaning. In follicular fluid, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were not correlated (P greater than .05) with concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, or estradiol, or with granulosa cell production of estradiol during culture in androstenedione-supplemented medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Steroids and cAMP in follicles of postpartum beef cows treated with norgestomet.

To determine time of occurrence of follicular changes that may be associated with the length of the subsequent luteal phase, follicles were collected at different times before ovulation from cows expected to have corpora lutea of short (control) or normal (norgestomet-treated) life span. Beginning on d 20 to 23 postpartum (d 0 of study), 34 crossbred beef cows received either a 6-mg implant of norgestomet for 9 d or served as untreated controls. Ovaries were removed from norgestomet-treated cows on d 6 (N6; n = 9), d 8 (N8; n = 8), or the day after implant removal (N10; n = 8). Control cows were ovariectomized on d 6 (C6; n = 4) or d 10 (C10; n = 5). The largest and second largest follicles greater than 8 mm (F1 and F2, respectively) were dissected from the ovaries. Granulosal and thecal layers and follicular fluid were separated and assayed for estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Cyclic 3'5'adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was determined in thecal and granulosal tissue. Diameters of the F1 (14.6 +/- .4 mm) and F2 (10.6 +/- .4 mm) did not differ due to treatment. A greater proportion (P less than .05) of the F1 (20/33) than of the F2 (4/27) had estradiol:progesterone ratios of greater than 1 in follicular fluid. Contents of estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone in theca and granulosa and follicular fluid, androstenedione in theca, and testosterone in theca and follicular fluid (all P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Histological Characteristics and Steroid Concentration of Ovarian Follicles at Different Stages of Development in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was to investigate the histological characteristics and steroid concentrations in follicular fluid of different populations of follicles at different stages of development, during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle in cows. Follicles from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse were allocated into three size categories (small, 2–5.9 mm; medium, 6–13.9 mm; and large, 14–20 mm) in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Slices were stained with HE and PAS for histological analysis. Follicular fluid was pooled according to size and pregnancy status and estradiol, testosterone and progesterone concentrations in follicular fluid were determined by RIA. Characteristics of healthy follicles did not differ, regardless of follicle size or pregnancy status. Total histological atresia was significantly higher in pregnant cows than in non-pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Estradiol increased and testosterone decreased significantly, while follicles increased in size, in both non-pregnant and pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Nonpregnant cows had the highest estradiol values in follicles of all sizes. Medium and large follicles from pregnant cows showed the lowest testosterone concentration (p < 0.05). Progesterone levels increased with follicle size only in non-pregnant animals. In large follicles, progesterone concentration was significantly higher in non-pregnant cows than in pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Considering steroid concentration and histological findings, most large follicles might be atretic during pregnancy in cattle.     

Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in 15 dogs with perineal hernia

Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, and serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were evaluated in 15 dogs (greater than or equal to 5 years old) with perineal hernia (9 sexually intact males and 6 castrated males) and in 9 clinically normal sexually intact male dogs greater than or equal to 5 years old. There was no significant difference in serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio between sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. In castrated dogs with perineal hernia, serum testosterone concentration and testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower, compared with those values in sexually intact dogs with perineal hernia and in clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol 17-beta concentration among sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia, castrated dogs with perineal hernia, and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in dogs with perineal hernia did not differ from those values in clinically normal male dogs of the same age. Castration cannot be recommended for the treatment of perineal hernia unless a castration-responsive contributing factor such as prostatomegaly is identified, unless the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia has high sensitivity to normal or low serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, or unless there is documentation that other androgens and/or estrogens are involved.