檫树人工林和天然林木材纤维形态和化学成分的比较研究

通过对檫树人工林和天然林木材纤维形态和化学成分的测定和比较分析 ,结果表明 :檫树人工林木材纤维长度和长宽比小于天然林 ,宽度大于天然林 ;纤维素、戊聚糖和木素的含量均稍高于天然林 ,灰分和抽出物含量均低于天然林     

3种华南商用藤材的解剖特性

藤材的解剖结构与藤材性能及其加工利用密切相关.研究藤材的基本解剖特性,对于藤材的归类、开发利用和加工改性等具有重要的指导作用.藤材的商业化取决于以下因素:可及性、直径、节间长度、颜色以及加工特性,这些都基于藤材的基本特性,主要是解剖构造(Walter,1996).商业藤材一般具有以下特征(Walter,1996):1)藤茎的维管束分布均衡,在横截面上,纤维占20%～25%,输导细胞占15%,基本薄壁细胞占30%～35%;2)纤维帽尺寸相等,纤维长度一致,多层结构细胞壁;3)基本薄壁组织细胞小而且壁厚多层.维管束分布密度及纤维成分与输导成分的比例,纹孔、导管孔径的大小,对藤茎的坚韧程度影响都很大,纤维含量可作为藤茎坚硬度的指标,至于韧性还得考虑到纤维细胞的数量与输导组织成分的比例状况,特别是大型导管孔径的大小等,这些都是选择优良品种的主要依据(腰希申等,1998).     

我省引种的任豆木材纤维形态初步研究

试验表明：任豆（Ｚｅｎｉａｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｓｃｈａｎ）的木材纤维形态具有明显的阔叶材特征。其纤维平均长度为１．０１ｍｍ,纤维宽度为２３．１μｍ,长宽比为４３．７;其纤维素含量达５０．１１％,属于高含量的范畴,而木素含量为２２．０１％,则在中等水平。     

杉木纸浆材无性系选择研究

经过16a对杉木无性系材积、单株干物质、单株纤维量、纤维长、纤维宽、纤维长宽比、纤维含量、木材密度的变异规律和各性状间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明：无性系间各性状存在极显著差异,纤维长、宽不受立地影响。材积、纤维含量、木材密度对单株纤维量贡献率分别为61．7％、22．6％、15．7％。各性状遗传力0．51～0．68。选出了长纤维型造纸材优良无性系12个、中纤维型造纸材优良无性系4个、适合立地条件较差的造纸材优良无性系4个。     

胡颓子科2种旱生植物次生木质部的生态解剖学特性

从生态学角度对沙棘和沙枣的木材结构进行对比研究.两树种具有的共同特点为 :生长轮明显,半环孔材,具单穿孔,导管间纹孔交互排列,无分隔木纤维,导管较窄, 环管管胞和纤维状管胞具螺纹加厚,轴向薄壁组织缺失或很少.所选树种明显区别是射线类型、宽度和叠生排列方式:沙棘射线,轴向薄壁组织细胞和导管分子具有明显的叠生排列方式,但沙枣的叠生排列不规则;沙棘射线为异型,1～2列,沙枣射线为同型,2～5列;并且二者之间数量化指标有差异,沙棘导管频率较大,导管分子较短及导管管孔较小,因此V和M值也较小,更能适应干旱环境.两树种导管分子长和纤维长的水平变动不规律,并且树种间和同一树种个体间差异显著.本文最后对该树种的解剖学特征和沙漠环境的适应性进行了讨论 .     

烟草秆的构造和纤维形态分析

应用最新的体视显微术方法,测定了烟草秆的组织比率。提出了合理计算全部位纤维长度的方法通过分析表明,烟皮纤维体积率为19.1%,烟骨纤维体积率为64.1%,全部位纤锥体积率为58.5%:全部位纤维长度为1102×10~(-6)m,长宽比为43,壁腔比小于1,柔性系数中等。适宜作造纸和纤维板的生产原料。是一种亟待加以开发利用的纤维植物资源。     

Development and variation of wood density, kraft pulp yield and fibre dimensions in young Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Important wood, pulp and fibre properties were investigated on small wood samples from two Rumanian, one German and one Norwegian provenance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) grown in Sørkedalen, Norway. Several samples were collected from inside each single tree, both in radial and transversal direction in the stem. Data were collected from a total of 59 trees, each 28 years of age. All investigated properties showed close relationship to ring number (RN) (cambium age). For basic density and fibre wall thickness (FWT), a fast decline was first observed when moving from pith to bark and a minimum value was found around RN 5–8. The declining trend was then followed by an increase. Kraft pulp yield, fibre length and fibre width (FW) also increased with RN, but the increase was most pronounced close to the pith. The pulp yield (PY) more or less stabilised outside of RN 5–6. FW showed a decrease outside of RN 10–12, but this was probably due to the remarkable simultaneous drop in ring width for the investigated trees. FW decreased, while basic density and fibre length increased with increasing height in the tree. PY and FWT were not affected by height in tree. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most important variable indicating differences between trees in the investigated material. Basic density, fibre length and FWT decreased, while FW increased with increasing DBH. Height to crown had a positive effect on basic density, but had no influence on any of the remaining properties. Differences between provenances were found for basic density, fibre length and FW. The analyses showed that it is possible to describe the variation inside and between trees satisfactorily for a range of important wood and fibre properties.     

北方地区皂荚种子及荚果形态特征的地理变异

对我国皂荚北方自然分布区7个产地采集的皂荚种子及部分荚果进行取样测定,分别测定荚果及种子10项形态指标,结果发现:各指标在同一群体不同家系间差异显著;不同群体间,除荚果宽、种子长、荚果长宽比外,其余指标差异均达显著或极显著水平;单荚果质量、荚果长度、荚果宽度及荚果长宽比表现为同地理经度上的南北变异;荚果宽厚比及种子长宽比,表现为同地理纬度的东西变异;荚果厚度、种子长度与种子长宽比表现为西南-东北向变异;种子千粒质量无明显的地理变异规律,主要与分布地点的海拔高度、水分、太阳辐射及炎热状况的综合作用有关.     

Influence of initial planting spacing and genotype on microfibril angle,wood density,fibre properties and modulus of elasticity in Pinus radiata D. Don corewood

Pinus radiata D. Don trees from six clones, grown at initial spacings of 2500 stems ha⁻¹ and 833 stems ha⁻¹ were destructively harvested. For these trees wood properties were measured on radial slices sampled at a height of 1.4 m above the ground. Relative to wide spacing, close initial stand spacing significantly reduced microfibril angle (MFA) and ring width and significantly increased dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE), fibre length, latewood percentage and cell wall thickness. Density and fibre width were not significantly different between spacing treatments. Examination of the influence of genetic population on wood properties indicated that genotype significantly influenced MFA, MOE and ring width. The key wood properties MFA, MOE and fibre length were regressed against tree diameter, height and stem slenderness. All three wood properties were most strongly correlated with stem slenderness. Multiple regression models developed for MFA, MOE and ring width accounted for respectively 62%, 81% and 58% of the variation in these variables. The following changes occurred in sampled properties with increasing ring number: MFA and ring width declined markedly; MOE and fibre length increased markedly; latewood percentage and cell wall thickness increased slightly; and density and fibre width did not show any radial trend.     

四川桤木木材密度和纤维特性研究

通过对四川桤木6个家系,2～9a生样本连续进行生长、材性测定,得出如下主要结论:不同树龄之间、不同家系之间木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、纤维含量都达到极显著差异水平。纤维长度、纤维含量、基本密度第8年、第7年、第5年以后基本稳定。4个指标两两之间均达到极显著相关,生长速度与其材性没有必然的联系。     

杨树木材纤维长度变异及其在造纸中的应用

笔者分析了杨树木材纤维长度的径向变异规律及其与林木生长环境的关系,结果表明:木材纤维长度随树龄增长而增大,前3a快速增长,至第4年缓慢增长,趋于稳定,而与林木生长的立地环境关系不大。中龄林(4~7a生)木材适合造要求纤维长度为0.6~1.0mm吸墨纸等纸,成熟林(8a生以上包括8a生)木材适合造要求纤维长度为0.8~1.1mm打字纸等纸。     

栽植密度对小黑杨人工林木材解剖特性的影响

以山西朔州地区的小黑杨人工林为研究材料,研究不同栽植密度(1 000、500、250株·hm-2)对小黑杨木材解剖特性的影响.结果表明:栽植密度对纤维宽度、双壁厚、导管比量、胞壁率、导管个数、导管弦向直径的影响达极显著水平;对壁腔比的影响达显著水平;对纤维长度、长宽比、纤维比量、射线比量虽有一定的影响,但不显著.栽植密度与纤维宽度、导管直径呈负相关关系,与导管个数和比量呈正的相关关系.栽植密度对纤维形态的径向变异有不同程度的影响,但不改变纤维形态变异的一般规律.纤维长度的径向变异为从髓心至树皮向外逐渐增加,到第12 轮达到最大值后略有下降,纤维宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径的径向变异类似于纤维长度;壁腔比的总体径向变异为沿髓心向外,呈先升后降的波动性变异趋势.     

海南岛柚木的木材性质

１１—１３龄柚木２０株，１７—１９龄７株，取自海南岛尖峰岭，用以研究木材比重及纤维长度的某些特性及测定标准物理力学性质。以胸高圆盘加权平均数为单元，比重０．４６６—０．５８８，平均０．５１６：纤维长度０．８７８—１．２３０ｍｍ，平均１．０６３ｍｍ。生长轮宽度与比重及纤维长度之间表现弱的负相关。第１轮和第９轮的材性存在显著的相关关系。材性在标地间的差异不显著，标地内株间的差异很显著。径向变异：髓心附近几轮的纤维长度和比重均增长很快，第８轮以后，前者增长缓慢，后者多起伏。轴向变异：１．心部系列（髓心向外６生长轮）第１轮纤维长度的轴向变异很小，其外几轮的纤维长度缓慢向上减轻或有起伏；基部各生长轮的比重很大，向上急剧减小至１．３ｍ高度，此后各生长轮的变化不一致。２．边部系列（树皮向内６生长轮）纤维长度和比重均很快向上减小。讨论了影响纤维长度轴向变异的主要因素。提出标准物理力学性质的试验结果。     

Variation Within Trees of Wood Anatomical Properties in Chinese-Fir Plantation and Their Relationship Modeling Equations

A comprehensive analysis on the variation pattern of early- and latewood tracheid morphological parameters along tree (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) height, including length and width, wall thickness, tissue proportion, cell wall percentage, width of growth rings, and on the relationship among them are conducted. The results indicate an initially rapid and then gentle increase of tracheid length and width, thickness of the radial wall and tangential wall of tracheid, area percentage of tracheid from pith to outward, while S2 microfibril angle (Mfa) of tracheid, and rays percentage gradually decrease and then tend to be stable. The variation of all anatomical parameters but earlywood cell wall thickness shows no significance along tree height. The radial variation pattern of width of growth rings is characterized with initially slight decrease followed immediately by a rapid and then much more gentle increase from pith to outward. The delimitation age between juvenile and mature wood is 14-16 years. Com     

黑荆木材硫酸盐法制浆试验研究

试验对６年生黑荆木材硫酸盐法制浆工艺进行正交试验，得出最佳制浆工艺为：用碱量１５％，硫化度２０％，最高温度１６５℃，保温时间１２０ｍｉｎ，细浆得率５１．６１％，硬度１２．０８Ｋ值，黑液残碱４．７０ｇ／Ｌ，纸浆纤维平均长度０．８４５μｍ，平均纤维宽度１５．８４μｍ，长宽比为５３．３３，接近黑荆木材的纤维形态；利用该纸浆手工抄纸，定量为５．８６ｇ／ｍ２，纸张拉力为３．３４ｋｇ，裂断长度为３８４２ｍ，表明黑荆木材适宜作为造纸的原料。     

Effect of silvicultural practices on fibre properties of Eucalyptus wood from short-rotation plantations

The effect of nitrogen addition and weed management on fibre properties of wood from 6.5-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and E. tereticornis from intensively managed short-rotation plantations were investigated. Trees for analyses were sampled from plots with zero nitrogen input (n = 4), plots with high level (187 kg N ha^?1) nitrogen input (n = 4), plots from which weed growth was not removed throughout the rotation (n = 4) and plots from which weeds were removed periodically (n = 4). Fibre characteristics were evaluated on wood samples collected from base, breast height, 50, 75 and 100 % of merchantable bole height of trees. Though N input and weed management improved tree growth significantly irrespective of species, the treatment effects did not cause any significant change in fibre characteristics such as fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen width and wall thickness. Longest and widest fibres were observed at the outer most radial portion of wood in all cases. In general, within tree fibre length varied significantly along the radial direction of wood. Fibre diameter, lumen width and wall thickness lacked any specific pattern between species and treatments. Runkel ratio and felting and flexibility coefficients values showed high pulping quality of wood irrespective of species and treatments. The study concluded that the fibre properties that influence pulpwood quality of Eucalyptus have not been affected by silvicultural practices, like fertilizer input and weed management, aimed at improving productivity of short-rotation eucalypt plantations.     

大花序桉种源木材纤维特性变异研究

通过对6年生大花序桉(Eucaplyptus cloeziana)种源试验林的纤维特性进行研究,从树干方向和径向上分析纤维特性的变异规律,为该树种林木改良,定向培育和木材的合理利用提供理论依据.结果表明:大花序桉种源纤维长度在沿树干高度上相差不大,规律不明显;1.3 m高度纤维长度与长宽比随生长轮呈递增趋势,而腔径比则...     

杉木间伐小径材材性试验研究

杉木间伐小径材材性试验结果与成材杉木比较:密度小,晚材率较低,生长较快,吸水性较强;材质为未成熟幼林材种,物理性质较差,力学强度有所降低,作为建筑结构用材时,在设计与施工中必须注意到其强度的降低,采取必要的措施。杉木间伐小径材纤维长度与成材相似,纤维宽度略宽、纤维长宽比值略小,但尚为良好的纤维原料。     

Within and between-tree variation in the biometry of wood rays and fibres in cork oak (Quercus suber_L.)

The variability of fibre and ray dimensions was studied at three radial positions (10, 50 and 90% of radius) in 5 cork oaks (Quercus suber L.) approximately 40 years old. Uniseriate ray height and cell number as well as multiseriate ray height and width were measured in tangential sections. Fibre length, width and wall thickness were measured after maceration. The most striking features of cork oak wood were the large multiseriate rays and the frequent homocellular uniseriate rays. On average multiseriate rays were 5.16 mm high and 0.48 mm wide, and uniseriate rays contained 11 cells and were 227 μm high. Neighbour rays presented large dimensional differences but there was no radial variation and there were very small between-tree differences. The radial maintenance of high and wide rays was discussed as a means to improve water shortage in response to water stress. Fibre dimensions increased radially but differed little between trees: on average, 960–1,220 μm length, 18.40–21.49 μm width and 6.66–8.07 μm wall thickness. The ray pattern showed enough variation for visual appreciation while ensuring within and between-tree uniformity. The presence of rays has to be taken into consideration for designing wood drying programs.     

风吹楠叶片性状变异分析

对风吹楠6个家系2年生苗木叶片的10个性状进行测定,分析了家系间和家系内叶片性状变异规律。结果表明:风吹楠家系间各叶片性状存在不同程度的变异,各性状变异大小依次为叶面积叶柄长/叶长比叶面积叶长/叶宽宽基距/叶长叶长叶脉数叶厚叶宽脉左宽/叶宽;各叶片性状在家系间和家系内(除脉左宽/叶宽外)均达到α=0.01极显著水平,家系内的表型分化系数(61.21%)高于家系间,为其叶片性状的主要变异来源;风吹楠10个叶片表型性状间两两相关性较大,为种质资源鉴定指标优化提供了一个依据。