The t(14;18) chromosome translocations involved in B-cell neoplasms result from mistakes in VDJ joining

In this study, the joining sequences between chromosomes 14 and 18 on the 14q+ chromosomes of a patient with pre-B-cell leukemia and four patients with follicular lymphoma carrying a t(14;18) chromosome translocation were analyzed. In each case, the involved segment of chromosome 18 has recombined with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain joining segment (JH) on chromosome 14. The sites of the recombination on chromosome 14 are located close to the 5' end of the involved JH segment, where the diversity (D) regions are rearranged with the JH segments in the production of active heavy-chain genes. As extraneous nucleotides (N regions) were observed at joining sites and specific signal-like sequences were detected on chromosome 18 in close proximity to the breakpoints, it is concluded that the t(14;18) chromosome translocation is the result of a mistake during the process of VDJ joining at the pre-B-cell stage of differentiation. The putative recombinase joins separated DNA segments on two different chromosomes instead of joining separated segments on the same chromosome, causing a t(14;18) chromosome translocation in the involved B cells.     

Identification of DNA sequence responsible for 5-bromodeoxyuridine-induced gene amplification

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) treatment of the prolactin nonproducing subclone of GH cells (rat pituitary tumor cells) induces amplification of a 20-kilobase DNA fragment including all of the prolactin gene coding sequences. This amplified DNA segment, which is flanked by two unamplified regions, thus designates a unit of BrdUrd-induced amplified sequence. Cloned DNA segments, 10.3 kilobases long, from the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive and -nonresponsive cells, were ligated to the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1TK), and the hybrid DNA was transferred to thymidine kinase-deficient mouse fibroblast cells by transfection. The HSV1TK gene and the rat prolactin gene were amplified together in drug-treated transfectants carrying the hybrid DNA HSV1TK gene and rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells. These results suggest that the 10.3-kilobase DNA segment at the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells carries the information for drug-induced gene amplification (amplicon) and that another gene, such as the HSV1TK gene, is also amplified when the latter is placed adjacent to this segment.     

A poliovirus neutralization epitope expressed on hybrid hepatitis B surface antigen particles

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein carrying the surface antigen (HBsAg) is assembled with cellular lipids in mammalian cells into empty viral envelopes. In a study to evaluate the capacity of such particles to present foreign peptide sequences in a biologically active form, in-phase insertions were created in the S gene encoding the major envelope protein. One of the sequences inserted was a synthetic DNA fragment encoding a poliovirus neutralization epitope. Mammalian cells expressing the modified gene secreted hybrid particles closely resembling authentic 22-nanometer HBsAg particles. These particles reacted with a poliovirus-specific monoclonal antibody and induced neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus. The results indicate that empty viral envelopes of HBV may provide a means for the presentation of peptide sequences and for their export from mammalian cells.     

Locus of the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor is split by chromosome translocation in T-cell leukemias

Mouse lymphoma cells were hybridized with two human acute T-cell leukemias with a t(11;14) (p13;q11) translocation and the segregated hybrids were examined for the presence of the DNA segments coding for the constant (C) and the variable (V) regions of the alpha chain (C alpha and V alpha) of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha segment was translocated to the involved chromosome 11 (11p+) while the V alpha segment remained on the involved chromosome 14 (14q-). The data indicate that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome band 14q11.2.     

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌

根据金黄色葡萄球菌特异性STAA-Aul基因序列,设计、合成了一对引物,运用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术从10头患有奶牛乳房炎的奶牛奶样中扩增得到8个大小为420 bp的DNA产物;阴性样品中未扩增到产物。测定了其中2个DNA片段的核酸序列,确定为金黄色葡萄球菌的STAA-Aul基因。     

RFLP缩减杂交技术的改良与水稻雄性不育细胞质基因组差异片段的克隆

对基因组RFLP缩减杂交技术进行了改良,即用连接成大分子的Driver DNA与Tester DNA杂交、再利用PCR纯化试剂盒对大片段DNA回收率低的原理去除大部分Driver DNA以及与之杂交的非特异性Tester DNA片段.经过PCR扩增和克隆,获得多态性片段,可快速获得在亲本间有差异的分子标记．用该技术对水稻野败型雄性不育细胞质和正常细胞质DNA进行RFLP缩减杂交,获得了2个在不育系细胞质DNA与保持系细胞质DNA间的差异片段。     

Translocation and rearrangement of myeloperoxidase gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype M3) is characterized by malignant promyelocytes exhibiting an abundance of abnormally large or aberrant primary granules. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of these azurophilic granules, as assessed by cytochemical staining, is unusually intense. In addition, M3 is universally associated with a chromosomal translocation, t(15;17)(q22;q11.2). In this report, the MPO gene was localized to human chromosome 17 (q12-q21), the region of the breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the t(15;17), by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ chromosomal hybridization. By means of MPO complementary DNA clones for in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, the effect of this specific translocation on the MPO gene was examined. In all cases of M3 examined, MPO is translocated to chromosome 15. Genomic blot analyses indicate rearrangement of MPO in leukemia cells of two of four cases examined. These findings suggest that MPO may be pivotal in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.     

野猪肌细胞生成素基因的克隆与序列分析

参考家猪(X89007)MyoG基因序列设计2对特异引物,用PCR方法首次从野猪基因组中扩增出2个大小分别约为1.6 kb和1.0 kb的DNA片段,其PCR产物经pMD-18T载体转化感受态DH5α株大肠杆菌,获得重组克隆子。DNA测序和序列拼接表明:野猪肌细胞生成素基因DNA序列长2 466bp,含完整的3个外显子和2个内含子,与家猪、牛、马、狗、小鼠和人的MyoG基因的cDNA序列同源性分别为99.8%、92.4%、92.7%、89.7%、90.8%和94%,其cDNA编码氨基酸序列与家猪、牛、马、狗、小鼠和人的同源性分别为100%、96.4%、95.9%、94.1%、96.4%、96.8%;对野猪MyoG基因组序列与9个家猪品种的相应同源序列进行比较,检出16个核苷酸变异位点,且其中有5个为家猪中不具有的新变异位点,其变异位点主要发生在内含子部分,尤其是内含子1中的变异位点比例最大(11个)。这些结果表明,野猪肌细胞生成素基因的编码序列在进化过程中是高度保守的,而内含子部分尤其是第1内含子具有丰富的序列多态性。对117个限制性酶切位点扫描分析发现,野猪MyoG基因核苷酸序列中含有78个酶切位点,其中有5个酶切位点包含变异位点,尤其是1 153位点的T突变成G所产生的SmaI(CCC/GGG)或XmaI(C/CCGGG)酶切位点为野猪所特有。所测DNA序列已提交到GenBank中,获得的序列号为:FJ356697。     

一种快速·有效分离T-DNA插入位点的侧翼序列的方法——DW-ACP-PCR技术

DW-ACP-PCR(DNAWalking-Annealing control primer-PCR)是一种分离已知DNA序列的侧翼未知序列的新技术。该技术通过3个嵌套的特异引物分别和ACPC复性控制引物组合,进行3步连续的PCR反应,所有反应可以在1 d内完成。ACP的特殊结构能有效地控制非特异扩增。用DW-ACP-PCR技术扩增7个稻瘟菌T-DNA插入突变体的T-DNA插入位点的侧翼序列,均获得了特异目标片段。     

基因组步移技术克隆稀有鲫角蛋白18基因序列及序列分析

角蛋白18是角蛋白的一种,属于S型角蛋白,是在哺乳动物和两栖类动物胚胎发育中第一个表达的中间纤维蛋白。根据已发表的人、爪蟾及斑马鱼角蛋白18 DNA序列,通过DNAman同源性比较获得保守序列,并从中设计二对引物。从稀有鲫基因组中PCR扩增得到2 779 bp的角蛋白18的DNA序列片段;通过基因组步移,分别获得该基因的上游和下游序列片段;最后将获得的全基因片段克隆至质粒载体pMD19-T进行序列测定检验。结果显示所克隆的稀有鲫角蛋白18基因全长3 765 bp。对该基因进行NCBI的Blastn同源性比较分析,表明稀有鲫同斑马鱼比较角蛋白18 DNA序列存在73.6%同源相似性;同时对该基因进行生物学分析,开放阅读框(Open ReadingFrame,ORF)预测表明稀有鲫角蛋白18是含有7个外显子和6个内含子,共编码367个氨基酸的蛋白质。研究亮点:首次成功克隆了稀有鲫角蛋白18基因全长序列3 765 bp,并且通过软件预测分析得出氨基酸序列,把氨基酸序列在DNA序列中进行标记,显示稀有鲫角蛋白18基因全长序列含有7个外显子和6个内含子,共编码367个氨基酸。另外,没有采用常用的从RNA反转...     

Detection of bcr-abl fusion in chronic myelogeneous leukemia by in situ hybridization

Chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by fusion of the bcr and abl genes on chromosomes 22 and 9, respectively. In most cases, the fusion involves a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), which produces the cytogenetically distinctive Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). Fusion can be detected by Southern (DNA) analysis or by in vitro amplification of the messenger RNA from the fusion gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques are sensitive but cannot be applied to single cells. Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used with probes from portions of the bcr and abl genes to detect the bcr-abl fusion in individual blood and bone marrow cells from six patients. The fusion event was detected in all samples analyzed, of which three were cytogenetically Ph1-negative. One of the Ph1-negative samples was also PCR-negative. This approach is fast and sensitive, and provides potential for determining the frequency of the abnormality in different cell lineages.     

利用SCAR-PCR检测杂交油菜"蜀杂9号"的杂种纯度

用两个分别能在“蜀杂9号”父、母本之间稳定产生多态性的随机引物S18和S31,对父、母本DNA样品进行RAPD扩增,将得到的特异标记片段S18750和S31550进行回收、克隆和测序。根据测序结果设计序列特异性扩增(SCAR)引物SZ9SP1和SZ9SP2,将“蜀杂9号”的亲本RAPD标记转化为序列特异的SCAR标记。当用两对引物分别扩增杂种F1代单株总DNA时,能分别获得父、母本特异序列扩增带,表明获得的SCAR标记能可靠地用于“蜀杂9号”杂种纯度的检测。     

Isolation of human transcribed sequences from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids

A method was developed for selectively isolating genes from localized regions of the human genome that are contained in interspecific hybrid cells. Complementary human DNA was prepared from a human-rodent somatic cell hybrid that contained less than 1% human DNA, by using consensus 5' intron splice sequences as primers. These primers would select immature, unspliced messenger RNA (still retaining species-specific repeat sequences) as templates. Screening a derived complementary DNA library for human repeat sequences resulted in the isolation of human clones at the anticipated frequency with characteristics expected of exons of transcribed human genes--single copy sequences that hybridized to discrete bands on Northern (RNA) blots.     

Taq DNA聚合酶的热纯化制备（摘要）

[目的]提高Taq DNA聚合酶的制备效率。[方法]利用Ni柱亲和色谱纯化载有6xHis标记的Taq DNA聚合酶,并重组载体,利用Taq DNA聚合酶的耐热特性,对粗提液75℃处理1h,之后通过PCR试验验证制备酶液的活力。[结果]所获重组的pET-32A-Taq能够在BL21（DE3）宿主菌中高效表达并可通过热变性去除杂蛋白,获得了活力远高于购买的Taq DNA聚合酶的酶制剂。[结论]使用热纯化法制备的Taq DNA聚合酶工艺简单,成本较低,能满足常规大量PCR实验要求。     

Taq DNA聚合酶的热纯化制备

[目的]提高Taq DNA聚合酶的制备效率。[方法]利用Ni柱亲和色谱纯化载有6xHis标记的Taq DNA聚合酶,并重组载体,利用TaqDNA聚合酶的耐热特性,对粗提液75℃处理1h,之后通过PCR试验验证制备酶液的活力。[结果]所获重组的pET-32A-Taq能够在BL21（DE3）宿主茵中高效表达并可通过热变性去除杂蛋白,获得了活力远高于购买的珊DNA聚合酶的酶制剂。[结论]使用热纯化法制备的Taq DNA聚合酶工艺简单,成本较低,能满足常规大量PCR实验要求。     

肠艾美尔球虫单卵囊分离及ITS-1序列测定

[目的]建立一种有效的鉴定球虫种类分子生物学方法。[方法]采用单卵囊分离技术,分离肠艾美尔球虫,提取卵囊基因组DNA。根据GenBank中发表的艾美尔属球虫18SrDNA和5.8SrDNA序列,设计特异性引物,扩增内转录间隔区1（ITS-1）,PCR产物直接测序。[结果]成功分离出肠艾美尔球虫,PCR扩增出434bp清晰条带,且最低能检测出27个孢子化卵囊。[结论]该研究结果为球虫虫种及虫株的准确鉴定奠定了基础。