松褐天牛成虫高毒力绿僵菌菌株筛选及液体振荡培养条件

对3株绿僵菌菌株通过不同温度水浴处理,发现了孢子的萌发条件;并开展了3菌株对松褐天牛成虫的毒力测定,筛选出Ma₇₈₉菌株的致病力较强。通过正交试验对其液体振荡培养条件进行了分析,选出了菌丝体生长最适培养基为蔗糖20 g·L^-1,酵母粉10 g·L^-1,KH₂PO₄ 3.0 g·L^-1,MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.0 g·L^-1,CaCl₂ 0.5 g·L^-1;培养液生孢子最适培养基为蔗糖20 g·L^-1,蛋白胨10 g·L^-1,KH₂PO₄ 1.5 g·L^-1,MgSO₄·7H₂O 2.0 g·L^-1,CaCl₂ 0.5 g·L^-1。     

白花树花粉生活力检测方法与贮藏特性研究

以江西吉水种源的白花树花粉为研究材料,进行了扫描电子显微镜下的花粉形态结构观察以及采用离体培养基法、I₂-KI和TTC染色等花粉生活力测定方法的比较研究,探讨了不同贮藏条件对花粉萌发的影响。研究结果表明：白花树花粉粒为长球型,具3孔沟,外壁面具细网状纹饰;花粉平均极轴长52.33±0.577 μm,平均赤道轴长26.89±0.502 μm;3种花粉生活力测定方法中以离体培养基法最有效,花粉萌发的最佳组合为：10%蔗糖+0.05 g·L^-1硼酸+100 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3 h;花粉最佳贮藏条件为-80 ℃密封保存,贮藏180 d后花粉的萌发率仍可达40.97%。     

花吊丝竹组培快繁育苗技术研究

The rapid propagation technology of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus was studied by investigating the effects of some factors such as selection of explant, phytohormone, culture method etc. The results show that: The best month for explant collection of D. minor var. amoenus is May and June. The best position for explant collection is middle-upper part knot of semi-lignification branch. The clump shoot could be induced in medium with 3/4MS+BA 4 mg·L^-1+KT 1 mg·L^-1+CW 100 mL·L^-1. The optimal medium for subculture of D. minor var. amoenus is 3/4MS+BA 2 mg·L^-1+KT 1 mg·L^-1+CW 100 mL·L^-1. Liquid medium is beneficial for improving growth condition and proliferation rate of clump shoot. The medium 1/5MS+IBA 8 mg·L^-1+ NAA 4.5 mg·L^-1 + KT 0.1mg·L^-1 is a relative suitable rooting medium for D. minor var. amoenus, with the rooting method of synchronized treatment first and then rooting. The survival rate of seedlings could be higher than 90% in substrate of fine river sand∶peat soil=3∶ 1.     

几种植物生长物质对松树枝梢生长的调控及对枝梢害虫的防治

采用CEPA、GA₃、PP₃₃₃、B₉等植物生长物质,以不同浓度处理马尾松、黑松、湿地松、火炬松枝梢,比较药剂种类和处理浓度对枝梢生长的影响。结果表明: GA₃(2 500 mg·L^-1)对各供试树种均有显著促进作用(试验3中对湿地松除外);试验1中,5 000 mg·L^-1 PP₃₃₃显著抑制马尾松枝和黑松枝的伸长生长,具有最佳调节效果;试验2中,5 000 mg·L^-1 PP₃₃₃显著抑制湿地松和马尾松枝的伸长生长,具有最佳调节效果;试验3中,5 000 mg·L^-1 PP₃₃₃＋5 000 mg·L^-1B₉复合制剂显著抑制湿地松和火炬松枝梢的伸长生长,具有最佳调节效果。用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定微红梢斑螟成虫对松梢的嗅觉反应,结果表明处理组枝梢对微红梢斑螟成虫驱避效果明显;微红梢斑螟等松梢害虫危害率调查表明,处理枝梢的被害率也明显低于对照枝梢。     

施肥配比与芸苔素内酯对油茶生长的影响研究

采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计,分别对长林系列3个优良油茶无性系进行施肥配比和叶面喷施芸苔素内酯(BR)试验研究,结果表明:(1)油茶品种是影响油茶各项生长指标的最根本的因素;(2)各因子对地径、冠幅、产量和净光合作用影响权重依次是品种、因子间互作、施肥和芸苔素内酯,施肥对叶绿度影响比因子间互作影响大,而对高生长影响刚好相反;对出籽率影响依次是品种、施肥、芸苔素内酯及因子间互作;(3)18号品系、N₂P₂K₂和0.067 mg·L^-1 芸苔素内酯浓度组合时,树高、冠幅和出籽率表现最好;4号品系、N₁P₁K₁和0.067 mg·L^-1芸苔素内酯组合时,地径增长、叶绿度和产量最大;4号品系、N₂P₂K₂和0.033 mg·L^-1芸苔素内酯组合时,日均净光合速率最大。     

Cd及矿质营养元素在结缕草植株中的积累特性

以水培方法研究了镉在结缕草中的积累特性及对矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:Cd²⁺处理下结缕草根、叶中镉的分布比例为细胞壁>胞液>细胞器。低浓度(1、10 mg·L^-1)处理下,结缕草茎细胞液中镉的比例分别较细胞壁中镉的比例高出61.70%、69.60%;高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)处理下,细胞壁中镉的比例较细胞液中镉的比例高出47.70%。低浓度(1、10 mg·L^-1)处理的结缕草地下部的镉含量显著高于地上部,而高浓度下(100 mg·L^-1)结缕草地上部的镉含量较地下部显著提高37.31%;随着处理浓度的升高,镉转运系数显著提高,100 mg·L^-1处理下镉转运系数分别较1、10 mg·L^-1提高了4.12、2.45倍。高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)处理下,结缕草地下部N、K、Ca、Mg含量下降,P、S含量有所提高。高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)镉处理下,地上部N含量较对照显著上升16.11%,Ca、Mg的含量均较对照升高;不同浓度镉处理的地上部P、K、S含量均较对照降低。     

牡丹新鲜花粉活力的快速测定

为建立牡丹花粉活力快速测定技术,筛选适于杂交育种的父本材料,比较了TTC染色法、I2-KI染色法、醋酸洋红染色法与离体萌发法测定结果相关性。TTC染色法的测定值偏低,醋酸洋红染色法的测定值偏高,二者不适用于牡丹花粉活力的快速测定;而I2-KI染色法的测定结果与离体培养萌发法的测定结果相近且具有很高的相关性,I2-KI染色法适于牡丹花粉活力较快捷、简便、准确的测定。利用I2-KI染色法测定了62个牡丹品种的花粉活力,筛选出了适于杂交育种父本的牡丹材料,对牡丹杂交育种具有重要指导意义。     

不同生长调节剂处理对卡特兰开花的影响

通过花鞘注射生长调节剂的方法,研究不同浓度的生长调节剂对卡特兰开花和开花性状的影响,结果表明:注射GA₃浓度为60、120 mg·kg^-1,卡特兰盛花期显著提前13.34、22.34 d,萼片、花瓣、花柄和花葶的长度显著增加;注射10 mg·kg^-1的NAA能够使花期提前,花朵显著增大;注射ABA对卡特兰的花期没有影响,注射ABA浓度为40 mg·kg^-1时,开花率下降,花朵缩小。注射60 mg·kg^{-1相似文献}   

茉莉酸甲酯对自然干旱条件下菊花扦插苗生理指标的影响

以菊花'夏黄’扦插苗为试材,研究了自然干旱条件下,叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)对菊花扦插苗抗旱相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,1 mg·L^-1MJ处理使菊花扦插苗叶片含水量升高,叶绿素含量在处理8 - 12 d显著增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;处理第12天,脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,达2.7 mg·L^-1,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别比对照高29.6%和70.5%。各处理相比,在生根扦插苗移植前4 - 8 d,喷施1 mg·L<     

鹅掌楸Genomic-SSR反应体系优化

The optimization of the Genomic-SSR reaction system is a basic protocol when the Genomic-SSR is used for genetic analysis in Liriodendron. The concentrations of Mg²⁺, dNTP, Primer and rTaq were tested by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment and single factor gradient experiment to gain the optimal reaction system. The results indicated that the optimal reaction system should contain 75 ng of genomic DNA, 1 μL of 10×buffer, 0.4 μL of 10 mmol·L^-1 dNTP, 0.75 μL of 2.5 mmol·L^-1 MgCl₂, 0.25μL of 10 μmol·L^-1 Primer, 0.05 μL of 5 U rTaq and final volume of 10μL. Repeated trials and two verification tests showed that this optimal reaction system was stable, reliable, efficient and suitable for the applications of Genomic-SSR in Liriodendron population genetics and quantitative genetics research.     

柚木花粉离体萌发试验

柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)是世界名贵的用材树种,天然分布于印度、缅甸、泰国和老挝[1],具有生长快、用途广、纹理美观和价格昂贵的特点,已在热带、南亚热带地区广为引种,是世界上人工林种植面积最大的4个树种之一,也是单位面积产值最高的一个造林树种[2-3]。我国引种柚木已有170多年的     

卷荚相思组培快繁技术研究

[目的]建立16年生卷荚相思优树组培快繁技术体系。[方法]以16年生卷荚相思优树的当年新生枝条带腋芽茎段为材料,对卷荚相思外植体进行消毒、初代培养、增殖培养、生根培养和移植等。[结果]表明:通过对16年生卷荚相思成年优树采条进行扦插,以扦插苗建立采穗圃,选取采穗圃中当年生健康无病虫害枝条的中段为外植体,最佳消毒方式为75%的酒精处理0.5 min和0.1%的升汞处理18 min,其存活率达69.33%,芽诱导率达86.67%;最佳初代培养基为改良MS+蔗糖40 g·L-1,出芽率为91.33%。最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1,35 d增殖倍数可达3.50倍;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.25 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+蔗糖40 g·L-1,15 d生根率为96.11%;将生根苗移植至以沙为基质的营养杯中,存活率为71.11%。[结论]研究解决了16年生卷荚相思成年优树外植体污染率高和芽诱导率低等问题,建立的组培快繁技术体系对今后加快卷荚相思良种选育及优质苗木大量扩繁具有重要作用。     

利用深黄被孢霉发酵生产油脂的初步研究

为提高微生物油脂产量,以产油微生物深黄被孢霉为试验菌株,采用单因素试验设计,通过摇瓶培养,研究了产脂培养基中碳源、氮源种类及其浓度、接种量、初始pH值、无机盐离子对菌体生长和油脂积累的影响,确定了深黄被孢霉摇瓶发酵产油脂的优化培养条件为:葡萄糖100 g.L-1,酵母粉3.0 g.L-1,接种量为20%,pH值为5.0~6.0,硫酸镁(MgSO4.7H2O)0.5 g.L-1,磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)2.0 g.L-1。在优化培养条件下菌体生物量为20.62 g.L-1,油脂含量为43.02%,油脂产量为8.87 g.L-1。     

Flotation techniques to improve viability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus polycarpos</Emphasis> seed lots

The germination of freshly collected Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) seeds is very low and attributed to the large proportion of nonviable seeds in the seed lots. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve seed lot quality by removing nonviable seeds using two flotation techniques: incubation-drying-separation (IDS) and modified specific gravity (MSG) separation. We examined different IDS conditions (the specific incubation time, subsequent drying time and sorting media) for effectively sorting out nonviable seeds; and tested the feasibility of modified SG separation, which involved soaking seeds in water for a certain period before sorting in different concentrations of sucrose solution. Viable seeds were expected to absorb and metabolically bind more water during soaking than dead seeds could, and hence be sorted effectively depending on the viscosity of the sucrose solution. The viability of the seeds that floated or sank was determined in a topographical tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. For the IDS trial, 7 days incubation followed by 9 h of drying and sedimentation in pure water or 200 g·L^?1 sucrose solution identified, respectively, 75 and 82 % of the seeds as viable (sunken) seeds. For the MSG trail, 77 % viable seeds were recovered in the sunken fraction when seeds were soaked for 48 h then immediately sorted in 600 g·L^?1 sucrose solution. In both cases, the loss of viable seeds in the discarded floating fraction was only 4 %. The results demonstrate that both IDS and MSG separation techniques substantially improved seed lot viability, but MSG separation is simple and needs no modern seed handling facility, and its efficacy relies on seed mass (due to the initial soaking) and the specific density and viscosity of the flotation medium.     

Embryo culture is an efficient way to conserve a medicinally important endangered forest tree species Strychnos potatorum

The present study reports a protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum (ver. Tel. Chilla) using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method. A 100% germination rate was obtained by culturing the embryos on full-strength Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing 20 g/L sucrose in comparison to McCown and Lloyd’s Woody Plant Medium (WPM). Germination rates decreased when the sucrose concentration was lower or higher than 20 g·L-1 . WPM/MS medium containing glucose at levels 30, 20, 15 g·L-1 showed a smaller percentage of germination and at quarter strength, WPM/MS medium with glucose did not respond. Multiple shoot formation was found at 1.0 2.0 mg/L BAP; 3.0 mg/L Kn; 2.0 mg/L TDZ on MS medium with 20 g·L-1 sucrose. Germination rates improved when the embryos were placed upright (vertically) in the medium. The in vitro germinated seedlings were acclimatized in a walk-in-chamber and maintained in the green house with the survival rate of 65% 75%. These plants were transferred to the field and were found to be phenotypically normal, healthy and similar to donor plants. This protocol will be useful to overcome seed dormancy and for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. potatorum using zygotic embryo culture.     

宽叶杜香叶柄再生体系建立及种质离体保存研究

The tender leafstalks of Ledum palustre var.dilatatum were used as explants for the experiment.Uniform design for the most suitable media for shoots regeneration immediately at base of tender leafstalks,rooting and germplasm conservation in vitro was screened.The results showed that N6+ZT 2.65 mg·L-1+IAA 0.05 mg·L-1 was fits for shoots regeneration,the frequency of shoots induction was higher than 92.5%;MS(modified)+IAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Kt 0.75 mg·L-1 for rooting,the rate of rooting was 98%;N-68+B9 2.5 mg·L-1+ Ph...     

蔗糖对胭脂虫的助食作用研究

利用蔗糖辅助培育胭脂虫,设置10个不同水平蔗糖浓度,每个水平10组重复,研究不同浓度蔗糖对胭脂虫的助食作用.结果表明:蔗糖对胭脂虫有明显助食作用,适当浓度的蔗糖有助于提高胭脂虫的产量.蔗糖浓度47.5 g·L-1至475.0 g·L-1可提高上虫量;在285.0 g·L-1浓度下,胭脂虫的存活率较高,种群数量变动较小;47.5 g·L-1至380.0 g·L-1均有利于提高雌成虫数量,并明显提高胭脂虫单片茎片的鲜质量和干质量;不同浓度的蔗糖均可提高胭脂虫雌成虫的体积及怀卵量,285.0g·L-1浓度的蔗糖辅助培育胭脂虫效果最明显.     

马占相思优树组培快繁技术研究*

相思(Acacia Mill.)类树种(俗称相思树)属含羞草科(Mimosaceae)金合欢属(Acacia Mill.),在我国广东、海南、广西、福建、云南和江西等地均有栽培。相思树植株高大挺拔,根系发达具根瘤,具有耐干旱贫瘠及抗风的特性,是水土保持及改良土壤的优良树种;同时,相思树还是优良的用材树种,其生     

6个蓝莓品种花粉特性和花粉育性的比较

为了探究湖南蓝莓引种区不同品种的花器形体特征及花粉生活力,从而为南方地区蓝莓引种栽培和授粉树的配置提供参考依据,采用纤维素酶溶解法、联苯胺染色法和离体培养等技术,对‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’等6个蓝莓品种的花粉特性、花粉量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发率等进行了比较研究。测定结果表明:1蓝莓花粉量在各品种间存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉数依次为162、250、178、166、141、170粒/花药,其中‘布里吉塔’的花粉数量最多,‘夏普蓝’次之,‘粉蓝’最少;2蓝莓花粉生活力在各品种中存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉生活力依次为30.87%、26.79%、31.34%、23.83%,18.80%、24.83%,其中‘夏普蓝’的花粉活力最大,‘莱格西’次之,‘粉蓝’最小;3 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适蔗糖浓度不尽相同,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘密斯梯’在蔗糖浓度为10%时其花粉萌发率均最高,依次为25.60%、9.10%、27.20%;当蔗糖浓度为15%时,‘夏普蓝’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’3个蓝莓品种的萌发率均达到最高值,依次为26.20%、21.20%、61.40%;4 6个蓝莓品种中,‘夏普蓝’花粉萌发所需的最适硼酸浓度为300μg·L-1,而其他5个品种花粉萌发的最佳硼酸浓度均为200μg·L-1;5 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适培养温度均为25℃。研究结果表明:6个蓝莓品种中,‘莱格西’和‘夏普蓝’均较适合用作授粉植株,其花粉量和花粉萌发率均较高。