南美斑潜蝇在四川的发生与防治

１９９６年３月,我们在四川省攀西地区开展美洲斑潜蝇调查时,在牛皮菜、蚕豆上采集到大量潜叶蝇害虫,经农业部植物检疫实验所陈乃中先生确认为南美斑潜蝇（拉美斑潜蝇）Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｈｕｉｄｏｂｒｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｂｌａｎｃｈａｒｄ）,这是我国继１９９３年在云南...     

4种方法研究蚕豆挥发物对南美斑潜蝇及甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂寻找寄主的趋向作用

为了研究蚕豆Vicia faba挥发物在南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis及其优势寄生性天敌甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus寻找寄主中的作用,本文采用了4种行为观测法进行试验,分别为＂I＂型嗅觉仪单刺激源、＂Y＂型嗅觉仪双刺激源、双室器双刺激源和田间模拟多刺激源的行为反应。试验分别设置健康植株处理、虫害植株处理和机械损伤植株处理及空气或泥土对照。结果表明,南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫在寻找寄主的过程中对蚕豆挥发物有显著的趋向作用。健康蚕豆植株处理和虫害植株处理分别对南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫选择寄主有显著的引诱作用。4种行为观测法所得结果基本一致。     

南美斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律

对云南省南美斑潜蝇及其主要寄生蜂潜蝇姬小蜂和潜蝇茧蜂的种群消长规律进行了研究。南美斑潜蝇在昆明关上菜区于 4、7、10月出现 3个高峰。潜蝇姬小蜂在春季蚕豆上种群数量较高 ,是控制南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。潜蝇茧蜂在秋季大棚内种群数量较高 ,是控制大棚南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。这两种寄生蜂对作物寄主有明显的选择性 ,潜蝇姬小蜂在春季的蚕豆、豌豆和芹菜上种群数量较高 ,潜蝇茧蜂在秋季的莴笋上种群数量较高     

蚕豆斑潜蝇防治技术探讨

蚕豆斑潜蝇防治技术探讨陈青（云南省大理州植保植检站６７１０００）宋文宏（弥渡县农技中心植保站蚕豆是云南省小春主要作物之一，年种植面积在２３．３万ｈｍ２。近年由于斑潜蝇的传入，对蚕豆生产构成严重威胁。目前已发现的种类有南美斑潜蝇（Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｈｕ...     

云南贵州两省南美斑潜蝇的考察

在云南和贵州考察确证,南美斑潜蝇已在当地定居危害。其成虫和幼虫破坏性极大,蚕豆、马铃薯和蔬菜幼苗常成片被毁,并危害麦类。该虫喜发生在温凉季节,我国多数地区都适于它的发生,必须抓紧防治和制止蔓延。     

武威市发现南美斑潜蝇

1999年 1 2月在武威市郊区高坝镇和和平镇温室黄瓜上发现南美斑潜蝇 [Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｈｕｉｄｏｂｒｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｂｌａｎ ｃｈａｒｄ) ]。这种害虫在甘肃省兰州、张掖、酒泉等地已于1 997～ 1 998年发现发生 ,但在武威市发现尚属首次。南美斑潜蝇的形态特征和为害症状与美洲斑潜蝇相似 ,但南美斑潜蝇食性更广 ,抗逆性强 ,虫道较粗且常连成片 ,形成较大的取食斑。该虫可周年为害 ,多从叶脉基部开始为害 ,虫道沿叶脉伸展 ,但不受叶脉限制。虫道影响光合作用 ,导致产量降低 ,品质下降。调查中还发现该虫喜食菜豆、豇豆、大豆、黄瓜、番茄…     

美洲斑潜蝇介绍

斑潜蝇是双翅目潜蝇科的一个属,以幼虫潜叶为害。全世界约有300多种,其中23种具有经济意义,但以三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii、美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae、南美斑潜蝇L.huidbrensis、番茄斑潜蝇L.bryonliae和线斑潜蝇L.strigata五个杂食性种为害最严重。前三种原产于美洲,已被欧洲等国家列为检疫对象;后两种原产于欧洲,也被美国等国家列为检疫对象,因此统称为危险性斑潜蝇。斑潜蝇原为一般性害虫,但在70年代后期一些种类突然上升为主要害虫。美国佛罗里达州70年代及80年代早期芹菜、莴苣、番茄及菊花因斑潜蝇为害损失严重,1976～1977年仅番茄生产损失就达几十万美元。1984年夏威夷蔬菜因遭斑潜蝇为害而损失1170万美元。 现简单介绍其中的美洲斑潜蝇。     

新疆发现南美斑潜蝇危害新疆杨

20 0 0年 4～ 1 0月间 ,笔者在岳普湖、巴楚县调查南美斑潜蝇时 ,发现蔬菜基地路、渠两侧栽植的新疆杨树干基部生出的小树的叶片上以及树干中下部生出的枝条的叶片上 ,有潜蝇的老虫道和新鲜虫道 ,一般一片叶片有虫道 1～ 2条 ,多者达 5条。采回带有新鲜虫道的叶片 1 9片 ,在室内保湿饲养 ,共饲养出南美斑潜蝇的蛹 5个 ,成虫 5头 ,平均每片叶片有虫 0 3头。南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis (Blamchard)的寄主植物分布在 1 0多个科数 1 0余种 ,主要偏嗜芹菜、黄瓜、丝瓜、葫芦瓜、芸豆、豆角、番茄、辣椒等 ,未见其危害杨树的报道。新疆杨…     

贵州省发现南美斑潜蝇为害小麦

贵州省发现南美斑潜蝇为害小麦南美斑潜蝇是我省１９９６年新发现的危险性害虫,属列入贵州省植物检疫对象补充名单的害虫之一。南美斑潜蝇以幼虫潜入叶肉为害,叶正反两面均可遭为害,虫道多沿叶脉弯曲、叶肉被食后成白色或褐色,从而影响作物的光合作用,受害叶片早枯脱...     

南美斑潜蝇在蚕豆上的为害规律

在云南丽江地区较为系统地研究了南美斑潜蝇在蚕豆上的发生为害习性及与有关生态因子的关系。本研究可为该虫的综合治理提供一定依据。 1 材料与方法 1.1 田间取样与调查方法:在丽江县城郊选择两块蚕豆地,每块地约为0.33hm~2,品种为丽江青皮,为冬性品种。自蚕豆出苗后(11月中旬)开始定点、定株、定叶调查,一直到蚕豆收获为止(5月中旬)。采用5点取样法,每点调查20株,每株自下而上按叶位进行调查,每叶位固定1片叶子,每隔5d调查1次。调查成虫取食孔(分级计数)、幼虫潜食斑(分级计数)和幼虫蛀道数。     

THE EFFECTS OF SUB-LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS

Summary. The effects of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, mecoprop and 2,3,6-TBA were compared with those of MCPA on the morphology and yield of lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, carrot, parsnip, French and broad bean, red beet, spinach, turnip and onion. Although the relativie phytotoxicity of MCPA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and mecoprop varied according to the crop, the morphological abnormalities produced by the different compounds were essentially similar, except that in lettuce and cabbage sperilic foliar symptoms appeared to be associated with 2,4-D. 2,3,6-TBA caused less epinasty and usually fewer root and stem abnormalities, but in some crops, notably French and broad bean, red beet and spinach, it produced severe injury symptoms which were different from those produced by the other compounds.
Effets de doses sub-léthales de MCPA. sur la morphologie et le rendement des cultures légumirres VI. Comparaison avec le 2,4-D, le 2,4,5-T, le micoprop et le 2,3,6-TBA     

Detection of tomato spotted wilt virus and transmission by Frankliniella occidentalis in France

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was isolated from pepper, tomato, eggplant, broad bean, lettuce, basil, chrysanthemum, aster, New Guinea impatiens, anemone and gloxinia plants. Virus identification was based on host range, vector transmission, serology and electron microscopy. TSWV was readily detected by ELISA in naturally or artificially infected cultivated or weed plants. The virus was also detected in individual F. occidentalis thrips. The spread of TSWV in vegetable and ornamental plants in greenhouses and/or in the open is related to the close relationship of the virus with the vector.     

北京菜豆(Phaseolus Vulgaris)上的一种新病毒—和性黄色花叶病毒

 从北京郊区患有类似花叶病害的菜豆株上分离到一种线条状病毒(长约700至750nm)并于1983至1986年间加以研究。在温室内接种可以侵染菜豆、蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、决明、苋色藜及昆诺藜而不能侵染被接种的任何茄科植物.同标准的菜豆普遍花叶病毒(BCMV)相比,它不侵染茄科植物例如黄花烟(Nicotiana rustica)和矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)在菜豆叶上也不产生坏死枯斑.此外它能侵染蚕豆、大豆、豌豆及决明而BCMV则不能.BCMV能侵染豇豆而这一分离物则不能.此分离物的物理性状为:钝化温度=56-580℃(十分钟),硫释限点=10^-3至10^-4,180℃下存治期为3天,A260/280=1.12.菜豆受侵叶组织易用光学显微镜观察到内含体包括一种片层叠合体.在电镜下超薄切片中可以看到风轮状体.极易用汁液摩接及用桃蚜(Myzus persic(接种.此病毒的衣壳蛋白亚基的分子量经测定为32,000道尔顿.此病毒与下列病毒即菜豆普通花叶病毒,菜豆黄色花叶病毒,黑眼豇豆花叶病毒,豌豆种传花叶病毒,三叶草黄脉病毒,莴苣花叶病毒及甜菜花叶病毒的抗血清均无反应.由于它在菜豆的"一窝猴"品种的叶片上产生沿脉黄色小点,因此认为这是一种新的独立的病毒,称之为菜豆和性黄色花叶病毒.     

不同寄主植物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育、繁殖和保护酶活力的影响

为了明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫(韭蛆)取食不同寄主植物对其生长发育的影响,并试图从其体内保护酶活力的差异分析不同寄主植物对其生长发育造成影响的原因。选取4种寄主植物(韭菜、生菜、大葱和马铃薯)饲养韭蛆,统计不同寄主条件下韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵、幼虫、蛹的发育历期和繁殖力,并分别测定不同寄主饲养后韭蛆的三大保护酶系(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD))的活性。结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫取食生菜后下一代的卵期(3.23d)最长,幼虫期(23.83d)最短;与取食韭菜的下一代的卵期(3.05d)和幼虫期(24.16d)差异显著。取食大葱的发育期(卵期+幼虫期+蛹期)合计最长(31.91d),与取食生菜的差异显著(30.96d),但与取食马铃薯和韭菜的差异不显著,后两者分别为31.87d和31.64d。与取食其他3种寄主的韭蛆相比,取食韭菜的成虫(雌和雄)寿命最长,产卵量最多。取食马铃薯的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的SOD活力最低,取食其他寄主的SOD活力之间差异不显著。取食大葱的幼虫POD活力最高,其次是取食韭菜的。取食韭菜的幼虫CAT活力最高,显著高于取食其他寄主。因此,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生长发育与寄主植物有一定的关联,寄主植物不同,韭蛆体内保护酶系的活力也不尽相同。     

Further evidence of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus but not of Lettuce big-vein associated virus with big-vein disease in lettuce

Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV) and Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) are found in association with big-vein disease of lettuce. Discrimination between the two viruses is critical for elucidating the etiology of big-vein disease. Using specific antibodies to MLBVV and LBVaV for western blotting and exploiting differences between MLBVV and LBVaV in host reaction of cucumber and temperature dependence in lettuce, we separated the two viruses by transfering each virus from doubly infected lettuce plants to cucumber or lettuce plants. A virus-free fungal isolate was allowed to acquire the two viruses individually or together. To confirm the separation, zoospores from MLBVV-, LBVaV-, and dually infected lettuce plants were used for serial inoculations of lettuce seedlings 12 successive times. Lettuce seedlings were infected at each transfer either with MLBVV alone, LBVaV alone, or both viruses together, depending on the virus carried by the vector. Lettuce seedlings infected with MLBVV alone developed the big-vein symptoms, while those infected with LBVaV alone developed no symptoms. In field surveys, MLBVV was consistently detected in lettuce plants from big-vein-affected fields, whereas LBVaV was detected in lettuce plants not only from big-vein-affected fields but also from big-vein-free fields. LBVaV occurred widely at high rates in winter-spring lettuce-growing regions irrespective of the presence of MLBVV and, hence, of the presence of the big-vein disease.     

不同寄主植物对西花蓟马生长发育、存活率及繁殖力的影响研究

西花蓟马是近年来入侵我国的世界性害虫。通过对其取食不同寄主植物后各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力影响的研究结果表明,在不同寄主植物上饲养西花蓟马,其发育历期长短顺序为辣椒＞四季豆＞茼蒿。寄主植物的不同部位对西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力的影响均存在显著差异(P＜0.05),与取食果实和叶片相比,西花蓟马取食花朵时生长发育速度、存活率及繁殖力明显提高。茼蒿花朵是西花蓟马最嗜好的寄主,用其饲养的西花蓟马成虫产卵期长、平均产卵量高;西花蓟马的未成熟期在茼蒿花朵上最短,为11.07 d,而在辣椒叶片上长达14.78 d。     

豌豆病毒病病原研究

 1986年至1990年,从豌豆田中采集了150余份病毒病样本,鉴定出蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BB-WV)、芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)、马铃薯Y病毒组分离物、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、莴苣花叶病毒(LMV)、大豆花叶病毒(SMV)、豌豆花叶病毒(PMV)、菜豆黄花叶病毒(BYMV)和苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)等9种病毒。样本中,BBWV所占的比例最高,达59.2%,其次为CMV,占15.5%。BBWV常与CMV复合侵染豌豆,LMV发生也较普遍。田间调查表明,豌豆病毒病发病率因种植地区及品种不同而有差异,平均发病率为12.4%。     

Genetic variability among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet

Fusarium yellows, caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae (Fob), can lead to significant yield losses in sugar beet. This fungus is variable in pathogenicity, morphology, host range and symptom production, and is not a well characterized pathogen on sugar beet. From 1998 to 2003, 86 isolates of F. oxysporum and 20 other Fusarium species from sugar beet, along with four F. oxysporum isolates from dry bean and five from spinach, were obtained from diseased plants and characterized for pathogenicity to sugar beet. A group of sugar beet Fusarium isolates from different geographic areas (including nonpathogenic and pathogenic F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. avenaceum), F. oxysporum from dry bean and spinach, and Fusarium DNA from Europe were chosen for phylogenetic analysis. Sequence data from β‐ tubulin, EF1α and ITS DNA were used to examine whether Fusarium diversity is related to geographic origin and pathogenicity. Parsimony and Bayesian MCMC analyses of individual and combined datasets revealed no clades based on geographic origin and a single clade consisting exclusively of pathogens. The presence of FOB and nonpathogenic isolates in clades predominately made up of Fusarium species from sugar beet and other hosts indicates that F. oxysporum f. sp. betae is not monophyletic.     

朱砂叶螨对不同蔬菜寄主的取食选择性

朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus寄主范围广泛,其对不同蔬菜寄主的取食选择性研究很少。本研究采用离体叶碟法和活体寄主法研究了朱砂叶螨在菜豆、茄子、番茄、黄瓜和甜椒等5种蔬菜寄主上的成螨数量、产卵数量、由卵发育至成若螨期的比例及活体寄主上叶螨数量的增长速度。结果表明,朱砂叶螨对供试的不同蔬菜寄主均可取食为害,但其对不同寄主存在取食偏好性。供试的5种寄主植物同时存在时,朱砂叶螨最喜食菜豆,在该寄主上种群发展速度最快,其次是茄子、番茄和黄瓜,在这3种寄主上的取食选择性差异不大,甜椒是该螨相对不喜食的寄主植物,但同样能够使叶螨成功完成其发育历期。离体试验和活体试验结果趋势一致。