地震波作用下高层框剪结构的非线性动力响应

In this paper, a method is presented for analysing the nonlinear dynamic response of R/C frame-wall structure under a strong earthguake ground motion. Based on the assumption that the bending stiffness of injured member is in a parabolic distribution, a n     

3层铁杉正交胶合木板结构的力学性能计算与分析

根据实际工程需要,对足尺铁杉3层CLT板的单元结构进行了力学性能计算与分析。一方面,通过运用机械组合梁理论,对铁杉3层CLT板的有效弯曲刚度和弯曲强度等力学性能进行预测计算;另一方面,依据其计算结果对铁杉3层CLT板在实际工程应用中的挠度、所承受的弯矩和振动固有频率等结构性能进行了预测研究。结果表明,2个等级的CLT有效弯曲刚度、抗弯强度和振动性能等结构力学性能均能满足实际工程应用需要。上述以期通过对足尺3层CLT板的单元结构的力学性能设计计算与分析,有助于为我国大幅面装配式重型木结构建筑提供合适和可靠的配套墙板和楼板。     

求解地基—结构系统运动方程的基本频率法

地基动力阻抗的频率相关性,导致地基－结构系统运动方程的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵是运动频率的函数。本文考察求解这类方程的一种近似方法的有效性,算例表明,对于采用箱,筏类基础的高层建筑,近似方法既简单又十分有效。     

土-桩-结构系统运动方程的求解方法

土－结构动力相互作用分析的子结构法中，土－结构系统运动方程的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵与频率相关。工程中通常采用系统的基本频率来计算地基的动力阻抗以简化运动方程的求解。对于土－桩－结构系统，本文提出一种时域中的精确解法来考察这种近似解法的有效性。     

成熟期大豆茎秆力学特性研究

为了降低冬小麦免耕播种机在工作时对大豆茎秆的打击,需要对大豆的茎秆进行力学特性分析.分别测量了不同节间的惯性矩、弹性模量及抗弯刚度等参数,发现惯性矩4~6节最大,弹性模量中部节间最低,而抗弯刚度呈线性降低.对大豆茎秆的微观结构与茎秆的力学特性关系进行了研究,结果表明,底部节间所需的剪切力、抗弯刚度较大,能够承受较大的弯曲力     

圆拱型连栋温室天沟优化设计

温室天沟是温室结构的重要受力构件,天沟的抗弯承载力和稳定性主要取决于天沟的抗弯刚度。对温室工程中常用的5种天沟截面形式的特性参数进行对比研究,分析各截面变量对特性参数的影响,并优选出抗弯刚度最大的天沟截面形式。     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in medicine and physiology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established diagnostic tool that provides detailed information about macroscopic structure and anatomy. Recent advances in MRI allow the noninvasive spatial evaluation of various biophysical and biochemical processes in living systems. Specifically, the motion of water can be measured in processes such as vascular flow, capillary flow, diffusion, and exchange. In addition, the concentrations of various metabolites can be determined for the assessment of regional regulation of metabolism. Examples are given that demonstrate the use of functional MRI for clinical and research purposes. This development adds a new dimension to the application of magnetic resonance to medicine and physiology.     

集中荷载下钢木组合梁试验研究及有限元分析

  目的  用钢材替代工字型木梁的腹板部分以解决纯木梁腹板易剪切破坏、抗弯刚度低的问题,有助于减小构件尺寸,增加其在大跨度建筑中的应用。  方法  在H型钢上下翼缘各覆一层木材并使用螺栓连接制备组合梁。对11根组合梁开展三点弯曲试验,研究螺栓间距、剪跨比对组合梁破坏模式、刚度和承载力的影响。通过4个推出试验研究钢木界面滑移对组合梁性能的影响。  结果  钢木组合梁的抗弯刚度比相同截面尺寸的矩形木梁提高了201%;H型钢在集中荷载作用下易发生上翼缘的局部屈曲,剪跨比为2时,试件出现脆性破坏特征,破坏始于上层木材,随着剪跨比增大,试件由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,木材最先破坏位置由上层木材转变为下层木材;剪跨比增大时,组合梁抗弯刚度减小,延性系数增大,峰值荷载下降了15%以上;螺栓间距增大时,组合梁抗弯刚度增大,延性系数减小,峰值荷载上升了15%以上。考虑钢木界面滑移的屈服承载力和跨中挠度的计算公式具有较高的准确性,所得计算值与试验值误差基本在10%以内;由材性试验获取材性参数,在此基础上使用ABAQUS软件建立考虑钢木界面滑移的有限元模型,模拟结果较为准确,组合梁抗弯刚度和屈服荷载的模拟值与试验值误差基本在10%以内。  结论  钢材用作腹板部分可以显著提高梁的抗弯刚度,并防止腹板剪切破坏;考虑界面滑移后,组合梁抗弯性能的理论计算和有限元模拟结果均较为准确。      

单壁碳纳米管/玻碳电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的研究

通过在裸玻碳电极表面修饰单壁碳纳米管,制备了单壁碳纳米管/玻碳电极(SWNTs/GC).用循环伏安法研究了邻苯二酚和对苯二酚2种异构体在该电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,该修饰电极对苯二酚的2种异构体表现出了优异的识别能力和电催化性能.对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的氧化峰电位差值为106 mV,这表示2种异构体可以在SWNTs/GC电极上完全分开.基于对苯二酚和邻苯二酚在SWNTs/GC电极上的电化学行为,建立了苯二酚2种异构体同时测定的方法.在最佳的实验条件下,邻苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-6～8.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-6mol·L-1.对苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在8.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.67×10-6mol·L-1.     

Observation of giant diffusivity along dislocation cores

Diffusion of atoms in a crystalline lattice is a thermally activated process that can be strongly accelerated by defects such as grain boundaries or dislocations. When carried by dislocations, this elemental mechanism is known as "pipe diffusion." Pipe diffusion has been used to explain abnormal diffusion, Cottrell atmospheres, and dislocation-precipitate interactions during creep, although this rests more on conjecture than on direct demonstration. The motion of dislocations between silicon nanoprecipitates in an aluminum thin film was recently observed and controlled via in situ transmission electron microscopy. We observed the pipe diffusion phenomenon and measured the diffusivity along a single dislocation line. It is found that dislocations accelerate the diffusion of impurities by almost three orders of magnitude as compared with bulk diffusion.     

Temperature-induced hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition observed by water adsorption

The properties of nanoconfined and interfacial water in the proximity of hydrophobic surfaces play a pivotal role in a variety of important phenomena such as protein folding. Water inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can provide an ideal system for investigating such nanoconfined interfacial water on hydrophobic surfaces, provided that the nanotubes can be opened without introducing excess defects. Here, we report a hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition upon cooling from 22 degrees C to 8 degrees C via the observation of water adsorption isotherms in SWNTs measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. A considerable slowdown in molecular reorientation of such adsorbed water was also detected. The observed transition demonstrates that the structure of interfacial water could depend sensitively on temperature, which could lead to intriguing temperature dependences involving interfacial water on hydrophobic surfaces.     

Long-lived giant number fluctuations in a swarming granular nematic

Coherently moving flocks of birds, beasts, or bacteria are examples of living matter with spontaneous orientational order. How do these systems differ from thermal equilibrium systems with such liquid crystalline order? Working with a fluidized monolayer of macroscopic rods in the nematic liquid crystalline phase, we find giant number fluctuations consistent with a standard deviation growing linearly with the mean, in contrast to any situation where the central limit theorem applies. These fluctuations are long-lived, decaying only as a logarithmic function of time. This shows that flocking, coherent motion, and large-scale inhomogeneity can appear in a system in which particles do not communicate except by contact.     

Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors

Chemical sensors based on individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are demonstrated. Upon exposure to gaseous molecules such as NO(2) or NH(3), the electrical resistance of a semiconducting SWNT is found to dramatically increase or decrease. This serves as the basis for nanotube molecular sensors. The nanotube sensors exhibit a fast response and a substantially higher sensitivity than that of existing solid-state sensors at room temperature. Sensor reversibility is achieved by slow recovery under ambient conditions or by heating to high temperatures. The interactions between molecular species and SWNTs and the mechanisms of molecular sensing with nanotube molecular wires are investigated.     

Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers

Well-aligned macroscopic fibers composed solely of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were produced by conventional spinning. Fuming sulfuric acid charges SWNTs and promotes their ordering into an aligned phase of individual mobile SWNTs surrounded by acid anions. This ordered dispersion was extruded via solution spinning into continuous lengths of macroscopic neat SWNT fibers. Such fibers possess interesting structural composition and physical properties.     

黑沙蒿单根变形特性研究

为探究轴向、径向荷载下植物根系对弹性变形的适应与抵抗特性,以水土流失地区常见植物种黑沙蒿根系为对象,采用TY8000伺服控制试验机,研究1～5 mm径级范围内黑沙蒿直根及含侧根分支处根段承受轴向、径向荷载下弹性模量与刚度的变化.结果表明:直根及含侧根分支处根段力-位移曲线(F-s曲线)承受轴向荷载时呈上凸形,承受径向荷...     

Chemistry. Beyond platonic molecules

Molecular motion is influenced by quantum mechanics, which thus affect molecular properties such as their reactivity and the ease with which they isomerize. In his Perspective, Bowman describes recent theoretical advances that allow accurate quantum mechanical calculation of molecular motions for ever larger systems.     

Parallel integration of vision modules

Computer algorithms have been developed for several early vision processes, such as edge detection, stereopsis, motion, texture, and color, that give separate cues to the distance from the viewer of three-dimensional surfaces, their shape, and their material properties. Not surprisingly, biological vision systems still greatly outperform computer vision programs. One of the keys to the reliability, flexibility, and robustness of biological vision systems is their ability to integrate several visual cues. A computational technique for integrating different visual cues has now been developed and implemented with encouraging results on a parallel supercomputer.     

Elastic behavior of cross-linked and bundled actin networks

Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.     

拱形屋面温室纵向抗风分析中的曲梁刚度矩阵模型

研究拱形温室纵向抗风分析中的屋面拱结构。考虑弯扭耦合的影响,在对其几何方程、平衡方程、物理方程分析的基础上,建立了曲梁扭转角和弯曲挠度的控制方程;求得了用基函数向量以及积分常数向量表达的曲梁扭转角和弯曲挠度的解析解;根据位移边界条件,得到了位移系数;根据曲梁内力方程,建立了以矩阵形式表达的刚度平衡方程;经矩阵变换得到了曲梁弯扭分析的刚度矩阵模型以及等效节点力向量。本模型基于梁的刚度平衡方程,采用了精确的解析解,以矩阵形式表达了梁节点位移与节点力之间的关系,利用该模型,可对拱形温室的纵向抗风性能进行分析。     

强化复合地板刚度预测

应用复合材料经典层合板理论,分析了强化复合地板刚度计算,并使用电阻应变片测得试件在受轴向拉伸或纯弯曲载荷时,其上、下表面的应变ε_x和ε_y,从而对柔度系数的实验值和预测值,正则化柔度系数与弹性常数进行了验证。结果表明,预测值与实验值相对误差较小,建立的强化复合地板刚度计算模型能较好地符合实际情况。图1表5参8