辽宁地区中熟、中晚熟玉米品种的优势性分析

2007-2008年,利用19个中熟、中晚熟品种和23个晚熟品种,在辽宁北部的昌图县、中部的辽阳市和西部的黑山县进行试验,对该地区中熟、中晚熟玉米品种的优势性进行研究。结果表明,中熟、中晚熟品种较晚熟品种具有以下优势：产量与晚熟品种相当或略高于晚熟品种,并有更大的增产潜力;对密度的适应能力更强,适宜的密度范围更大;较短的生育期使品种的适应区域更广,较大的播期弹性更有利于生产;植株生长量较小、经济系数较高,因而可更有效地利用资源,减少肥水投入;可达到充分成熟,利于果穗降水,商业品质和营养品质提高,利于机械化收获和粮食贮藏。     

晚熟玉米杂交种丹玉16的选育与推广

进入90年代以来，许多中晚熟玉米品种北移或越区种植。为充分利用我省的光能、晚熟玉米品种的选育将占有非常重要的位置．而丹玉16以其晚熟、增产潜力大，高产、稳产和多抗深受农民的欢迎．该品种的选育与推广实践为我省应用晚熟玉米品种提供了依据．     

辽宁省不同熟期玉米杂交种农艺性状与产量关系分析

从2008~2012年辽宁省玉米区域试验中,分别抽取晚熟组、中晚熟组、中熟组各一组玉米杂交种对主要农艺性状与产量数据进行分析。结果表明,中熟、中晚熟品种产量普遍高于晚熟品种;中熟、中晚熟品种的叶片数普遍低于晚熟品种;玉米产量与行粒数、生育期、穗长呈极显著正相关,与雄穗分枝、秃尖长显著负相关,与叶片数呈极显著负相关。生育期、行粒数、株高对产量直接作用达极显著正向作用,穗长对产量达显著正向作用;秃尖长、叶片数、穗位高对产量直接作用达极显著负向作用,雄穗分枝达显著负向作用。     

极端气候条件下辽宁省晚熟玉米品种的风险性评价

通过2009、2010年不同熟期玉米品种栽培试验和生产调查,对晚熟玉米品种在极端气候条件下的风险性进行对比研究。结果表明,晚熟品种受秋旱的影响更大,而熟期较短的品种可在一定程度上躲避"秋吊"。晚熟品种雌穗分化、散粉抽丝和灌浆期与阴雨季节重叠,长时间重度阴雨天易造成晚熟品种空秆和秃尖,而熟期较短的品种则较早地进入该发育阶段,躲避不利天气的影响。耐密植的中熟、中晚熟品种具有较强的耐荫性,因而保持良好的孕穗和结实能力。品种间的耐荫性差异警示为应对极端的气候条件,加强对品种耐阴性的选育,避免品种单一化或品种间遗传背景相近,从遗传角度积极地规避风险。适时早播可作为该地区抵御此类气象灾害的有效措施。     

晚熟玉米品种制种中提高芽率的几种办法

晚熟玉米品种由于在春播玉米种植区增产潜力大、产量高、经济效益好，很受农户欢迎。但是晚熟玉米杂交种制种难度大，如何提高芽率成为晚熟玉米杂交制种面临的问题。根据近几年的生产基地实践经验，针对这一问题提出以下几点具体办法。     

吉林省主栽晚熟及中晚熟玉米杂交种综合评价

对吉林省10个晚熟及中晚熟主栽玉米杂交种进行综合分析与评价。结果表明：所有品种达到国家一级玉米容重标准,商品品质优良。淀粉含量军单8最低,宏育29和农华101次之,这3个品种为淀粉普通型玉米;沈玉21达到国家高淀粉玉米二级,郑单958、先玉335、吉单50、银河32、银河33、先锋32D22为三级,这7个品种可作为高淀粉玉米品种进行推广种植。产量表现为郑单958〉吉单50〉先玉335〉宏育29〉农华101〉银河32〉银河33〉先锋32D22〉沈玉21〉军单8。指出了各品种种植中应该注意的事项,对农民选种有一定指导作用。     

辽宁省水稻中晚熟种植区域品种类型选择的初步分析

以辽宁省2007年中晚熟水稻区域试验参试品种为分析材料,分析了不同试验点产量水平、不同产量水平产量及产量结构的差异,不同试验点高产品种产量及产量结构差异。结果表明,选择适宜的高产品种对各生态区水稻产量有重要影响,在不同生态区水稻增产途径有一定的差异,辽阳、鞍山、海城、沈阳农大试区更适宜种植穗数、穗粒兼顾型高产品种,大石桥、辽宁省盐碱地所、西海试区更适宜种植穗数型高产品种,辽宁省稻作所试区更适宜种植穗重型高产品种。     

辽宁省不同熟期水稻品种株型特征比较研究

以参加2015年辽宁省水稻区域试验的早熟组、中熟组和中晚熟组品种(系)为材料,研究了不同熟期水稻品种的株型特征关系。结果表明,早熟品种主要是弯穗型、轻穗型,中熟品种多为直立穗型、重穗型品种,晚熟品种以半直立穗型、重穗型品种为主;不同熟期品种叶长差异不显著,叶宽表现为中晚熟品种中熟品种早熟品种,但叶基角正好相反;二次枝梗结实率表现为早熟品种中晚熟品种中熟品种,二次枝梗贡献率表现为中晚熟品种中熟品种早熟品种;穗型指数均以下部优势粒为主。     

晚熟玉米杂交种丹玉26号的选育及推广

丹玉 2 6号由辽宁省丹东农业科学院 1994年育成 ,组合丹 90 46×丹 5 98。该品种属晚熟单交种 ,出苗至成熟在辽宁省生育日数 134d。 1995年起先后参加了不同级别区域试验和生产试验 ,结果表明 :丹玉 2 6号比现应用品种增产 8%以上 ,并具有抗大、小斑病 ,抗尾孢菌、弯孢菌叶斑病 ,抗丝黑穗病 ,抗倒伏 ,适应性强 ,增产潜力大等特点。适宜吉林四平以南和东北、华北春玉米区种植 ,关内麦区套种亦可 ,一般 4月下旬且地温稳定在 10℃以上播种为宜。     

基于多元线性回归的辽宁省中熟玉米品种产量相关性分析

[目的]明确影响中熟玉米品种产量的主要因素,为辽宁省中熟玉米品种选育和生产提供参考.[方法]根据2019年参加辽宁省中熟玉米区域试验种植的9个玉米新品种相关的农艺性状数据,利用多元线性回归法对玉米新品种的主要性状进行相关性分析,揭示其变化规律,为玉米农艺性状的选择提供参考.[结果]辽宁省中熟玉米品种与产量密切相关的农艺...     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics

Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high M_r polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.