Non-linear finite element analysis based on the spatial catenary cables

According to the elastic catenary theory,this paper derives the spatial catenary cable element from the exact analytical expression,which is used for finite element analysis of the structure.It deduces the precise expression of two-node cable element tangent stiffness matrix and the tension of cable end.The equivalent node load of cable element is expressed by the total load algorithm,and the non-linear equation is solved by double Newdon-rapson method.The proposed non-linear semi-analytical finite element method based on spatial catenary cable element can take full account of the impact of non-linear geometry.The initial configuration and the internal forces on any directional spatial loads can be solved.The example shows that the calculation method is accurate and effective.     

A New Method to Measure Cable Force and Its Application in Cable Structures

In cable structures cables are very important components. The magnitude of cable pretensioning is a vital parameter in the design of cable structures and a crucial component in controlling the construction of such structures. Developing a new sensor type is an innovative theme in the monitoring and control of cable structures construction. Based on the elastic magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic material, we introduce a theory of an elastic magnetic method to measure cable force and developed a new flux sensor. Applying this method in the model test of an hyperbolic cable net demonstrates that it can acquire the accurate cable force value conveniently. This study can provide scientific references for structural engineering.     

Analysis of a steel tubular column filled with equidistant fiber reinforced polymer ring stiffening concrete

Based on theory of cylinders subjected to uniform internal pressure, the mechanical performance of a steel tubular column filled with equidistant fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) ring stiffening concrete is investigated. The solutions for the stress and displacement are regarded as the superposition of elementary and improved solutions. The elementary solutions are found by using two dimensional elastic theory. The improved solutions are found by using the Love displacement function method. Considering the conditions of the displacement continuum of the FRP ring and the steel tube exterior, a more accurate solution for an equidistantly FRP ring stiffened cylinder subjected to a uniform internal pressure is obtained. Several numerical calculations are also carried out. The results indicate the solutions possess good convergence.     

Analysis on Dynamic Properties of Monolayer Cable Net for Point -supported Glass Facade

Monolayer cable net system for point - supported glass facade is a kind of flexible tension structures with relatively strong nonlinearity. Its stiffness greatly depends on the pretension in cables. Yet there are few literatures at present reported on its dynamic properties. The characteristic of modal analysis for flexible pre - stressed structures such as cable structures is expatiated herein. Corresponding program was developed to analyze two important factors such as pretension and geometric nonlinearity for dynamic behaviors of cable net herein. It is demonstrated that large errors are brought about by omitting nonlinearity. There exists apparent nonlinear relationship between vibration frequency and pretension in cables. The influence of pretension and geometric nonlinearity on the dynamic properties of cable net is in coordination with each other.     

Complex Variable Function Solution of Stress and Displacement of Surrounding Rock Buried Deep Horseshoe-Shaped Tunnel Excavation

An analytical solution was presented for the stresses and displacements around horseshoe-shaped tunnel using Cauchy integral method and Optimization theory in an elastic half-plane. Since the depth of a tunnel was larger than the size of the tunnel, gravity loads were simplified as uniform normal loads along far-field boundary. Finite element model was used to verify the accuracy of analytical solutions. Comparison between the results of numerical analysis by finite element method and those from the closed solutions indicates that the closed solution is reliable and applicable for the stress and displacement field around horseshoe-shaped tunnel tunnels at great depth.     

Analysis of ultimate load and mechanismsof failure in large cast steel joints

Based on a project of pipe truss roof framing in Chengdu, the ultimate limit state analysis is performed on cast steel joints by using FEM, in which Linear hardening elastic-plastic constitutive model is considered. The results show that, the joint has a great accumulation of plastic strain in ultimate loads, and the point of maximum stress is different from that in elastic with the development of the yielding zone. The paper propoes to use rate-type tensor for the large strain geometric nonlinear problem, shows the criterion of failure formation , and indicates that its essential to apply limit state analysis to the determination of the weakest location on cast steel joint design, which provides basis for understanding the failure modes and failure mechanism of cast steel joint and the cast steel joint design.     

Stress-Strain Relationship of Circular Concrete Columns Confined with Lateral Pre-tensioned FRP

The active confinement for the core concrete can be provided by lateral pre-tensioned FRP, the stress hysteresis of FRP can be avoided, and good confinement effect for concrete columns can be got. It must cause large error if adopt the calculated model and constitute model of concrete columns confined with non-pretentioned FRP. The initial confined stress and effective confined stress associated with the lateral pre-stress were introduced. According to the test results and finite element simulation, the calculated model on peak stress, peak strain, ultimate stress and ultimate strain of circular concrete columns confined with lateral pre-tensioned FRP were proposed, and the initial elastic modulus of circular concrete columns confined with lateral pre-tensioned FRP was analyzed. Based the exiting stress-strain models of circular concrete columns confined with FRP, the three linear stress-strain model of circular concrete columns confined with lateral pre-tensioned FRP was recommended, and good agreement between theoretical and test results is achieved.     

联合板索基础抗拔机理及容许上拔力

针对目前使用的既抗压又抗拔基础存在的缺陷和不足,构建了联合板索基础并获得了发明专利授权。在研究联合板索基础与扩底桩基础的抗拔机理基础上,研究了联合板索基础与扩底桩基础所能承受的极限上拔力,通过联合板索基础与扩底桩基础的对比研究,揭示了联合板索基础的抗拔机理,并借助扩底桩基础的上拔力容许设计值和稳定验算公式,解决了联合板索基础设计和稳定验算问题。     

Static Load Test and Calculation on Multi-tower Cable-Stayed Bridge with Tie-down Cables

The static load test and the finite element analysis of the multi-tower cable-stayed bridge with tie-down cables are carried out. The test and analysis model of the bridge is created by referencing to the actual structure of a Changjiang River bridge. The static mechanical behaviors of such bridge with tie-down cables and the normal multi-tower cable-stayed bridge are comparatively analyzed by the static load test and the finite element analysis. It is shown that the structural system of the cable-stayed bridge with tie-down cables can effectively improve the structural rigidity and reduce the bending moment of the main beams, pylons and piers. According to the results, the best scheme about the location and number of tie-down cables is proposed.     

Mechanical Model of Steel Plate Composite Shear Walls

Based on concepts of mechanics, a mechanical model of novel type of steel plate composite shear wall is presented. The novel type of structure is formed by steel plate shear wall and T-shaped solid-web composite columns. Flexural stiffness of steel beams, lateral stiffness of the T-shaped solid-web composite columns, shear stiffness of steel plate composite shear wall and shear stiffness of beam-column connection are taken into account in the mechanical model. And the equivalent damping between steel plate and boundary is considered. Based on the deformation features of structures and the calculation hypothesis, the lateral stiffness model and the energy dissipation model of structures are developed. Meanwhile, the calculation equations of elastic ultimate and plastic ultimate of shear strength of structures are set up. The theoretical analysis results inosculate better with the results of experiment. The comparison between the result calculated from the formula and the experimental result shows that the calculation precision is high enough to meet the demand of theoretical analysis. The difference, including equivalent model, stress states, manufacturing defect and installation error, between the formula and the experiment has been further discussed.     

Dynamic Analysis of Steel Plate Truss Composite Girder on Long Span Two layer Cable stayed Bridge

Based on the refined three dimensional modeling method, a coupled vibration FEA(finite element analysis) model was established for light railway train and long span two layer cable stayed bridge with the consideration of the material and geometry nonlinearity and over 2.2 million of element and nodes.To overcome the computing difficulty for large number of element, the solution was carried out with the Dawning 4000A supercomputer in Shanghai Supercomputer Center based on Contact Balance Bisection Algorithm for parallel computing.Through the simulation of one way and two way conditions, the key component's stress of cable stayed bridge girders and dynamic response of middle span section was respectively analyzed.     

Nonlinear Response and the Dynamic Stability of Viscoelastic Cable

Based on one dimensional constitutive equations of Revlon materials and the motion equations of the cable, the partial differential equations of the viscoelastic cable in inner and outer of plan under the gravity are investigated. Using Galerkin's method, a system of nonlinear ordinary equations is obtained. The analysis methods of the dynamic stability of viscoelastic cable are given. Finally, the effect of dynamic response of the cable, which is produced by elastic and viscoelastic parameters, is testified by the research of digital simulation.     

Determination Method on Diameter of Cables in Mega Steel Frame and Composite Brace Structure

How to determine the diameter of cables is one of key problems in mega steel frame and pre-stressed composite brace structure. Firstly, through analysis of work mechanism of composite brace under horizontal load, the deciding factor of diameter value was found, and furthermore its rule was proposed. Finally, the determination equations were acquired through theoretic deduction and were proved with numerical example. The results indicate that the unbalance in composite brace resulted from antisymmetric load can be eliminated only by antisymmetric way. Thus the diameter value is decided only by antisymmetric horizontal load, and its rule is to keep the balance of composite brace under horizontal load. The influencing factor iterative leveling method can consider the influence from upper and lower floor, and is relatively accurate and feasible.     

Galerkin Approximate Solutions of Displacement Including the Effect of Dead Loads for Two Kinds of Rectangular Plates

Based on the strain energy considering the effect of dead loads, the general form static equilibrium differential equations were formulated by means of the potential energy principle. The approximate solutions of live load or later load displacement including the effect of dead loads for the clamped rectangular plate and the simply supported rectangular plate were generated by the Galerkin method. These formulas are simple and clear, and their physical concepts are explicit. The correctness of these formulas was verified by the finite element method. The dead loads and other factors that influence the effect of dead loads are shown by these formulas. The effect of dead loads on the two different boundary condition rectangular plate were analyzed by these approximate solutions. The effect of dead loads improves the bending stiffness of plate and minimizes the displacement of live loads or later loads. The key physical factors governing the effects of dead loads on plates are the dead load, the ration of span to thickness and boundary condition etc. This effect of dead loads is not negligible, especial in thinner plates or plates with smaller stiffness, more attention should be paid to the effect of dead load in the calculation and analysis for plates.     

Deformation Capacity of FRP Confined Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns under Simulated Seismic Loading

The accurate calculation of the deformation capacity of structures is very important to performance-based seismic design, which satisfies the explicit deformation demands. The method to evaluate drift capacity of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confined reinforced concrete circular columns under simulated seismic loading is focused. Firstly, the moment-curvature relationship of FRP confined sections of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns is simulated by numerical analysis. It is found that the calculated ultimate curvature is significantly less than the test result, and the difference is controlled by the axial load ratio of the tested columns. According to the numerical and the test results, an equation is proposed to modify the calculated ultimate curvature. Based on this, the drift capacity can be predicted with the equivalent plastic hinge method. The calculated result agrees well with the test result when FRP amount is low, but it is significantly larger when FRP amount increases. Finally, the main parameters exerting influences on the drift capacity of the FRP-confined RC circular column are analyzed.     

内置FRP约束混凝土的方钢管混凝土轴压承载力

钢管混凝土FRP混凝土（SCFC）组合柱是新近提出的一种新型组合柱形式。提出考虑外钢管与FRP的双重约束效果,采用双剪统一理论分析了SCFC组合柱外钢管、外层混凝土、FRP管以及内层混凝土的应力状态,根据静力平衡条件得到了SCFC组合柱的轴压承载力计算公式,其与试验结果能够较好吻合。分析了含钢率、FRP与钢的相对配置率、FRP径厚比以及FRP管直径对轴压承载力提高系数的影响,结果表明：随着含钢率的增加、FRP与钢的相对配置率的提高以及FRP径厚比的减小,SCFC组合柱轴压承载力提高系数都有一定程度提高;内FRP管直径与外钢管边长之比在0.65~0.75之间时,轴压承载力增益效果较好。     

A Calculation Method of Hawser Forces in Loading and Unloading States

In this paper,several calculation methods for hawser cables as the crane stability system in loading and unloading forces is put out by coordinating principle of deformed body.It is convenient for adjustment of crane in unloading state to benifit accurance of the equipment installation and safrty of device during hoisting.It is also a more accurate and practical method for choice of the cable.     

Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Steel Strength on Beam-to-column Composite Connections

Because high material strength and composite load-bearing are emphasized in constructing members for high-rise steel frame structures, in a composite connection, steel strength has a dramatic influence on both the bearing performance and the composite action of the concrete slab. Based on a finite element analysis, we discuss the composite effect and the connection breaking mode, focusing on the performance change of the composite effect in adopting high strength steel. It can be found from the results that, along with the improvement of the steel strength, the elastic and plastic ultimate strength of the composite connection will increase, the ductility will decrease to a certain extent, and the composite effect of the concrete slab will diminish. The collapse of the concrete in a positive moment side contacting the column flange is viewed as the limiting state of the connection.     

表层嵌贴预应力CFRP板条加固钢筋混凝土梁的应力传递行为

表层嵌贴预应力FRP板条加固钢筋混凝土结构技术可充分发挥FRP材料强度,且不需设置永久锚具,具有较大的潜力。以试验得到的嵌贴FRP混凝土粘结滑移关系为基础,建立了嵌贴预应力CFRP板条与混凝土的粘结应力微分方程,并根据边界条件推导了方程的解析解,得到了嵌贴预应力CFRP板条放张后界面粘结应力、CFRP拉伸应力的分析模型。与试验结果的比较表明,该模型得出的界面粘结应力及CFRP拉伸应力与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,考虑放张后CFRP混凝土界面不出现剥离的条件,分析了粘结界面能抵抗的最大容许预应力。     

Method of Cable Tension Controlling in the Long span Cable stayed Bridge Construction

In allusion to the cable tension controlling problem in the parallel strand stayed cable construction, on the basis of construction techniques of applying tension loads one by one, the mechanical model of the cable girder tower in the process of construction was established. With the equal cable tension as a goal, the formula was deduced with the method of forward analysis, which could be used to calculate the initial tension of each strand in construction. The effect of temperature variations on the initial tension could be eliminated by using the formula with the method of equivalent tension. Moreover, a method was proposed to measure the cable tension in the processes of construction and performing the function. Finally, the practice in one cable stayed bridge in the north indicated that 1) the uniform cable tension could be obtained by the proposed method; 2) the tension error range of whether a single strand or the whole stayed cable was within 5%, and the result could meet the needs in construction control; 3) the method could provide reference for the similar stayed cable construction.