Coupled Fixed Point Theorems for Set-valued Nonexpansive Mappings

In strictly convex Banach spaces, by Set valued mappings being monodromied via the optimal approximation for weakly compact convex set and using contraction mapping sequence to approximate nonexpanding mapping.The author has obtained theorems of coupled fixed point for set valued nonexpansive mappings.     

The effect of municipal solid waste compost on the fertility of clay souls

According to laboratory results obtained previously, organic materials are efficient soil conditioners if the soil is maintained aerobic following application. Surface applied municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) was found to be more efficient in improving soil structure than MSWC plowed down into the soil.Though applied superficially, a significant fraction of the organic matter was leached down the soil profile with the rain water. The leached organic fraction had an effect on increasing water retention and decreasing cone penetration resistance. In a series of three experiments a consistent increase in yield was found. In the manured plots the yields were 10–20% higher than in the fertilized control plots. The optimal application rate of MSWC is determined by the positive effect of the improvement in soil structure on the one hand and the growth limiting induction of oxygen limitation in the soil on the other. The optimal range was found to be between 20 and 100 m³ MSWC ha⁻¹.     

深锥浓密机底流浓度预测与外部结构参数优化

针对困扰支持向量机(SVM)模型参数选择问题,结合遗传算法(GA),建立了深锥浓密机底流放砂浓度的GA-SVM预测模型,研究了不同结构参数状态下底流浓度的变化规律,进行了深锥浓密机的外部结构参数优化选择。以司家营铁矿为例,在最优底流放砂浓度为72%的条件下,经外部结构参数优化后的深锥浓密机锥高10 m、锥角为30°,系统稳定可靠、底流连续均匀,动力荷载较同类矿山降低约15%,压耙停机故障降低80%。     

Descending Dimension Algorithm for Convex Nonlinear Programming Problem with Equality Constraints

This paper deals with the nonlinear system of equations algorithm for convex nonlinear programming problems with equality constraints.We use the optimatily conditions for programming problem with equality constraints and then estabish a nonlinear system of equations.Finally we solve these to get optimal solution of nonlinear programming problems.     

Positive Fixed Points for Upper Semicontinuous Set-valued 1-set-contractive Mapping

Using topological degree for upper semicontinuous set-valued 1-set-contractive mapping and the fixed point theorems for upper semicontinuous set-valued 1-set-contractive mapping, the boundary conditions of existing positive fixed points is studied for upper semicontinuous set-valued 1-set-contractive mapping. In fact, it is a natural conclusion in the cone for the fixed point theorems of upper semicontinuous set-valued 1-set-contractive mapping, and it is a natural extend for positive fixed point theorems of single-valued 1-set-contractive mapping.     

Review of doubled haploid production in durum and common wheat through wheat × maize hybridization

Production of doubled haploids (DHs) is an important methodology to speed the process of breeding and development of mapping populations in crops. The procedure for DH production includes two major steps: haploid induction and chromosome doubling. In recent years, wide hybridization between wheat and maize has become a main approach for haploid production in wheat. In this method, the maize chromosomes are completely eliminated during the early development of the hybrid seeds after wheat spikes were pollinated with maize pollen. Numerous wheat cultivars and mapping populations have been developed using wheat–maize hybridization. In this study, we review the procedures of DH production of durum and common wheat via wide hybridization with maize, the factors which affect the efficiency of DH production, and the mechanism of selective elimination of the maize genome during the early development of the hybrid embryos. We also report a highly efficient protocol for DH production in durum and common wheat, which was established based on the optimal conditions for each of the factors that affect the efficiency of DH production.     

数量性状基因定位研究中若干常见问题的分析与解答

QTL作图是基因精细定位、克隆以及有效开展分子育种的基础,在利用QTL作图开展数量性状基因定位研究的过程中经常会碰到一些问题,与统计方法有关的一些问题包括LOD的统计学意义是什么？检测QTL的可信度和LOD临界值的关系是什么？如何评价不同的QTL作图方法？提高QTL检测效率的途径有哪些？与遗传参数估计有关的一些问题包括QTL的贡献率是如何计算出来的？如何确定QTL有利等位基因的来源？选择基因型分析的有效性如何？复合性状是否适宜于QTL作图？与作图群体及遗传图谱有关的一些问题包括QTL作图群体中表型数据是否要求服从正态分布？加密标记是否可以显著提高QTL检测功效？缺失分子标记对QTL作图有什么影响？奇异分离标记对QTL作图有什么影响？文章试图结合笔者多年研究工作对这12个有共性的常见问题做出分析和解答,以供科研工作者参考。     

Generalized Convex Properties of Set_Valued Mapping andTheir Applications in Multiobjective Optimization

The relationship between tangent derivative and generalized corvex of set_valued mapping is dealt with in this paper.Then these properties and concepts are applied to optimization problems.Generalized convex properties of perturbation mapping is proved under certain conditims.     

不同生产时期小麦品种有效利用土壤潜在磷特性的鉴定

以液培、土培盆栽法结合大田试验对我国不同时代陕西关中地区的小麦品种进行了有效利用土壤潜在磷特性的鉴定。结果表明：小麦有效利用土壤潜在磷的特性不是随品种的更替而呈递增或递减趋势,新、老品种中均有高效利用土壤潜在磷的基因型;含有异源基因的小麦品种对土壤潜在磷的利用能力较强;土培盆栽法是一个较能代表大田试     

Genetic diversity and path analysis for nitrogen use efficiency in popcorn inbred lines

Popcorn inbred lines with more efficient nitrogen use are better able to uptake nitrogen from the soil and convert it into higher grain yield, resulting in lower environmental and economic impacts caused by nitrogen fertilization. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify inbred lines superior in nitrogen use (ii) assess the genetic diversity between popcorn inbred lines under high and low N conditions and (iii) investigate the causal effects of several traits in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We evaluated 25 popcorn inbred lines under high and low N, and several traits related to NUE and its components were measured. Efficient and inefficient inbred lines under both N levels were identified and can be useful for generating a segregating population for quantitative trait loci mapping. The genetic diversity assessment based on phenotypic traits grouped the inbred lines into four clusters under both N levels, and the efficient inbred lines were grouped together, as were the inefficient lines. The most divergent inbred lines under high N were classified as efficient and intermediate and can be useful to generate a divergent breeding population with a high frequency of favorable genes for NUE. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) was considered the most important trait for NUE. To improve the accuracy of selection for NUE, a selection index involving the total root length (TRL), daily growth and NUpE traits under both N levels is recommended, as these traits had high correlations with and direct effects on NUE.     

非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因的克隆与表达

为获得非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白,以用于制备AHS血清学诊断试剂并为AHS新型疫苗的构建奠定基础,笔者采用原核表达系统表达VP7蛋白。在GeneBank中查找非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因序列,人工合成VP7基因,将VP7基因片段克隆插入pBAD/Thio-TOPO表达载体,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌TOP10。经测序鉴定,筛选获得VP7基因正向插入、有正确读码框的阳性克隆,经L-Arabinose诱导表达VP7融合蛋白抗原。SDS-PAGE分析表明以终浓度为0.2%的L-阿拉伯糖进行诱导,4h后表达可达到高峰,融合蛋白质量约54.72 kDa。Western blotting检测和间接ELISA表明诱导表达的融合蛋白能与非洲马瘟病毒VP7单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明蛋白有特异的免疫学活性。     

基于SNP遗传图谱定位盐、旱胁迫下甘蓝型油菜种子发芽率的QTL

研究盐胁迫、干旱胁迫下甘蓝型油菜的发芽率,寻找与发芽率相关联的分子标记,可为油菜逆境胁迫下种子萌发的分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。本研究以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH06和甘蓝型黑籽油菜P174为亲本,通过单粒传法(single seed descent, SSD)连续自交9代构建重组自交系群体。采用16 g L^–1的NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,20% (W/W)的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,处理重组自交系种子并统计其发芽率。实验室构建的SNP遗传图谱,包含2795个SNP多态性标记位点,总长1832.9 cM,相邻标记间平均距离为0.66 cM,利用该图谱并采用复合区间作图法(CIM)分析两种胁迫条件下第3天、第4天及累计4 d后发芽率的QTL。共检测到19个QTL,分布于A01、A03、A06、A07、A09和C06染色体上。其中,11个盐胁迫相关的QTL可解释的变异为4.9%~10.9%,8个干旱胁迫相关的QTL可解释的变异为3.8%~6.9%;并且在A03和A09染色体上,盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下检测到的QTL有相近区段。研究结果表明油菜种子发芽率属于典型的数量性状,受环境影响较大;且随着胁迫时间的延长,油菜种子启动了不同的基因来响应环境胁迫。     

Genetic control of yield and yield components in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under nitrogen limitation

Despite its high nitrogen absorption capacity, oilseed rape (OSR) has a low apparent nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which makes its production highly dependent on nitrogen fertilization. Improving NUE in OSR is therefore a main target in breeding. The objectives of the present work were to determine the genomic regions (QTLs) associated with yield and to assess their stability under contrasted nitrogen nutrition regimes. One mapping population, AM, was tested in a French location for three growing seasons (2011, 2012 and 2013), under two nitrogen conditions (optimal and low). Eight yield-related traits were scored and nitrogen-responsive traits were calculated. A total of 104 QTLs were detected of which 28 controlled flowering time and 76 were related to yield and yield components. Very few genotype × nitrogen interactions were detected and the QTLs were highly stable between the nitrogen conditions. In contrast, only a few QTLs were stable across the years of the trial, suggesting a strong QTL × year interaction. Finally, eleven critical genomic regions that were stable across nitrogen conditions and/or trial years were identified. One particular region located on the A5 linkage group appears to be a promising candidate for marker assisted selection programs. The different strategies for OSR breeding using the QTLs found in the present study are discussed.     

乳酸菌发酵尖椒 生姜蜜汁饮料的开发研究

以尖椒、生姜为主要原料,经乳酸菌发酵后与蜂蜜等调配成为功能性饮料。通过单因素及正交试验确定尖椒汁(质量分数80.0%)的最佳发酵条件为:接种量2.3%,白砂糖添加量3.0%,食盐添加量1.5%,发酵温度25℃,发酵周期8 d。生姜汁(质量分数80.0%)的最佳发酵条件为:接种量2.0%,白砂糖添加量4.0%,食盐添加量0.8%,发酵温度30℃,发酵周期12 d。乳酸菌发酵尖椒、生姜蜜汁饮料产品的最佳配方为:尖椒发酵液9.0 g,生姜发酵液8.0 g,蜂蜜5.0 g,白砂糖3.0 g,柠檬酸0.08 g,稳定剂(海藻酸钠与CMC-Na质量比为1∶1)添加量0.15%。     

Research on Mathematic Model of Rheological Parameter of Carbonates-Slag Grouting Material

The mathematic model using the Marsh cone flow time of subsection to mark the rheological property of alkali activated carbonates-slag grouting pastes was studied,and the corresponding relation between the test results of the Marsh cone flow time of subsection and those of the rheometer was discussed by simple computing of model.The results show that the mathematic model of rheological parameter from the Marsh cone flow time of subsection and that from the test results of the rheometer is y=ax+b.     

氯化钙和木瓜蛋白酶对鸭肉嫩度影响的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,评估了优化木瓜蛋白酶和氯化钙(CaCl2)对鸭肉嫩度的影响。结果表明,最佳嫩化条件为:CaCl2浓度为100 mmol/L,木瓜蛋白酶质量分数为0.2%,成熟时间为20 min。     

水稻向地性突变体的鉴定与遗传和定位分析

从水稻籼稻品种E优428的诱变M1代群体中获得向地性突变体la(t),该突变体在苗期倒伏生长,成熟期呈匍匐型生长,其它性状未发现异常。初步的生理研究表明该突变体不受外源激素(2,4-D,赤酶素)和光照的影响,并失去了感受重力的能力。遗传分析表明,该突变属单基因隐性突变,将该基因暂定名为la(t)。利用该突变体与籼稻品种D62B杂交,构建了F2代分离群体,用微卫星标记分析,将该基因定位于水稻第11染色体上的微卫星标记Lu2和Lu18之间,与目的基因分别相距1.0和1.7 cM。通过电子杂交的方法将该基因所在区域的遗传图谱整合到国际水稻基因组计划的水稻第11染色体物理图谱中,其la(t)基因两端毗连的Lu2和Lu18 SSR标记之间的物理距离约为140~200 kb。为用图位克隆法分离此目的基因和研究水稻向地性生长的分子机理奠定基础。     

黄瓜作图亲本间分子标记的多态性分析

利用AFLP,SRAP和SSR3种不同类型的分子标记技术,研究了作图亲本F-3与HZL04-1间的多态性。结果表明,这3种标记技术多态性检测效率不同,其中,AFLP揭示作图亲本间多态性效率最高,SRAP次之,SSR多态性检测效率最低。选择高效揭示多态性的分子标记技术是提高黄瓜遗传图谱构建效率的关键。分析探讨了几种分子标记技术的优缺点,认为应用AFLP,SRAP构建黄瓜遗传图谱为最佳,SSR可以作为补充的标记。     

Fine mapping of a major flowering time QTL on soybean chromosome 6 combining linkage and association analysis

Flowering time is a key trait in the plant life cycle and an important selection criterion for soybean. Here, we combine the advantages of genome-wide association and linkage mapping to identify and fine map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flowering time. Linkage mapping was performed using 152 recombinant inbred lines and a major QTL, qFT6, affecting flowering time was found on chromosome 6. To refine the qFT6, the 192 natural accessions were genotyped using eight new simple sequence repeats and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms markers covering the qFT6 region Haplotype analysis showed that the haplotype between markers BARC-014947-01929 and Satt365 could explain more phenotypic variation (26.5 %) than any other combination of markers. These results suggested that the target flowering time gene was located in ~300 kb between BARC-014947-01929 and Satt365, including three predicted genes. High-resolution map in qFT6 region will be useful not only for marker-assisted selection of flowering time but also for further positional cloning of the target gene. These results indicate that combining association and linkage mapping provides an efficient approach for fine mapping of soybean genes.     

不同统计遗传模型QTL定位方法应用效果的模拟比较

分子遗传和数量遗传的结合,发展了QTL定位研究。随着定位方法与软件的建立和完善,QTL定位的研究越来越多。准确定位的QTL可用于分子标记辅助选择和图位克隆,而假阳性QTL将误导定位信息的应用。本文分析了迄今主要定位方法(软件)对于各种遗传模型数据的适用性。应用计算机模拟4类遗传模型不同的重组自交系群体(RIL),第一类只包含加性QTL;第二类包含加性和上位性互作QTL;第三类包含加性QTL和QTL与环境互作效应;第四类包含加性、上位性互作QTL和QTL与环境互作效应。每类按模拟QTL个数不同设两种情况,共分为8种数据模型(下称M-1～M-8)。选用WinQTLCart 2.5的复合区间作图(下称CIM)、多区间作图前进搜索(MIMF)、多区间作图回归前进选择(MIMR)、IciMapping 2.0的完备复合区间作图(ICIM)、MapQTL 5.0的多QTL模型(MQM)以及QTLnetwork 2.0的区间作图(MCIM)6种程序对8种不同遗传模型的RIL进行QTL检测。结果表明,不同程序适用的遗传模型范围不同。CIM和MQM只适于检测第一类模型;MIMR、MIMF和ICIM只适于检测第一类和第二类模型;只有MCIM适于检测所有4类遗传模型;因而不同遗传模型数据的最适合检测程序不同。由于未知实际数据的遗传模型,应采用在复杂模型程序,如QTLnetwork 2.0,扫描基础上的多模型QTL定位策略,对所获模型用相应模型软件进行验证。