二甲苯胺噻唑对绵羊肌电图影响的研究

以日产３６２型多道生理仪为主要手段，研究了静松灵对绵羊的肌肉系统的作用。实验结果表明，静松灵对肌肉产生良好的肌松作用，肌电图表现为肌电活动明显减少和振幅度降低等，肌松作用大约持续１小时。     

二甲苯胺噻唑对绵羊心电图影响的研究

研究了静松灵对绵羊的心脏传导系统的作用，实验结果表明，静松灵对心脏系统产生较生时间的抑制作用，心电图表现为第１，１１度房室传导阻滞、窦性心动徐缓、窦性心律不齐和抑制心室的复极过程等，而对心室内的传导却无明显的影响，静松灵对心脏的抑制作用从给药后５分钟，持续几个小时。     

二甲苯胺噻唑在绵羊脑脊液中的药物动力学研究

以内标气相色谱法为定量手段，研究二甲苯胺噻唑在绵羊脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中的药动力学。实验结果表明，绵羊肌注二甲苯胺噻唑（２．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）后，ＣＳＦ药物经时特征主要符合一级吸收单室开放模型，部分符合一级吸收双室开放模型，其主要药动学参数：吸收半衰期为３．８６８±１．４５２ｍｉｎ，消除半衰期为１４０．３３８±１１０．０３８ｍｉｎ，ＣＳＦ药浓度达峰时间为１７．６３７±５．８５０ｍｉｎ，ＣＳＦ药峰浓度为０．     

二甲苯胺噻唑对犬麻醉效果的观察研究

将２５条健康成年犬，不分品种、性别、毛色，随机分成５组，每组５条。麻醉前，先检测各项生理指标和痛阈值，然后每组犬分别按不同剂量肌肉注射２％二甲苯噻唑，给药后间隔不同时间观测麻醉效果，结果表明：所有用药犬均出现镇静、镇痛、肌松的现象，随药量的增大，麻醉效果加深，苏醒时间延长，但未出现死亡或其他意外事故。     

药动/药效同步模型在兽用抗菌药物研究的应用概况

药动/药效同步模型是将药动学和药效学结合,用于研究药理效应随时间变化规律的一种模型。药动/药效同步模型在药理学和毒理学研究、临床应用及新药评价等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。随着抗菌药物的发展,耐药性问题日益成为全球关注的焦点。将药动/药效同步模型引入兽药研究中,不仅能够优化给药方案,避免细菌耐药性的产生,也能够为新药的开发提供研究基础。论文对兽用抗菌药物的分类、药动/药效同步模型的研究方法及其在国内外兽药研究中的应用现状进行综述,以期为药动/药效同步模型的兽医临床应用提供参考。     

二甲苯胺噻唑在绵羊血液中的药物动力学研究

给绵羊肌注二甲苯胺噻唑（２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用内标气相色谱法测出其不同时间的血药浓度，药动学分析结果表明，血药经时特征主要符合一级吸收单室开放模型，部分符合一级吸收双室开放模型．其主要药动学参数：吸收半衰期为９．２８２±２．５７９ｍｉｎ，消除半衰期为８１．０６９±３０．６３１ｍｉｎ，达峰时间为２９．１２０±５．７７１ｍｉｎ，峰浓度为０．２７０５±０．１３０９μｇ／ｍｌ，药时曲线下面积为３０．５３２±１１．５００８μｇ／ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ．     

抗菌药物药动、药效同步信息在兽医临床上应用的研究进展

总结了抗菌药物药动药效同步信息的研究方法，并回顾了各类抗菌药物药动-药效同步信息在兽医临床上应用的研究概况及存在问题，认为使用药动-药效联合研究的方法，确定畜禽抗菌药物最佳给药方案将成为临床兽药研究的新方向。     

药动药效同步模型在兽药领域应用的研究进展

兽用药物在预防以及治疗动物疾病中有着非常重要的作用,对动物健康生长起到了重要的保障作用.但随着兽药的广泛使用,临床分离菌株对于兽药的耐药性问题逐渐显现出来.这就给动物疾病的预防以及治疗带来了极大困难.如何合理地使用兽药并减少耐药性问题的出现成为了亟待解决的问题.随着研究的逐渐加深,药动药效同步模型又称为PK/PD模型,...     

恩诺沙星在猪血清和组织液中对大肠杆菌的半体内药动-药效同步模型的研究

为合理应用恩诺沙星治疗猪大肠杆菌感染.本研究采用了体内药动和体外药效联合的方法,研究了恩诺沙星在血清和组织笼液中抗大肠杆菌的活性.体外测定结果显示,恩诺沙星在血清和组织笼液中对猪大肠杆菌的MIC均为0.4 μg·mL-1.如果在血清和组织液中添加更多的细菌,则需要高于MIC药物浓度才能持续抑制细菌的生长.猪按5 mg·kg-1的剂量肌内注射恩诺沙星后,血清中半效浓度(EC50)为77.67±31.12,即恩诺沙星血清药物浓度为1.29μg·mL-1时可产生50%最大效应;组织液中恩诺沙星的半效浓度(EC50)为15.78±4.99,即组织液药物浓度为0.26μg·mL-1时可产生50%最大效应.结果提示,临床应用恩诺沙星治疗大肠杆菌感染时,应适当提高给药的剂量,不应仅以高于MIC作为制定给药间隔的标准.     

PK-PD integration and modeling of marbofloxacin in sheep

The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug, marbofloxacin, was administered intravenously (IV) and intramuscularly (IM) to sheep at a dose rate of 2 mg kg⁻¹ in a 2-period cross-over study. Using a tissue cage model of inflammation, the pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin were established for serum, inflamed tissue cage fluid (exudate) and non-inflamed tissue cage fluid (transudate). For serum, after IV dosing, mean values for pharmacokinetic parameters were: clearance 0.48 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹; elimination half-life 3.96 h and volumes of distribution 2.77 and 1.96 L kg⁻¹, respectively, for V_darea and V_ss. After IM dosing mean values for pharmacokinetic variables were: absorption half-time 0.112 h, time of maximum concentration 0.57 h, terminal half-life (T½el) 3.65 h and bioavailability 106%. For exudate, mean T½el values were 12.38 and 13.25 h, respectively, after IV and IM dosing and for transudate means were 13.39 h (IV) and 12.55 h (IM).The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and ex vivo time-kill curves for marbofloxacin in serum, exudate and transudate were established against a pathogenic strain of Mannheimia haemolytica. Integration of in vivo pharmacokinetic data with MIC determined in vitro provided mean values of area under curve (AUC)/MIC ratio for serum, exudate and transudate of 120.2, 156.0 and 156.6 h after IV dosing and 135.5, 165.3 and 146.2 h after IM dosing, respectively. After IM administration maximum concentration (C_max)/MIC ratios were 21.1, 6.76 and 5.91, respectively, for serum, exudate and transudate. The ex vivo growth inhibition data after IM administration were fitted to the sigmoid E_max (Hill) equation to provide values for serum of AUC_24 h/MIC producing, bactericidal activity (22.51 h) and virtual eradication of bacteria (35.31 h). It is proposed that these findings might be used with MIC₅₀ or MIC₉₀ data to provide a rational approach to the design of dosage schedules which optimise efficacy in respect of bacteriological as well as clinical cures.     

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Shimao Zheng (Fleece-eating) in Sheep and Goats

Research on the disease called shimao zheng, which had resulted in widespread fleece-eating and shedding by sheep and goats in the Haizi area of Akesa County of Gansu Province of China, was carried out by both laboratory studies and pathological observations. There was a marked deficiency of sulfur in the wool and tissues of the affected animals. The pathological changes were mainly loss of fleece, exposure of the skin, keratinization of the epidermal cells, narrowing and reduced numbers of the fleece follicles, and fewer sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Histologically, there was atrophy of the striated and cardiac muscles and of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney, together with a glomerulonephritis. The disease was considered to be a local nutritional and metabolic disorder, probably mainly caused by sulfur deficiency.     

Vc-獭兔、日本大耳白兔与新西兰白兔血液蛋白多态性研究

为给加速 Vc-獭兔育种提供理论依据 ,利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对 Vc- 系、 系獭兔、日本大耳白兔和新西兰白兔血液中的红细胞酯酶 (Es-1、Es-2和 Es-3 )、血清前转铁蛋白 (Prt)、后白蛋白 (Po)等 5个蛋白位点的多态性进行了测定 ,结果表明 :在 4个群体中 ,Es-1、Es-2、Es-3和 Po各有 3种表型 ,分别受 2个共显性等位基因控制 ,Prt有 6种表型 ,受 3个共显性等位基因控制。计算表型频率及基因频率。并根据基因频率计算遗传距离和聚类分析 ,分析结果 :Vc- 系、Vc- 系獭兔的亲缘关系最近 ;Vc-獭兔与日本大耳白兔的亲缘关系较近 ,与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系较远 ;日本大耳白与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系最远     

The Comparative Effects of Subchronic Administration of Triphenyltin Acetate (TPTA) on the Hepatic and Renal Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rabbits and Lambs

Nebbia, C., Dacasto, M., Ceppa, L., Gennaro Soffietti, M., Spinelli, P., Bergo, V. and Di Simplicio, P., 1997. The comparative effects of subchronic administration of triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) on the hepatic and renal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rabbits and lambs. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (2), 117-125The purpose of this study was to determine whether subchronic (70 days) oral exposure to moderate to high levels of triphenyltin acetate (TPTA), an organotin derivative used worldwide, would affect the microsomal hepatic and renal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rabbits and lambs. Rabbits were offered a diet containing 0, 15, 75 or 150 ppm TPTA, while lambs were daily given 0, 1.5 or 7.5 mg TPTA per kg bw. The tin content in the liver and kidneys was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the rabbits' livers, TPTA failed to affect the cytochrome P450 content, or the oxidative, hydrolytic (carboxylesterase) or conjugative (UDPG-transferase) enzyme activities studied. In contrast, a striking dose-related increase in both P450 content and carboxylesterase activity (up to 280%) was detected in the rabbits' kidneys, but the ECOD and EROD activities were respectively unchanged or moderately depressed. None of the enzymes studied showed statistically significant changes in the ovine hepatic or renal subfractions. The results suggest that repeated exposure to TPTA could lead to the induction of a particular P450-isoenzyme in rabbit kidneys which is concerned with the metabolism of endogenous compounds (e.g. steroids, prostaglandins, thromboxanes). The lack of significant tissue- and species-related differences in the concentration of tin supports the hypothesis that the changes observed in the rabbits' kidneys may not have been caused solely by the accumulation of the metal in the tissues.     

家兔卵母细胞体外受精研究

以家兔为试验动物,人工采集公兔精液,经体外获能后,与从母兔输卵管获取的成熟卵母细胞进行体外受精和培养。结果表明:①卵龄14～15h卵母细胞体外受精后卵裂率和8～16细胞百分率均显著(P<0.05)高于卵龄16～17h卵母细胞;②L-谷氨酰胺对卵母细胞体外受精及受精卵体外发育具有促进作用,但随着添加量的增加其作用减弱;③培养液DMEM+10%FBS组卵裂率、桑椹胚及囊胚百分率均显著(P<0.05)高于TCM-199+10%FBS组及RM-199组。     

品系育种中细毛(半细毛)羊选择指数的研制和应用探讨

品系育种是迄今畜禽纯种选育与杂交利用系统中最为安全高效的途径,综合选择指数则是多性状选择改良的理想方法。该研究试将综合选择指数与绵羊品系育种相结合,提供了一种制作绵羊品系选择指数的方法示例,以便高效可控并有预见性地推进绵羊品系育种进程。     

绵羊铅镉联合中毒的研究

研究了白银矿区周围绵羊以消瘦和贫血为主要特征的疾病。通过检测食物链系统及绵羊全血、被毛和组织器官中１３种矿物元素（Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｆ、Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｐ）的含量，分析血液生理生化指标的变化，揭示出现地牧草中Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的含量高，分别为（１１１．２±９８．４）μｇ／ｇ和（１２．０±１．２）μｇ／ｇ；动物体内的Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ沉积量亦极显著高于允许值（Ｐ＜０．０１）；动物呈低色素小细胞性贫血，血清ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ活性和Ｔ３含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清蛋白含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），以及实质器官变性、坏死，肾小管上皮细胞核包涵体等病理学特点。确认该病系工业环境污染所致的绵羊铅镉联合中毒     

家兔盲肠区正常菌群的研究

采用稀释滴种法对8只40日龄健康断乳仔兔盲肠区(圆小囊、盲肠、蚓突)正常菌群拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和魏氏梭菌进行研究测定.结果表明,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳酸杆菌等厌氧菌群数量占优势,大肠杆菌等需氧菌群数量很少,差异极显著(P＜0.01),未分离到沙门氏菌和魏氏梭菌;各菌群在盲肠区不同部位的分布数值差异不显著(P＞0.05).