南江黄(山)羊血气分析

用血气分析仪对 2 2只南江黄 (山 )羊进行血气分析 ,结果 :pH 7.3 3± 0 .0 4,Pco2 5 .2 4± 0 .3 9kPa ,Po2 3 .5 4± 0 .5 0kPa ,HCO-32 0 .89± 1.62mmol L ,Tco2 2 .11± 1.65mmol L ,BE -4 .10± 1.98mmol L ,SBE -5 .2 6mmol L ,SBc 2 0 .2 1± 1.5 6mmol L ,O2 s(% ) 45 .1± 8.73。表明Pco2 、Po2 、O2 s(% )在不同性别 ,不同年龄组之间存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )和极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。     

黑白花奶牛静脉血血气分析

用IL 130 2型血气分析仪对 2 1头黑白花奶牛的静脉血血样进行血气分析。结果 :pH7 35± 0 0 3,Pco2 4 .82± 0 52kPa ,Po2 3 79± 0 57kPa ,O2 S % 50 6 1± 10 .0 8,HCO3- 2 0 12±2 .71mmol/L ,Tco2 2 1 18± 2 81mmol/L ,BE 5.0 2± 2 45mmol/L ,SBE 6 .14± 2 .82mmol/L ,SBC2 0 2 2± 2 0 5mmol/L     

日粮阴阳离子平衡(DCAB)对泌乳中后期牛血气指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮阴阳离子平衡对泌乳中后期奶牛血液指标的影响。采用3×3重复拉丁方设计,选择泌乳中后期奶牛15头,随机分成3组,每组5头,即对照组(DCAB为77mEq/kgDM)、试验A组(DCAB为175mEq/kgDM)、试验B组(DCAB为325mEq/kgDM),分别饲喂3种不同DCAB水平的日粮。结果表明:DCAB对泌乳奶牛的血气指标具有直接的影响。其中,随着DCAB的增加血液的氧分压Po2显著增加(P<0.05)、ABE显著升高(P<0.05),氧饱和度(SATo2)先升后降;DCAB对血液中pH值、HCO3-的浓度、Pco2均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合分析试验奶牛的血气指标的变化,夏季泌乳中后期奶牛适宜的DCAB值为175mEq/kgDM。     

青海环湖地区放牧绵羊骨营养状况的研究

为了探讨青海环湖地区放牧绵羊骨营养状况,采用二甲氨基苯甲醛比色法、孔雀绿-钼酸比色法、MTB比色法和磷酸苯二钠法,对青海环湖地区4个县55只2～3岁放牧绵羊血清羟脯氨酸、钙和磷含量以及碱性磷酸酶进行了测定.结果表明,被检放牧绵羊的血清游离羟脯氨酸含量为(15.359±1.655)μmol/L,血清碱性磷酸酶活性为(2.797±0.741)nmol,(L·s),血清钙、磷含量分别为(2.443±0.291)mmoL/L和(1.210±0.390)mmol/L,血清无机磷明显低于正常值(P<0.05).结论说明,被检的55只放牧绵羊处于低磷的营养水平.     

夏×藏一代羊血清淀粉酶活性及同工酶

对92 只夏洛来与藏羊的杂种一代绵羊的血清淀粉酶活性及其同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果表明:①夏×藏一代羊的血清淀粉酶(AMY) 有AMY1 ,AMY2 和AMY3 三种同工酶,其中AMY2 同工酶存在多态性; ②AMY2 同工酶有显现酶活性的AMY2A 和不显现酶活性的AMY2O 两种表型,AMY2O型为优势表型(75% ) ;③血清AMY活性为242.3IU/L;④AMY2A型绵羊的血清AMY 活性(305.3IU/L) 非常显著地高于AMY2 O型绵羊(154,1 IU/L)(P< 0.01) 。     

不同胎次草地藏系绵羊乳营养成分、酶活力及蛋白组分的研究

对不同胎次草地藏系绵羊乳营养成分含量、乳酶活力及乳蛋白组分进行了研究。结果表明:草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白平均含量为48.45±13.21g/L,乳糖平均含量为41.93±5.06g/L,乳脂肪平均含量为69.43±11.41g/L。乳蛋白含量第二胎显著高于第一胎(P<0.05),第四胎极显著高于第一胎(P<0.01);不同胎次间乳糖含量差异不显著(P>0.05);乳脂含量随着胎次增加呈下降趋势,第一胎乳脂含量显著高于第四胎(P<0.05)。乳中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(LP)和淀粉酶(AMY)的活力分别为268.25±89.18U/100mL、231.85±107.38U/100mL、3.97±3.68U/mL和80.65±73.91U/100mL;-γGT的活力在不同胎次间未见明显变化(P>0.05),而AKP和LP的活力在不同胎次间虽有的变化,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。乳蛋白主要包括α-乳清蛋白(-αLa)、β-乳球蛋白(-βLg)、酪蛋白(CN)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)等组分。其中酪蛋白的相对含量约50%~52%,优势明显;-αLa相对含量较低。不同胎次间主要蛋白组分相对含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。对乳上皮粘蛋白(MUC1)研究发现它有4种分子量类型,分子量分别为214kD2、09kD2、07kD2、05kD。     

奶山羊实验性过食黄豆的血液学研究

20只装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的假定健康奶山羊进行了过食黄豆对其血液理化性质影响的研究。结果表明,一次给予40、00、80g/kgwt黄豆,分别可导致发病,明显临床症状和死亡;过食黄豆是一个由酸中毒转入以氨中毒为主的代谢性碱中毒的全过程,血氨浓度与黄豆的给予量呈正相关;血液pH值先下降(7.13±0.22,P<0.01)而后上升(7.86±0.25,P<0.01),血浆CO_2CP先降低(12.03±2.73mmol/L,P<0.05)而后升高(22.76±0.76mmol/L,P<0.01),血乳酸先升高(2.07±0.22,P<0.01)后降低(1.23±0.05mmol/L,P<0.01);血氨、血pH值及血浆CO_2CP的升高,是过食黄豆在血液理化性质方面的特征。     

渤海黑牛血细胞及血液理化指标测定研究

为了了解和掌握渤海黑牛血细胞及血液理化指标,本试验测定了20头不同年龄和性别的舍饲渤海黑牛的各项血液生理生化值。结果显示,血液生理常值指标中,渤海黑牛白细胞数为7.08±1.61×109/L,红细胞数为(7.90±1.06)×10-1/L,血小板数为286.85±121.46)109/L,血红蛋白含量为127.5±17.36 g/L。总蛋白含量为69.83±7.36g/L,其中球蛋白数高于白蛋白数。总胆红素为1.73±0.61umol,总胆固醇为3.69±1.03mmol,葡萄糖含量为4.54±0.91mmol。10项生理指标和12项生化指标在不同性别和年龄组间差异显著(P0.05)。本研究结果为渤海黑牛血液生理生化指标提供参考。     

乐都县杂种绵羊唾液与血清钠和钾含量的测定

采用火焰光度计法对乐都县30只杂种绵羊唾液与血清钠和钾含量进行了测定,并对唾液与血清的相应的指标进行了相关分析。结果表明被检绵羊的血清钠和钾的含量分别为(126±18.10)mmol/L,(7.11±3.41)mmol/L。唾液钠和钾的含量分别为(126.50±19.17)mmol/L、(17.12±6.40)mmol/L。血清钠和唾液钠的含量以及血清钾与唾液钾含量的相关性很弱,相关系数(r)分别为-0.131和0.128。     

绵羊实验性乳酸酸中毒研究——Ⅱ.血气和阴离子隙对乳酸酸中毒的诊断价值

12只2～(?)岁健康绵羊被分为Ⅰ组(3只)、Ⅱ组(?)只)和Ⅲ组(3只),分别按2.5,5.0,10.0g/kg瘤胃内注入50%D-L消旋体乳酸溶液.Ⅱ组羊在恢复期因过度代偿而导致代谢性碱中毒。各实验绵羊血液pH值与HCO3-、BEB、TCO2、BEECF和SB成正相关,可作为绵羊乳酸酸中毒的可靠诊断依据。计算AG能反映绵羊酸中毒的程度。绵羊瘤胃内注入乳酸10.0g/kg体重,AG升高到35mmol/L时,绵羊处于休克状态,AG35mmol/L可作为乳酸酸中毒预后不良的监测指标。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.