非洲猪瘟常态化下如何让猪场的"发电机"——母猪持久"发电"

2020年初,突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情打破了人们对鼠年新年的喜悦,全国人民齐心协力共抗新冠病毒,向世界展现了什么叫中国力量!但对于养猪业来说,在非洲猪瘟还没有被彻底消灭的时候,新冠病毒的侵袭,对于生猪生产无疑是雪上加霜。自2018年8月我国报道发生非洲猪瘟疫情以来,几乎所有省、市、自治区的养猪企业均被疫情所笼罩,生猪存栏量大幅度下降,养猪业遭到了近乎毁灭性的打击。根据官方公布的数据得知,当前非洲猪瘟疫情的防控形势依旧十分严峻。而母猪作为猪场的"发电机",其培育到生产的这一过程要更加重视起来。猪场若能做好以下几点,可有助于母猪多生多活,提高猪场盈利。     

非洲猪瘟对我国生猪养殖产业的影响与展望

非洲猪瘟病毒从2018年下旬入侵我国,对我国生猪养殖产业造成重创,导致生猪养殖的数量和规模锐减,经济损失严重,对我国畜牧养殖产业的科学发展以及我国经济的平稳运行均造成巨大威胁。目前非洲猪瘟还会导致我国生猪的出栏量显著下降,猪肉产品价格显著提高,通过分析了解现阶段非洲猪瘟导致的影响可加强应对非洲猪瘟的防控措施,改善目前生猪养殖产业发展的方向,恢复生猪养殖生产,保障我国猪肉市场的供应。该文对非洲猪瘟对我国生猪养殖产业的影响、应对措施及未来的展望进行论述。     

Antimicrobial resistance in swine production

Large amounts of antimicrobial agents are still being used in modern swine production in many countries around the world. This facilitates the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria causing infections in swine have in several cases acquired resistance to a number of the agents most commonly used for treatment, making it difficult to predict the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents without prior susceptibility testing. This review gives an overview of recent susceptibility data from different parts of the world and discusses the importance of the development of resistance not only in the treatment of infections in swine but also taking into account the human health implications of antimicrobial resistance.     

Nutrient management procedures to enhance environmental conditions: an introduction

The advent of concentrated, large animal production units presents a monumental challenge for the effective management of nutrients in animal manure. This symposium was organized to address the issue of the environmental impact of animal production and to offer suggestions on nutrient management procedures for reducing the environmental impact. There were four presentations on environmental concerns of animal manure that covered the topics of using the severe Dutch legislation that limits the amounts of nitrogen and phosphate in the manure allowed for application on cropland, potential for reducing odorous compounds in swine manure, alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of large swine production units, and, finally, perspectives on nutrient management procedures from a swine integrator's viewpoint. This introduction to the symposium highlights the major areas discussed within each of the four presentations.     

非洲猪瘟疫情下猪育种面临的困境与对策

自2018年8月以来暴发的非洲猪瘟疫情给我国猪育种和生猪生产带来了极大的困扰，育种体系遭受重创。文章综述了非洲猪瘟对我国育种体系的影响、育种工作面临的困境与挑战以及非洲猪瘟形势下猪育种的对策。     

猪支原体肺炎净化研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种严重危害养猪业生产的传染病,该病传播迅速,且一旦侵入就难以清除,控制和净化该病已成为世界养猪生产所面临的挑战。世界各国都采取了各种不同的措施净化此病,也取得了一定的成效。本文列举了美国,欧洲各国及中国猪支原体肺炎净化成功例子及经验,并加以总结归纳,为国内猪支原体肺炎的净化提供参考。     

Review of Influenza A Virus in Swine Worldwide: A Call for Increased Surveillance and Research

Pigs and humans have shared influenza A viruses (IAV) since at least 1918, and many interspecies transmission events have been documented since that time. However, despite this interplay, relatively little is known regarding IAV circulating in swine around the world compared with the avian and human knowledge base. This gap in knowledge impedes our understanding of how viruses adapted to swine or man impacts the ecology and evolution of IAV as a whole and the true impact of swine IAV on human health. The pandemic H1N1 that emerged in 2009 underscored the need for greater surveillance and sharing of data on IAV in swine. In this paper, we review the current state of IAV in swine around the world, highlight the collaboration between international organizations and a network of laboratories engaged in human and animal IAV surveillance and research, and emphasize the need to increase information in high‐priority regions. The need for global integration and rapid sharing of data and resources to fight IAV in swine and other animal species is apparent, but this effort requires grassroots support from governments, practicing veterinarians and the swine industry and, ultimately, requires significant increases in funding and infrastructure.     

非洲猪瘟场复养成功的前提条件与关键技术措施

非洲猪瘟传入我国后,对生猪行业造成了非常不利的影响。生猪的存栏量和出栏量均出现了大幅下降,为了恢复生猪产能,保障猪肉供应,复养刻不容缓。笔者通过对猪场风险评估,对发病原因、清洗与消毒、硬件改造与升级、环境和水体检测、哨兵猪的选择与管理以及关键技术措施等进行总结与集成,并将其利用指导了3个感染过非洲猪瘟的猪场成功复养,现将这些措施的主要内容总结如下几点,供行业主管部门和养猪场(户)参考。     

浅谈非洲猪瘟背景下的后备母猪初配标准和改善措施

非洲猪瘟进入我国已2年有余,目前全国生猪产能已经恢复到非瘟发生前的88％以上.但是,猪场在快速恢复产能过程中诸多问题会对猪场生产成绩造成持续影响,例如如何确立后备母猪初配标准,亟待建立和规范.文章从后备母猪初配标准的重要性、关键指标和改善措施3个方面进行深入剖析和探讨,旨在为猪场建立最佳的后备母猪初配条件提供参考.     

2019年世界生猪产业发展情况及2020年的趋势

2019年世界猪肉产量有较大幅度下降,总产为10613万吨,比2018年下降了6.03%,其中世界最大猪肉生产国中国的产量下降幅度巨大,下降幅度为13.95%。长期以来中国的生猪生产与消费占据着世界的半壁江山,2019年受到非洲猪瘟疫情的影响,中国生猪产量大幅度下降,猪肉进口大幅度上升,导致了世界整体猪肉产量的下滑以及猪肉贸易量的大幅度上升。2020年中国猪肉产能下滑趋势将得到缓解,但是供给紧缺、进口增加的态势将持续,将对世界猪肉生产以及贸易格局带来巨大影响。世界第二、第三大猪肉进口国日本与墨西哥的猪肉生产稳定,猪肉价格平稳上升,猪肉进口量2019年也有一定增长。随着中国的猪肉进口需求量增加,预计2020年全球猪肉贸易量会有一定上升,美国、欧盟等主要猪肉出口国的猪肉产量将有一定增长,下面详细考察2019年世界生猪产业的发展情况并对2020年的走势做出初步判断。     

The impact of the phyto‐oestrogen genistein on swine granulosa cell function

Soya and soybean products used in swine feeding contain genistein, a non‐steroidal phyto‐oestrogen which has been demonstrated to influence endocrine functions. This observation leads us to design this study to evaluate the effect of genistein on swine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation. In the attempt to unravel the genistein signal transduction mechanisms, we verified the effect of lavendustin, a Tyrosine Kinase (TK) inhibitor, and the potential involvement of NO/cGMP pathway. Finally, as angiogenesis is essential for follicle development, we tested the effect of the phyto‐oestrogen on vascular endothelial growth factor production and on granulosa cell redox status, because free‐radical species modulate neovascularization. Our data provide evidence that genistein interferes with granulosa cell steroidogenesis while it does not modulate cell growth: this effect could be at least partially produced by inhibiting TK‐dependent signalling systems. On the contrary, NO/cGMP pathway or vascular endothelial growth factor production can be excluded as signalling mechanism involved in phyto‐oestrogen effects. Remarkably, genistein stimulates hydrogen peroxide production thus potentially inhibiting follicular angiogenesis. Collectively, these results suggest that genistein consumption could potentially negatively impact swine reproductive function.     

集约化养猪场猪咬尾症的发生和防治

在集约化养猪生产中，常可见到猪的咬尾症，严重影响猪的健康和生产性能。引起猪咬尾症的原因是多方面的，而且往往是几种因素同时作用，且发生于不同的饲养阶段。可见防制猪咬尾症的措施应是综合性的，并应贯穿于养猪生产的始终。本文分析了猪咬尾症发生的原因，介绍了猪咬尾症的防治措施。     

高温对猪采食量的影响机制及应用的研究进展

采食量是保证猪生产性能充分发挥的关键因素。温度对猪的采食量影响较大。温热恒定机制是调节猪采食量的主要方式,环境温度通过改变猪与环境的热交换而影响其采食量,且影响最为明显。作者阐述了温度对猪采食量的调节机制、温度对采食量的影响等研究进展。     

Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare

Pork production began to flourish in the USA after the practice of finishing pigs on corn was popularized in the late 1600s. By the 1840s, there were 35 million pigs and 20 million people in the USA and Cincinnati was the world's largest pork market. Between 1890 and the present, the total number of pigs in the USA has remained at 50-60 million, but dramatic changes in swine husbandry over the course of the 20th century have metamorphosed pig production from small, extensive (outdoor), labor-dependent enterprises into large, intensive (indoor), capital-dependent, production systems. This development has led to debate concerning the impact of swine production on animal/human health, the environment, and the welfare of the animals under our care. In a very tangible way, the future of pork production depends on effectively addressing the public's concerns regarding animal welfare and health. Here, we review basic sensory and behavioral aspects of swine with the objective of reaching a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare. The premise of this discussion is that safeguarding animal welfare and health is good for pigs, pork producers and the animal-conscious public.     

非洲猪瘟对我国生猪产业链的影响及防控对策

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)疫情在沈阳市首次发现后,呈现出由北向南扩散的趋势,对我国生猪产业构成重大威胁。目前我国已经将其列为一类动物疫病,严格限制疫区生猪调运,并对患病生猪进行无害化处理,防止疫病蔓延。论文分析了非洲猪瘟对我国生猪产业链各环节的影响,并提出了相应的防控对策。     

非洲猪瘟的诊断与防控措施

非洲猪瘟是养猪业的第一杀手,自1921年东非国家肯尼亚首先出现非洲猪瘟疫情以来,这个病毒已经在非洲亚洲欧洲等区域传播了近百年,对世界养猪业造成了无可估量的损失。我国于2018年8月在辽宁省沈阳市首次发生非洲猪瘟疫情,并在极短的时间内传遍全国,对我国养猪行业的发展产生了巨大的影响,养猪业在近2年时间里发生了极大的变化。文章采用TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR技术,阐述一种快速、准确的非洲猪瘟病毒检测方法,并结合非洲猪瘟传播感染途径的特点,制定科学的诊断程序与防控措施来保证养猪业的生产安全。     

Development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and severe viral disease of swine resulting in substantial production losses in different farming systems in many regions of the world. The accurate and rapid detection of CSF outbreaks is reliant on sensitive and specific laboratory testing and is a key component of disease control. Specific detection of CSF virus can be achieved by virus isolation in tissue culture, antigen capture or the detection of viral RNA using molecular techniques. In order to reduce the time taken to achieve a diagnostic result and simplify testing methods, an antigen capture ELISA using immunomagnetic beads (IMB) as the solid phase was developed and compared to a microplate-based antigen capture (AC)-ELISA. The IMB-ELISA has up to 64-fold greater analytical sensitivity than the AC-ELISA and initial estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are 100%. The IMB-ELISA has a highly robust, rapid and stable test format and is simpler to perform than the AC-ELISA. The IMB-ELISA has the added advantage that a result can be sensitively and specifically determined by eye, lending it to the possibility of adaptation to a near-to-field test with minimal equipment or expertise needed.     

电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用

严格封闭的生产管理体系是现代化养猪企业获得效益的基础 ,良好的企业管理及实力展示又是赢得市场的关键 ,二者结合使用电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用具有广阔的前景。作者对此较详细地阐述了电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用及作用等 ,指出电视监控的应用将使现代化养猪企业置身于多维的管理和经营体系之中     

非洲猪瘟疫病防控工作中粪污资源化利用整县推进模式存在问题及防疫要点

非洲猪瘟作为最严重的猪疾病之一,自暴发以来给我国畜牧业带来沉重打击,养殖粪污是病毒传播的主要载体,因此防止非洲猪瘟传播就要对粪污处理各环节进严格把关.文章总结了粪污资源化利用整县推进模式环节容易出现的问题,提出了相应的防控措施,并为畜牧业健康发展提供参考.     

环境规制和非洲猪瘟背景下的生猪产业发展实践调查与案例分析

通过实践调查和案例分析,研究了环境规制政策和非洲猪瘟疫情下的广东省生猪养殖现状及面临的问题。调查发现,环境规制政策给养殖户带来了较大压力,污染处理导致养殖成本直接上升,经营变得困难。但是,环境规制也促使养殖户对环保更加重视,并在此过程中学习了新的粪便处理技术。受非洲猪瘟疫情影响,广东省生猪养殖行业加速去产能明显,给养猪业带来较大冲击,此外,非洲猪瘟疫情也使养殖户对疫病知识和疫病防控工作更加了解和重视。通过案例访谈对养殖场进行了深入了解,发现不同类型、不同规模养殖场在多重因素的影响下其应对处理方式均有所不同。最后,根据研究结论提出了相应政策建议。