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“养蜂在于养王”,优质蜂王是蜂群迅速发展、维持强大群势、提高蜂群生产能力及养蜂综合效益的保证。了解、掌握及运用蜂王生物学特性中的有关数据,在蜂群管理及育种选种等方面做到胸中有数、管之有方、防患有策、计划有据,这对于培育优质蜂王和科学养蜂有着十分重要的意义。中蜂蜂王卵巢中卵小管数大约为226条,比意蜂少,产卵量只有意蜂产卵量的1/2稍多;但中蜂王产卵单重明显大于意蜂。蜂王胸高约为4.4mm,蜂王初生重平均为186.6mg,产卵蜂王重239mg,中蜂蜂王一般活4~5a(年),2a后产卵量开始下降;生产上一般使用… 相似文献
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越冬前的蜂群管理的主要任务是繁育适龄越冬蜂 ,加强群势为越冬作准备 ,使蜂群能安全越冬 ,为来年春繁打下良好的基础。根据当地蜜源情况和气候条件 ,经过长期的摸索 ,总结出湖北省江汉平原地区越冬前的蜂群管理的经验。1、检查调整蜂群和培育新王8月上旬芝麻花已接近尾声 ,棉花已无大的流蜜 ,这时停止取蜜 ,对蜂群进行全面检查 ,调整蜂势 ,抽出多余巢脾 ,对弱群加封盖子脾或进行合并 ,使全场群势基本相等和蜂脾比例恰当 ;检查蜂王情况 ,记录一年以上产卵不好的老王以及伤残王和产卵不强的蜂王等情况 ,为下一步培育新王作计划准备。八月十日… 相似文献
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检查蜂群的目的就是了解蜂群的情况 ,不同的季节 ,检查的目的不一样。一般来说 ,检查的项目有 :蜂王存亡 ,子脾及健康状况 ,卵、虫、封盖子脾的数量及比例 ,雄蜂、工蜂数量 ,各龄蜂的比例 ,蜂脾关系 ,蜜蜂工作情况 ,巢内蜜粉数量 ,温湿度及病虫害等。检查的方法有 :全面检查、局部检查和箱外观察。一、全面检查全面检查就是对蜂群逐框进行仔细观察 ,以掌握蜂群的全面情况。这种检查不要太多 ,以免扰乱蜂群的正常生活秩序 ,或者引起盗蜂。全面检查应该选择风和日丽 ,气温在15℃以上的时候进行。但是 ,早春的快速检查只要气温达到9℃以上或… 相似文献
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8 蜂群的检查记录蜂群检查记录的数据为今后蜂群管理提供可靠的依据。在春夏繁殖分蜂季节 ,必须每周开箱检查1次。检查记录的项目有 :蜂群编号 ,病虫发生情况 ,巢脾贮蜜粉情况 ,蜂群框数、子脾数 ,雄蜂发生日期 ,王台产卵、封盖日期 ,蜂王是否正常产卵等情况 ,为饲喂、防病虫用药 ,分群、换王、合并提供可靠依据 ,根据查看发现的各种情况采取相应的有效措施 ,进行积极主动的饲养管理。9 蜂群的换王蜂王在养蜂中占有主导地位。所以 ,要及时换掉产卵及抗病虫能力差 ,18个月以上的老蜂王。选择抗病虫能力强、产蜜量高、繁殖快的蜂群来培育王… 相似文献
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我养蜂时间不长 ,蜂场也不大 ,但围王的事却经常发生。如 :往蜂群里介绍王时 ,蜂群里刚出的处女王 ,交尾回来返群王 ,产卵不久的王 ,一年内的新王 ,两年以上的老王 ,囚王断子出笼王等等 ,都发生过蜂王被围致残致死的情况。特别是刚培育出的优良品种和不易育王的季节损失一只蜂王 ,对蜂群影响极大。为此 ,对于蜂刊上 ,师傅和蜂友们介绍的方法我都试用过。如 :用原群蜂王磨碎抹新王身上调味法 ;将蜂脾提出箱外 3 0分钟晾脾放王法 ;脾上原位两王对换法 ;用纸卷筒裹王法 ;铁网脾上扣王法 ;提出子脾组群老蜂返巢法等 ,我都试用过 ,除提出子脾组群… 相似文献
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笔者认为,要想了解蜜蜂,就要和蜜蜂交朋友,用心去观察,去体会。不用开箱就能判断出蜂群内的活动情况,有无异常,是否需要检查。只有做到观其外知其内,充分了解蜜蜂的活动,才能做到有的放矢检查管理蜂群。下面我将积累40多年的养蜂经验和总结的一些心得体会,与各位养蜂同仁切磋、探讨:一、每天到蜂场内例行观察蜂群的出勤情况:看到蜂群进出忙碌、兴奋,就是外界有优质的蜜粉源出现;工蜂带有大量花粉进巢,说明蜂王产卵积极,繁殖旺盛;如果个别蜂群的工蜂在箱门口惶恐不安,轻微振翅,就说明此蜂群已经失王。 相似文献
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很多养蜂人对强群蜂王产卵力下降不理解,总以为是强群蜂王产卵就应该越多越快,而实际上并非如此。蜂群培育的子脾数量取决于蜂群内的哺育蜂数量和蜂王产卵力,在强群里,哺育蜂是足够的,那么蜂王产卵力生理局限性就是强群发展停滞的原因。蜂王产卵力达到生理极限以前一直提高,达到最高限度时,蜂王产卵力开始下降。强群蜂王产卵力不可能永远保持初期的高速,否则可能造成产卵不足,强群子脾相对减少。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献