香蕉苗经生防菌处理后体内抗病性相关酶的变化

选择过氧化物酶(PO)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、葡聚糖酶作为植物抗病性反应的指标,对接种香蕉枯萎病菌(FOC)和拮抗细菌(Bio-B3和Bio-d5)后香蕉植株根部内这些酶的活性进行比较,结果表明,接种拮抗细菌Bio-B3、拮抗细菌Bio-d5、病原菌FOC及同时接种Bio-B3和FOC、Bio-d5和FOC,均在接种2 d后PO和PPO活性最先达到最大值,葡聚糖酶在接种后活性一直保持上升趋势,在接种12 d后上升速率加快。比较不同接种处理诱导产生各种酶活性的强弱可发现:接种Bio-d5+FOC、Bio-B3+FOC、Bio-B3和Bio-d5的PO活性高峰明显比接种FOC的高,PPO活性高峰略大;接种Bio-B3+FOC、Bio-d5+FOC、Bio-B3和Bio-d5的葡聚糖酶活性始终比只接种FOC的高。     

福建水稻土分类的研究

本文讨论福建省水稻土分类。把水稻土分为三个亚类型:渗育性水稻土、潴育性水稻土、潜育性水稻土。土属的划分是以起源土壤中的粘土矿物组合和母质的不同而分为八个属:1、砖红壤性土或中更新世海成阶地红土;2、白土或晚更新世海成阶地原生土;3、红壤或晚更新世红土;4、紫色土或紫色砂页岩风化残积物;5、黄壤或山地黄壤;6、冲积土或河流冲积物;7、盐土或滨海沉积物;8、石灰性土及石灰岩残积物。土种的划分是根据土壤上部土层(0～50 cm)的质地构型或耕作层的熟化度。水稻土的命名建议采用地名——亚类(简称)——属名(简称)——上层(0～20cm)质地的连名法,似较现行的命名法切实可用。     

6-二甲基氨基嘌呤对体外成熟山羊卵母细胞孤雌激活及发育的影响

体外成熟的山羊卵泡卵母细胞用7%的乙醇和5μmol/L的离子霉素刺激处理后,分别置于含2 mmol/L 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)和不含6-DMAP的培养液中培养4 h,研究6-DMAP对体外成熟山羊卵泡卵母细胞孤雌激活率、原核形成以及孤雌胚体外发育潜能的影响。结果表明:6-DMAP能显著提高山羊卵母细胞的激活率,乙醇 6-DMAP和离子霉素 6-DMAP处理卵母细胞激活率分别为75.6%和71.1%,均显著高于单独使用乙醇(54.3%)和离子霉素(56.8%)处理;显著抑制卵母细胞第二极体的排出,乙醇 6-DMAP和离子霉素 6-DMAP处理仅含1个极体的孤雌胚分别为90.3%和96.3%,显著高于单独使用乙醇(26.3%)离子霉素(33.3%)处理。孤雌胚体外培养7 d,乙醇 6-DMAP和离子霉素 6-DMAP处理4-细胞发育率为45.6%和47.9%,8-细胞孤雌胚发育率为25.0%和29.6%,桑/囊胚形成率为7.4%和9.9%,均显著高于单独使用乙醇和离子霉素处理(P<0.05)。     

3种枸杞耐盐碱性的比较

利用组织培养技术,研究了枸杞(Lycium chinense M.)、新疆枸杞(Lycium dasystemum P.)、宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的萌发与增殖状况。在培养基中添加NaCl或NaOH,不仅延迟了种子发芽的时间,也降低了枸杞种子的发芽率。随着盐或碱质量分数的升高,萌发率降低。3种枸杞在盐或碱条件下发芽率差异极显著(76.01**/85.69**)。新疆枸杞种子在含盐培养基中具有较高的萌发率,宁夏枸杞和新疆枸杞在碱胁迫下具有较强的发芽率,枸杞种子萌发率在盐或碱中均较低。3种枸杞的增殖能力在含盐或碱培养基中都下降,且盐的质量分数或pH值越高,增殖率越低。在盐或碱培养基中,3种枸杞之间的增殖率差异极显著(100.93**/125.8**)。新疆枸杞的增殖能力较强,宁夏枸杞和枸杞较弱。新疆枸杞具有较好的耐盐碱能力。     

氮素形态对兴安落叶松幼苗的营养效应

采用水培试验方法,以兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)幼苗为供试材料,研究兴安落叶松幼苗对氨基酸态氮(甘氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸)、铵态氮(硫酸铵)、硝态氮(硝酸钙)的吸收与响应特性。结果表明:氨基酸态氮和铵态氮对兴安落叶松幼苗的生长及干物质积累的促进作用明显好于硝态氮。氨基酸态氮比无机态氮更能有效提高幼苗体内N、P、K养分质量分数,甘氨酸、谷氨酸对兴安落叶松幼苗铵态氮的供应能力与硫酸铵等效,赖氨酸态氮次之。氨基酸态氮和铵态氮对兴安落叶松幼苗硝态氮的供应无明显效果。供应氨基酸态氮和硝态氮后,营养液pH值显著升高;供应铵态氮,营养液pH值显著下降。     

新旧膜棚内小气候差异及其对樱桃番茄果实产量和品质的影响

为研究新旧膜棚内小气候差异及其对樱桃番茄果实产量和品质的影响,以千禧樱桃番茄为研究材料,对新旧膜棚内冬春季大棚密闭保温时段和春夏季全天通风时段的温度、湿度、太阳辐射差异性进行分析,对比观察樱桃番茄生育期并记录测定两种棚膜栽培条件下果实产量和品质。结果表明：全生育期新旧膜棚内均可比外界提高日均温近3 ℃,且两者差异不明显;冬春季晴好天气下,大棚密闭的白天时段,新膜比旧膜增温效果好;其余时段无论晴雨或大棚开闭与否,两者增温、保温效果均无显著性差异;无论季节或通风与否,旧膜的棚内湿度均显著低于新膜,平均偏低3.6%,旧膜在降湿防病方面有一定作用;新旧膜棚内光照差异明显,新膜棚内太阳辐射平均值比旧膜棚高20.6%;在新膜条件下,可以不同程度地将樱桃番茄花期和果实成熟期提前3～5 d;果实大小和病果数受新旧膜影响差异显著;单果质量、果实含糖量以及果实产量等其他指标影响不显著。     

漏斗孢球囊霉(GLomus mosseae)菌根真菌对冷海棠幼苗生长的影响

用VA菌根真菌GM6、GM7对冷海棠接菌盆栽试验表明:①在土壤灭菌条件下,接菌GM6的冷海棠株高为其对照的4.6倍,接菌GM7的株高为其对照的4.4倍,而接菌GM6与接菌GM7之间,未接菌GM6对照与未接菌GM7对照之间其株高均无显著差异;②在土壤未灭菌条件下,接菌GM6、GM7的冷海棠株高与相应对照之间均无显著差异;③土壤灭菌接菌GM6、GM7的冷海棠株高为土壤不灭菌接菌GM6、GM7的冷海棠株高的2倍;而土壤未灭菌对照的冷海棠株高为土壤灭菌相应对照冷海棠株高的2倍;④在土壤灭菌条件下,不同接菌处理菌根菌对根系侵染率高的,植株也高,侵染率低的,植株矮.土壤未灭菌接菌处理的侵染率虽然与土壤灭菌接菌处理的侵染率大体相同,但株高却远低于土壤灭菌接菌处理的株高.     

沼气反应器中自动加热恒温系统主要工作部件的参数选择

自动加热恒温系统是沼气反应装置的主要工作部件,该系统设计的好坏,将决定料液是否能够高效稳定地产生沼气。而系统设计的好坏取决于工作原理是否正确、结构是否合理、主要工作部件的参数选择是否正确。为此,本文详细论述了自动加热恒温系统的结构、工作原理,合理确定了主要工作部件的参数,为本系统的加工、制造提供了理论依据。     

闽粤栲群落凋落物持水量与其结构的定量分析

对南平市郊林场封山育林近熟期不同坡位闽粤栲群落凋落物持水量与其结构关系进行了定量分析.结果表明:每公顷凋落物干重、每公顷凋落物持水量均与乔木层和群落优势度呈显著正相关关系,均与灌木层优势度呈显著负相关关系,均与草本层优势度关系不密切,均与乔木、灌木和草本层(各层)和群落物种数、香农—威纳指数、均匀度指数和生态优势度(物种多样性指数)关系不密切;每吨凋落物持水量与乔木层物种数、香农—威纳指数、均匀度指数呈显著正相关关系,与乔木层生态优势度呈显著负相关关系,与灌木层、草本层和群落物种多样性指数之间关系不密切,与各层和群落优势度关系不密切.     

Facile catalyst separation without water: fluorous biphase hydroformylation of olefins

A novel concept for performing stoichiometric and catalytic chemical transformations has been developed that is based on the limited miscibility of partially or fully fluorinated compounds with nonfluorinated compounds. A fluorous biphase system (FBS) consists of a fluorous phase containing a dissolved reagent or catalyst and another phase, which could be any common organic or nonorganic solvent with limited or no solubility in the fluorous phase. The fluorous phase is defined as the fluorocarbon (mostly perfluorinated alkanes, ethers, and tertiary amines)-rich phase of a biphase system. An FBS compatible reagent or catalyst contains enough fluorous moieties that it will be soluble only or preferentially in the fluorous phase. The most effective fluorous moieties are linear or branched perfluoroalkyl chains with high carbon number; they may also contain heteroatoms. The chemical transformation may occur either in the fluorous phase or at the interface of the two phases. The application of FBS has been demonstrated for the extraction of rhodium from toluene and for the hydroformylation of olefins. The ability to separate a catalyst or a reagent from the products completely at mild conditions could lead to industrial application of homogeneous catalysts or reagents and to the development of more environmentally benign processes.     

Group A streptococci: localization in rabbits and guinea pigs following tissue injury

Rabbits injected intravenously with extracellular products ("toxins") of group A streptococci develop myocardial, muscular, and hepatic lesions. When such animals are then challenged with fluorochrome-labeled group A streptococci or with titanium oxide particles the labeled bacteria or particles localize within phagocytic cells in the tissue lesions caused by the toxins. Similarly, labeled streptococci or titanium oxide particles will also localize within phagocytic cells in skin lesions of guinea pigs that develop delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin or to bovine gamma globulin. It is proposed that a combined mechanism of injury and localization of bacteria in damaged tissues may be responsible for poststreptococcal sequelae or other chronic inflammatory diseases.     

双季稻区油菜移栽与直播性状比较研究

以6个甘蓝型油菜杂交品种（组合）为供试材料,分别对双季稻区油菜移栽和直播两种栽培方式下的生产表现进行了对比分析。结果表明：各品种（组合）移栽平均产量均高于直播30％以上。在主要经济性状上,总体趋势表现为移栽方式下单位面积总角果数显著高于直播、平均每角粒数略多于直播,千粒重差异不明显。播种期及栽培方式对成熟期影响不大,主要取决于各品种（组合）不同的遗传特性。同时对各参试品种（组合）的耕作适应性进行了比较,提出了适于直播栽培的油菜品种特性与生产要求。     

曲酸对鲜切马铃薯与莲藕的褐变及其相关酶活性的影响

以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)为试材,研究了0.1%、0.3%和0.5%曲酸处理鲜切马铃薯片及莲藕片在模拟货架期(4℃)的色泽及相关酶活性变化。结果表明,曲酸能不同程度地抑制马铃薯与莲藕的多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性。其中,0.3%和0.5%曲酸处理在保持鲜切马铃薯片及莲藕片色泽,抑制PPO,POD,PAL活性的效果好于未经处理的对照及1%柠檬酸的参比处理。未经处理的马铃薯片、莲藕片外观品质保持为5~6d或4~6d,0.3%和0.5%曲酸处理后的马铃薯片与莲藕片的货架期分别达10d或12d,1%柠檬酸的参比处理分别是8~10d或6~8d。     

福安大红李的优树选择及无性系鉴定研究

选出了成熟期较早（7月上中旬成熟）、果大（单果平均重112．4g）、可溶性固形物含量较高（12．6％）和较稳产的福安大红李优良单株各1株,采用高接方法建立了福安大红李优良单株无性系鉴定园。     

苦瓜育苗技术研究

[目的]筛选出出苗快,移栽成活率高,开花早,产量高的苦瓜综合育苗技术。[方法]对苦瓜按烫种与否、催芽与否、用穴盘与否、用农家肥与否、加轻质疏松物与否、用河沙与否等多个因子形成多个处理育苗,根据其出苗快慢、移栽成活率及开花结果等情况比较筛选好的育苗技术。[结果]烫种后先催芽再播于装有锯木屑的穴盘与烫种后先催芽再播于装有猪粪、苞谷胡粉(即栽食用菌用的玉米芯子粉)和河沙(比例为5∶4∶1)配成的基质的穴盘为苦瓜两种好的育苗方法。[结论]烫种后先催芽再播于装有猪粪、苞谷胡粉和河沙配成的复合基质的穴盘进行育苗,综合效果最好。     

Type C RNA tumor viruses as determinants of chemical carcinogenesis: effects of sequence of treatment

Fischer rat embryo cells were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene before or after inoculation with Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Transformation was not observed in untreated control cultures, cultures given virus or 3-methyl-cholanthrene alone, or cultures treated first with 3-methylcholanthrene followed by inoculation with the virus after removal of the chemical. Transformation was dependent upon the presence of Rauscher murine leukemia virus at the time of chemical treatment.     

Kaposi's sarcoma cells: long-term culture with growth factor from retrovirus-infected CD4+ T cells

Studies of the biology and pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) have been hampered by the inability to maintain long-term cultures of KS cells in vitro. In this study AIDS-KS-derived cells with characteristic spindle-like morphology were cultured with a growth factor (or factors) released by CD4+ T lymphocytes infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I or HTLV-II) or with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or 2 (HIV-1 or HIV-2). Medium conditioned by HTLV-II-infected, transformed lines of T cells (HTLV-II CM) contained large amounts of this growth activity and also supported the temporary growth of normal vascular endothelial cells, but not fibroblasts. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated the growth of the KS-derived cells, but the growth was only transient and these could be distinguished from that in HTLV-II CM. Other known endothelial cell growth promoting factors, such as acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and epidermal growth factor, did not support the long-term growth of the AIDS-KS cells. The factor released by CD4+ T cells infected with human retroviruses should prove useful in studies of the pathogenesis of KS.     

观赏百合继代培养中芽增殖效果的研究

[目的]研究几种生长调节剂在观赏百合继代培养中对芽的增值效果。[方法]采用组织培养法,在各培养基中分别单独和组合添加不同浓度的BA或KT、GA、2,4-D和NAA,观察记录百合芽的增殖数。[结果]培养基中添加0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/L的BA或KT,对百合芽的增殖具有促进效果,其中添加0.5 mg/L BA对新中心和马可的芽的增值效果显著,42 d时分别比对照增加了290.9%和240.0%;添加0.05、0.10、0.50和1.00 mg/L的2,4-D或GA对百合芽的增殖具有促进效果;0.5 mg/L BA或KT与NAA配合使用时,效果优于BA或KT单独使用,且与0.1 mg/L NAA配合使用时效果最好;0.5 mg/L BA或KT与0.5 mg/L GA配合使用对新中心芽增殖效果最好。[结论]研究为探寻最适合观赏百合继代培养的生长调节剂配方提供了理论依据。     

北京小龙门地区蓝紫色野生草本花卉资源调查

为了给园林绿化提供更多观赏价值较高的蓝紫色花卉,对北京小龙门地区的野生草本花卉资源进行了实地踏查与整理。结果表明,北京小龙门地区蓝紫色野生草本花卉共有53种,隶属于17科、37属。结合蓝紫色野生草本花卉的形态特征和观赏特性,对其园林应用形式和应用前景进行了分析。并针对蓝紫色野生草本花卉资源的利用,提出了开发与保护相结合、加强引种驯化的建议。