91份俄罗斯玉米自交系的遗传多样性分析

为了有效提高俄罗斯玉米种质资源的利用效率,拓宽黑龙江省玉米自交系的遗传基础,利用SSR分子标记技术研究91份俄罗斯玉米自交系的遗传多样性,并对其进行聚类分析。结果表明,50个多态性SSR标记共检测到248个等位基因,平均4.96个;位点多态性信息指数(PIC)平均为0.67,表明俄罗斯玉米自交系的遗传多样性较为丰富。聚类分析(邻近法)结果将俄罗斯玉米自交系划分为8个类群,类群I占25.27%,兰卡斯特和瑞德群各占20.88%,旅大红骨和塘四平头分别占13.19%和9.89%;类群II、类群III和P群分别占4.40%、3.30%和2.20%。俄罗斯玉米自交系类群I种质资源较为丰富,可能与光温不敏感特性有关。在遗传多样性分析基础上,利用11个SSR标记构建了91份俄罗斯玉米自交系特异分子身份证,为黑龙江省玉米杂种优势利用及育种实践提供了科学依据。     

株高穗位相关标记分析138份玉米骨干自交系的遗传多样性

利用与玉米株高穗位高相关的SSR标记,对138份吉林省玉米育种的骨干自交系进行遗传多样性分析,并通过UPGMA方法对自交系进行聚类分析,同时对3个旅大红骨改良系的遗传组成进行解析,旨在为亲本选配提供依据。结果表明,扩增带型稳定的20对株高穗位高相关的SSR引物,检测出114个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出2~12个等位基因,平均等位基因数目为5.7个。每对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.028~0.78,平均多态性信息含量为0.517,几大类群的多态性信息含量的顺序为旅大红骨类群(0.47)Lancaster类群(0.42)塘四平头类群(0.41)reid类群(0.35)。聚类分析表明,供试玉米可划分为2个大群,4个亚群,其中lancaster类群与其他类群亲缘关系较远。此外,3个旅大红骨改良系遗传解析的结果证明,分子标记辅助选择在数量性状遗传改良上具有实际应用价值。本研究结果为玉米株型改良育种提供了依据。     

几种遗传聚类方法对玉米自交系遗传差异性的比较分析

用7个自育玉米自交系(P1组)和7个引进玉米自交系及其组配的49个杂种F1为材料,考察P1组亲本单株粒重等20个性状,进行遗传聚类分析,比较玉米自交系的遗传差异性。结果表明任何一种方法,只要是从亲本表型性状入手的聚类结果,只反映亲本间的表型差异与血缘关系无关;而从杂种F1的目标性状进行遗传聚类分析的遗传差异,却能反映亲本间血缘关系;一般配合力分析结果与血缘关系吻合最好,杂种优势的聚类分析结果,吻合程度次之。     

空间诱变对玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应

空间诱变育种具有诱变效率高、变异幅度大、育种周期短等特点,是创新种质、拓展种质基础、丰富种质资源的重要途径.为探明空间诱变对不同玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应,本研究以3份玉米(Zea mays L.)骨干自交系08-641、RP125和18-599为空间诱变基础材料,分别从诱变处理后代中选出优良诱变系为母本,以常用玉米自交系Mo17、478和黄早四等为父本配制杂交组合,在四川和云南两个环境条件下对各杂交组合进行田间试验鉴定,对单株产量性状进行配合力分析.结果表明,08-641和RP125诱变系单株产量一般配合力(GCA)有所降低,18-599诱变系Y2709和Y3235单株产量GCA极显著高于对照.空间诱变对三份玉米自交系单株产量性状配合力效应影响程度不同,总体表现为RP125诱变系变异幅度最大,18-599诱变系次之,08-641诱变系最小.对各杂交组合进行杂种优势分析结果显示,诱变系S1449、Y2803、Y3165和Y3235的杂种优势表现明显,可能具有较大的育种潜势.这些研究结果不仅丰富了玉米育种的物质基础,而且丰富了玉米诱变育种的理论内涵.     

糯玉米淀粉RVA黏度性状配合力与杂种优势分析

蒸煮食味品质是评价鲜食糯玉米品种优劣的核心指标。为探究糯玉米蒸煮品质性状的配合力、杂种优势及与亲本遗传距离关系，本研究选用55个糯玉米自交系，采用NCⅡ设计组配的156个杂交组合，研究其快速黏度分析（RVA）特征谱配合力效应并结合单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，分析遗传距离与杂种优势、配合力的相关性。结果表明，在被测自交系中，ZFF、XH55和NFHH一般配合力效应较高，利用其组配的杂交组合峰值黏度也普遍较高，说明利用这3个自交系组配杂交组合后代产生优势杂交种的潜力较大。相关性分析结果发现，SNP分子标记遗传距离与RVA黏度性状杂种优势显著相关，但相关系数普遍偏低（0.162～0.345），说明遗传距离对糯玉米杂交组合RVA黏度性状的预测具有一定的价值，但遗传距离与F1黏度性状之间的相关程度不足以准确预测杂种优势。另外，亲本的总配合力和特殊配合力与杂种优势显著相关，决定系数也较高，变幅在-0.781～0.830和-0.662～0.786。结果表明，在预测糯玉米黏度性状的杂种优势时，不能只依靠遗传距离，还应重点考虑亲本的配合力。本研究为后续优质糯玉米品种选育提供了亲本以及杂交组配的理论依据...     

大刍草(Zea mexicana schard)×自交系K169选系的核型和SSR分析

本研究以玉米自交系K169及其与大刍草(Zea mexicana schard)远缘杂交而成的5个选系为研究材料,对它们进行核型和SSR分析,以期从细胞学和分子水平的角度为玉米远缘杂交育种提供理论依据。结果表明,5个远缘选系和轮回亲本K169体细胞染色体数目均为2n=20,但在核型结构上却存在较大差异,其中自交系K169和远缘选系1191在第6染色体的短臂上有随体,1183和1189在第8染色体的短臂上有随体,1193和1195未发现带随体的染色体;选系1183、1193和1195的染色体长度比(最长/最短)与K169之间存在较大差异;选系1183和1195的核型类型与K169不一致。96对SSR引物在5个选系和轮回亲本K169中共检测出27个多态性位点,位点多态信息量(PIC)的平均值为0.724;基因型多样性(H′)的平均值为1.400,它们之间的遗传相似系数平均值为0.5791。综合分析表明,这些选系与其轮回亲本K169之间存在真实的遗传差异,是一批新的玉米种质资源。     

不同水分环境下玉米叶形相关性状与SSR标记的关联分析

玉米的叶形结构与其抗旱性紧密相关,挖掘不同水分环境下调控玉米叶形相关性状的显著关联分子标记位点,可为揭示玉米叶形结构的分子遗传机理、克隆相关调控基因并进行抗旱理想株型育种提供参考。本研究在不同水分环境下分析187份玉米自交系叶长、叶宽、叶夹角、叶向值、叶面积、叶形系数及叶片卷曲度等7个叶形相关性状的变化,采用SSR标记对这些材料进行全基因组扫描并分析其遗传多样性,采用一般线性模型(GLM)寻找不同水分环境下与玉米7个叶形相关性状关联的分子标记。结果表明:1)干旱环境下187份玉米自交系的叶长、叶宽、叶夹角、叶面积均显著降低,而叶向值、叶形系数及叶片卷曲度均明显升高,且干旱环境下这7个叶形相关性状的变异比率为30.53%～198.31%。2)145对SSR标记共检测出652个等位变异,变异范围在2～13个;多态性信息量(PIC)变异范围为0.201～0.966,平均0.478。采用UPGMA聚类及群体遗传结构分析均将供试材料分为旅大红骨(LRC)、唐四平头(TSPT)、兰卡斯特(Lan)、P及瑞德(Reid)等5大类群。3)采用GLM模型,在不同水分环境下共检测到15个SSR标记与玉米的7个叶形相关性状在P0.01水平下关联,各标记对表型的解释率为2.25%～27.30%,72.97%的标记可在干旱环境下被检测到;其中umc1124、umc2363、umc2214、umc1742、phi331888、umc1378、bnlg1863、umc2134和umc1345标记同时与不同水分环境下的多个叶形相关性状连锁,表现出明显的"一因多效"现象。这些研究结果将为玉米叶形结构的遗传改良及抗旱理想株型分子标记辅助选择育种提供参考。     

西藏玉米地方品种与国内骨干自交系间的遗传关系分析

为揭示西藏玉米地方品种与我国常用玉米优势群间的遗传关系,挖掘西藏玉米地方品种的遗传潜能,以69份西藏玉米地方代表品种和代表我国常用玉米优势群体的10个骨干自交系为试验材料,选用均匀覆盖玉米染色体组的40对核心SSR引物,采用多重荧光PCR技术与毛细管电泳荧光检测相结合的方法,检测西藏玉米地方品种的遗传多样性及其与骨干自交系间的遗传关系。结果表明,69份西藏玉米地方品种中共检测到364个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出3~23个等位基因,平均9.1个,平均多态性信息量为0.693,遗传多态性高于我国西南区玉米地方品种的多样性水平,支持我国玉米由印度经西藏传入四川的论点。依据79份参试材料的Roger遗传距离采用类平均法将参试材料划分为5个类群,各类群中西藏玉米地方品种与骨干自交系间的遗传相似系数变化介于0.09~0.58之间,平均值为0.26,表明西藏玉米地方品种与国内玉米现代品种及核心地方品种间的亲缘关系较远。本试验初步推断西藏玉米地方品种可能具有独立的遗传演化系统,且基于SSR分析结果,确定了西藏玉米地方品种多态性及其与骨干自交系间的亲缘关系,为我国优势玉米种群的发掘和改良提供了理论参考。     

紧凑型糯玉米种质资源的创制与评价

为创制紧凑型糯玉米种质,本研究以紧凑型普通玉米自交系郑58为供体亲本,以平展型糯玉米自交系通759为轮回亲本,通过标记辅助回交结合叶夹角表型选择的方法,转移玉米叶夹角主效QTL(qLA5)有利等位基因,创制了29份紧凑型BC₂F₂单株。48个标记背景选择及高密度下株型、抗逆性、产量、品质等18个性状综合鉴定,筛选出株型紧凑、产量高、抗逆性强、品质优良的糯玉米新种质4份,使轮回亲本平均基因组含量由78.48%提高到88.67%,可作为紧凑型糯玉米育种的亲本材料。本研究结果为利用普通玉米改良糯玉米种质,选育紧凑型优质鲜食糯玉米新品种提供了理论参考。     

利用SSR对60个玉米自交系进行杂种优势群划分初探

用SSR对60个玉米自交系的DNA进行分子标记和杂种优势群划分研究。利用14对SSR引物在供试材料中检测出57个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～7个,平均为4．07个,多态信息量变化范围为0．389～0．832,平均为0．692。自交系间遗传相似系数变幅为0．058～0．756,UPGMA聚类分析表明,供试自交系可分为五个类群。利用这14对具有较高多态性信息量的引物,可以对供试材料进行初步鉴定。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.     

Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater

Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Increase in auxiliary photoprotective photosynthetic pigments in wheat seedlings induced by Azospirillum brasilense

Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene. This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots. Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation.     

In-situ enrichment and analysis of atrazine-degrading microbial communities using atrazine-containing porous beads

We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg⁻¹ buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg⁻¹ in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep^® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation.