草原红牛及其杂种牛若干生产性能的微卫星标记研究

选用草原红牛、利木赞与草原红牛杂交后代共计40头作为试验牛群体,以体重、体尺作为衡量牛生长发育的指标,以肉牛线性体型评分方法中的肌肉度线性评分性状和屠宰肉用性状作为衡量牛肉用性能的指标,运用SPSS软件之GLM分析了40头牛21个性状与8个微卫星标记的关系。结果表明,IDVGA55等位基因C(203bp)对体高、十字部高和坐骨端高3个体尺性状有正向效应;BM2113等位基因C(142bp)对腿围、净肉重和净肉率等性状有正向影响;ETH225等位基因A(123bp)对腰角宽具有正向影响;IDVGA46等位基因C(211bp)对5个肌肉度评分性状和4个屠宰肉用性状有负向影响;BM1824等位基因A(171bp)对十字部高、腰厚2个性状有正向效应,等位基因C(179bp)对胸深性状有正向效应;TGLA44等位基因E(221bp)对肉用性状有正向影响。     

草原红牛肉用性能微卫星标记的研究

选用草原红牛、利木赞牛与草原红牛杂交后代共计40头作为试验牛群体，以内牛线性体型评分方法中的肌肉度评分性状和屠宰肉用性状作为衡量其肉用性能的指标，利用SPSS软件分析了8个微卫星位点基因标记与肉用性能的关系。结果表明，BM2113等位基因C（142bp）对净肉重和净肉率性状有正面影响；IDVGA46等位基因C（211bp）对内用性能有负面影响；BM1824等位基因A（171bp）时腰厚性状有正效应；TGLA44等位基因E（221bp）对髻甲、腰厚、臀部外形等肌肉度评分性状和体质量、胴体重以及净肉重等屠宰肉用性状有正面影响。     

草原红牛微卫星标记与部分生产性能的相关研究

本研究以草原红牛为试验群体,对8个微卫星位点的多态性进行了检测并分析了其与部分生产性状的关系。结果发现8个微卫星位点中有5个位点与体高、体长、胸宽、胸深、腰角宽、胸围、腿围等性状显著相关;有8个位点与眼肌面积、失水率、熟肉率、净肉率、pH4R、屠宰率、滴水损失、剪切力和肌纤维直径等性状显著相关。     

草原红牛及其杂种牛群体遗传变异与肉用性能的微卫星标记研究

选用草原红牛、草原红牛与利木赞杂交后代作为试验牛群体，经过基因组DNA的提取、微卫星引物的PCR扩增、扩增产物的电泳分型、各座位等位基因分析以及基因频率、多态信息含量（PIC）和杂合度（H）的计算等步骤，从分子水平上分析了草原红牛及其杂交牛群体的遗传变异。在此基础上，以体重、体尺作为衡量牛生长发育的指标，以肉牛线性体型评分方法中的肌肉度线性评分性状和屠宰肉用性状作为衡量牛肉用性能的指标，运用SPSS软件分析了21个性状与8个微卫星标记的关系，发现了6个微卫星标记对试验牛群体某些生长发育性状和肉用性状存在正面或负面影响。     

分子标记与鸡生产性能的研究进展

随着基因组学时代的到来和各种生物技术的飞速发展 ,分子标记技术在鸡的育种和生产中愈来愈显示其重要性。近几年来 ,国内外学者对微卫星标记进行了广泛而深刻的研究 ,在基因作图、数量性状位点 ( QTL)定位、群体遗传距离测定、抗病品系的选育等方面得到了广泛应用。作为第三代分子标记的 SNPs,为探索鸡的某些疾病的产生机理和生产性能差异的遗传基础提供了新方法。1　微卫星标记微卫星是在生物体基因组以 2～ 6bp为其核心序列 ,头尾相连组成的串状重复序列。核心序列一般重复 1 0～ 2 0次 ,多态性的产生是因重复次数的不同造成的 ,通常…     

微卫星标记在养禽生产中的应用与研究进展

20世纪80年代后期,Marshfield医学研究基金会的James和俄勒冈健康科学大学的Wis等人分离出一种比小卫星DNA具有更短重复单元的卫星DNA,称为微卫星DNA.     

美国新西兰肉兔生产性能

一、饲养管理我场的兔舍为四周敞开的双列式钢筋水泥笼壁和地面,每幢兔合分上、中、下3层,共计195个笼位。由1名饲养员喂养并兼种2亩青饲料,常年四季青绿多汁饲料供应较均匀,精青饲料比例为1:1.8～1.9.精料中颗粒饲料占80%,粉料占20%,颗粒饲料的常用配方为:玉米20.四号粉15,麸皮20.豆饼10,干草粉20,统糠10,鱼粉3,骨粉1.5.食盐0.5;或玉米15,麸皮30,米慷20,糠饼10,鱼粉5,统糠20,贝壳粉2,食盐0.5.每千克颗粒饲料     

三品种肉兔生产性能研究报告

按照单因子试验设计将比利时兔、新西兰白兔和加利宝尼亚兔作为三个试验处理,进行生产性能观察和比较。结果表明,比利时兔妊娠期长、生长速度快、成活率高,新西兰白兔和加利福尼亚兔屠宰率和净肉率高。在陇东农村宜大力推广比利时兔。     

提高肉兔生产性能的措施

一、影响肉兔肥育性能的因素1.品种不同生产类型的家兔肥育性能不同,以肉用兔的肥育性能最好,皮肉兼用兔次之,皮用兔较差,毛用兔肥育效果最差。既使同是肉用品种,不同品种的肥育性能也不同,大型品种早期生长发育较快,净增重较高。中型兔早期生长不如大型兔,但比小型兔快,而且饲料利用率高于大型品种。目前,从国外引进的肉用兔种有比利时兔、新西兰白兔、加里福尼亚兔、丹麦白兔、德国巨型兔、青紫蓝兔、日本大耳白兔、法国公羊兔等。国内品种有哈尔滨白兔、塞北兔、中国白兔等。引入品种中,新西兰白兔、加里福尼亚兔、比利时兔、日本大耳白兔生长发育快,肉质好,屠宰率高,适应性强。法国公羊兔生长速度慢,肉质差,屠宰率     

微卫星DNA标记与亲子鉴定

本文阐述了几种家畜亲子鉴定中使用的微卫星座位及其在亲子鉴定中的应用,并对微卫星DNA标记与亲子鉴定研究急待解决的问题与发展方向做了阐释。     

Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality

In this experiment the effect of digestible energy (DE) restriction on carcass traits and meat quality of rabbits selected divergently for body fat content was studied. Using a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, Pannon White rabbits selected for high (HFAT) or low (LFAT) total body fat content were fed isocaloric diets between 4 and 12 weeks of age. Energy restriction was achieved by reducing the daily feed intake by 10% (M) and 20% (L) compared to the ad libitum fed group (H). Proportional to the reduction of feed intake the nutrient density of diets M and L was increased. Thus, the DE intake was reduced while the nutrient intake remained stable among the 3 dietary groups. Effect of genetic group on carcass traits and on meat quality parameters was less marked than DE restriction. Selection for high body fat content improved the dressing out percentage (58.3 and 57.3% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.01), and reduced the percentage of the full gastrointestinal tract to slaughter weight (13.7 and 14.3% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05). Reduction of DE intake decreased the body weight and the weight of the chilled and reference carcass (P < 0.001), while it had no effect on dressing out percentage. In group H the percentage of fore part to reference carcass was higher (29.7 vs 29.0%; P < 0.01) while that of the hind part was lower than in group L (37.0 vs 38.2%; P < 0.001). The Longissimus lumborum meat from HFAT rabbits exhibited a lower content of moisture (76.1 and 76.5% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.01) as well as lower L (53.5 and 54.4 in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05) and b (0.42 and 0.81 in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05) colour values. When compared with ad libitum fed rabbits, those restricted at 20% (L) exhibited a higher content of moisture (76.9 vs 75.8%; P < 0.01), as well as higher pHu (5.87 vs 5.73; P < 0.01) associated with lower cooking loss (17.8 vs 19.1%; P < 0.05). L rabbits also produced lower values of redness (a, 2.21 vs 3.35; P < 0.01) and yellowness (b, 0.23 vs 0.91; P < 0.01). No effect of the divergent selection for body fat content on the total lipid percentage and on most of the fatty acids in the meat of the hind leg was found. DE restriction resulted in lower SFA (L: 32.1 vs H: 35.8%; P < 0.01) and MUFA (L: 21.0 vs H: 28.6; P < 0.01) but higher PUFA contents (L: 45.5 vs H: 34.9%; P < 0.01) in the hind leg meat.     

利用微卫星标记分析五个家兔群体的遗传多样性

利用15个微卫星座位,分析了新西兰白兔、德系安哥拉兔、美系獭兔、齐卡G系肉兔、福建黄兔5个家兔群体的遗传多样性。结果表明：15个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数分别为7．400±1．639个和5．694±1．470个;5个家兔群体的平均基因杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0．7367和0．6994;新西兰白的平均基因杂合度和平均多态信息含量最高,福建黄兔最低。5个家兔群体的平均总近交系数（F_is）为-0．03,群体内平均近交系数（F_is）为-0．151,群体平均分化系数（F_is）为0．105（P〈0．001）。采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,5个家兔群体聚为三类：新西兰白兔和德系安哥拉兔聚为一类;齐卡兔G系和美系獭兔聚为一类,福建黄兔独自为一类。     

安格斯牛体尺性状微卫星DNA标记的研究

在BoVMap的Internet数据库选用4个微卫星DNA标记,初步研究了安格斯牛不同位点基因与体尺性状之间的相关关系。结果表明:这4个微卫星标记在安格斯牛中的等位基因数分别为10,8,10和8,这些等位基因分别与不同体尺性状间构成紧密相关;其多态信息含量值(PIC)分别为0.8398,0.8418,0.8649,0.7358,是高度多态座位。     

Detection and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for bone traits on chicken chromosome one

In broiler chickens, bone problems are an important welfare issue that has been linked to genetic selection for rapid growth. The objectives of this study were to identify and fine map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with bone traits. The Northeast Agricultural University resource population (NEAURP) being an F(2) population was used in this study, and a total of 17 bone traits were measured. In primary genome scan, the linkage map was constructed with 23 microsatellite markers across the entire chicken chromosome 1. Seventeen QTLs for bone traits were identified and 12 of these were found between LEI0079 and ROS0025 (50.8 cM apart). To fine map the QTLs located between LEI0079 and ROS0025, more markers and more individuals were used and a new partial linkage map was constructed. The confidence intervals for QTLs were sharply narrowed down from 24.5～52.6 to 2.7～17.0 Mb. This study identified chromosome regions harbouring significant QTLs affecting bone traits and showed that the use of more markers and individuals could decrease the confidence interval of QTL effectively. The results provide a useful reference for further candidate gene research and MAS for bone traits.     

粗毛型长毛兔遗传参数的初步估测

本文对粗毛型长毛兔的产毛性状和繁殖性状的遗传参数进行了估测。估测结果为：年产毛量、粗毛率、初生个体重，泌乳力和断奶个体重的遗传力分别为０．２９５，０．１３４，０．１１７，０．２３３，０．１６１；产毛量与粗毛率，初生个体重与２１天个体重、２１天个体重与断奶个体重的遗传相关分别为０．１３１，０．４０５，０．５１１。     

Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Nigerian indigenous sheep

Background: Sheep is important in the socio-economic lives of people around the world. It is estimated that more than half of our once common livestock breeds are now endangered. Since genetic characterization of Nigerian sheep is still lacking, we analyzed ten morphological traits on 402 animals and 15 microsatellite DNA markers in 384 animals of the 4 Nigerian sheep breeds to better understand genetic diversity for breeding management and germplasm conservation. Results: Morphological traits of Uda and Balami were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Yankasa, which were both higher than West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed tail length, rump height, chest girth, ear length and chest depth as the most discriminating variables for classification. Mahalanobis distances show the least differentiation between Uda and Balami and the largest between WAD and Balami sheep. While 93.3% of WAD sheep were correctly assigned to their source genetic group, 63.9% of Yankasa, 61.2% of Balami and 45.2% of Uda were classified correctly by nearest neighbour discriminant analysis. The overall high Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of all microsatellite markers ranged from 0.751 to 0.927 supporting their use in genetic characterization. Expected heterozygosity was high for all loci (0.783 to 0.93). Mean heterozygote deficiency across all populations (0.171 to 0.534) possibly indicate significant inbreeding (P < 0.05). Mean values for FST , FIT and FIS statistics across all loci were 0.088, 0.394 and 0.336 respectively. Yankasa and Balami are the most closely related breeds (DA = 0.184) while WAD and Balami are the farthest apart breeds (DA = 0.665), which is coincident with distance based on morphological analysis and population structure assessed by STRUCTURE. Conclusions: These results suggest that within-breed genetic variation in Nigerian sheep is higher than between-breeds and may be a valuable tool for genetic improvement and conservation. The higher genetic variability in Yankasa suggests the presence of unique ancestral alleles reflecting the presence of certain functional genes which may result in better adaptability in more agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. These genetic characteristics are potentially useful in planning improvement and conservation strategies in Nigerian indigenous sheep.     

微卫星标记分析福建地方品种猪的遗传多样性

采用8个微卫星座位对福建省5个地方猪种(槐猪、官庄花猪、莆田黑猪、闽北花猪、武夷黑猪)的遗传结构进行了分析,计算了遗传杂合度、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、Nei氏标准遗传距离。结果表明:8个位点均为高度多态位点;5个猪种群体内的遗传多样性比较高,8个微卫星位点平均杂合度介于0.7006～0.7760之间;多态信息含量在0.6917～0.7609之间;槐猪与武夷黑猪的遗传距离最小0.5531,官庄花猪与闽北花猪的遗传距离最大0.8618。     

微卫星DNA分子标记及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

微卫星DNA以其独特的优点和特点而成为当前动物遗传育种研究中颇受欢迎的一种分子标记技术。本文主要介绍了微卫星DNA分子标记的研究简史、原理、流程及其分子标记的优点和在动物育种中的应用。     

家兔群体遗传变异的微卫星标记

选用欧洲野生穴兔的5个微卫星座位,分析了5个品种(系)家兔群体的遗传变异.结果表明:Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔的群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度均最大,分别为0.552 6和0.620 2;新西兰兔群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度都最小,分别为0.451 5和0.526 1,说明在5个品种(系)家兔中,新西兰兔群体内变异较小,相对较纯;Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔群体内变异较大,纯度相对较小.但总的来看,5个品种(系)家兔的平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度相差都不大,说明Vc獭兔在遗传性能上已接近其他优良品种兔.聚类结果表明:Vc-Ⅰ系獭兔与Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔亲缘关系最近,与日本大耳兔、青紫蓝兔亲缘关系较近,与新西兰兔亲缘关系最远,这与Vc獭兔育种事实相符.在Sat4和Sat8座位分别检测出了一条Vc獭兔所特有的条带,从而为进一步研究Vc獭兔的遗传特性打下良好的基础.     

三种微卫星DNA标记在奶牛中的应用

选择了分布在牛的3条染色体上的3个微卫星DNA标记UWCA9、BM3413、IDVGA-2,分析其在所供牛群体中的多态分布情况。结果表明,每个位点的等位基因个数及多态信息含量值分别为4/0.70、5/0.75和6/0.80。经分析各标记位点均符合孟德尔遗传规律。