鳙、鲢鱼打印病病原菌的分离与鉴定

分离和鉴定了一株嗜水气单胞杆菌纯养物。该菌呈短棒状,无芽胞,极生单鞭毛,有运动力,革兰氏染色阴性。该菌可发酵多种碳水化合物如葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、半乳糖、丙三醇等。在营养琼脂上生长迅速、良好,该菌对红霉素、氯霉素、7％氯化钠溶液等敏感,对青霉素和磺胺类药物有耐药性。根据这些特征,本菌不同于嗜水气单胞菌,不产气亚种和嗜水气单胞菌解朊亚种,被定为嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种。     

THE ACTIVITY OF PENICILLINS G AND X IN VITRO

The data presented indicate that penicillin X is more effective than penicillin G against a number of different organisms.     

双黄连口服液联合青霉素G对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌作用研究

用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)介绍的方法,分别测得双黄连口服液和青霉素G对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC);使用棋盘联合药敏试验法,以部分抑菌浓度(Fractional inhibitory concentration,FIC)指数为指标,观察双黄连口服液和青霉素G联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用.结果表明,双黄连口服液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC是46.88 mg/mL(稀释度1:32);青霉素G对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC是0.25 U/mL;双黄连口服液和青霉素G联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数是0.125.双黄连口服液联用青霉素G对金黄色葡萄球菌联合药敏结果呈协同作用.     

从流产母猪群中检出的两株伪结核耶尔赞氏菌鉴定

 本文报道了从流产母猪胎盘中分离出的两株细菌。经鉴定,这两个菌株均为伪结核耶尔赞氏菌。该菌为G^-球杆菌,有的呈两极染色。菌体多分散存在。少数呈短链,能运动,无荚膜。结果表明,伪结核耶尔赞氏菌是引起母猪流产的病原之一。鉴于该菌属于人畜共患病原,故应引起重视。     

11株中度嗜盐菌的分离及生理生化特性研究

[目的]了解海产品、盐渍类食品中的中度嗜盐菌资源,探究其生理生化特性。[方法]对海产品、盐渍品样品进行分离纯化,获得11株中度嗜盐菌,对各菌株的形态进行观察,进行生理生化特征测试。[结果]11株中度嗜盐菌中7株为杆菌,其中JD6、HYD2、NY80和NY11革兰氏阳性,其他革兰氏阴性,JD6和JD910产生芽孢;4株为球菌,其中NY3和NY12革兰氏阳性,XH1和JH3革兰氏阴性。11株细菌在0~20%NaCl条件下生长,均分解葡萄糖产酸,产生过氧化氢酶、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸脱羧酶,不产生H2S;菌株XBD1、XH1、NY3J、H3和NY12在TCBS与SS琼脂上均能生长,NY11和JD910在SS琼脂上生长。11株细菌对氨苄青霉素和青霉素不敏感,对利福平敏感。11株细菌对小鼠无致死性。[结论]该研究为合理开发利用嗜盐微生物资源提供了参考。     

BACITRACIN: A NEW ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY A MEMBER OF THE B. SUBTILIS GROUP

A new antibiotic "bacitracin" has been recovered from a strain of the B. subtilis group of organisms. It is neutral, water-soluble, non-toxic and relatively heat stable. In vitro it is active chiefly against Grampositive organisms, but the gonococcus and meningococcus are susceptible to its action. It is also active in vivo against experimentally produced hemolytic streptococcal infections in mice and gas gangrene infections in guinea pigs. Clinical use in hemolytic streptococcal and staphylococcal infections in man have given encouraging results.     

鸡魏氏梭菌的分离和鉴定

为了研究鸡魏氏梭菌的生物学特性及其发病机制,从河南某鸡场临床症状、剖检病变疑似鸡魏氏梭菌病例进行细菌分离,从中分离到1株细菌。对分离的病菌进行形态培养、生化试验、动物试验等鉴定,鉴定为鸡魏氏梭菌。药敏实验表明鸡魏氏梭菌对青霉素、庆大霉素敏感性较高。     

猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎的诊治

采用冰冻切片,H.E染色,支气管分泌物涂片,Gram染色,对临床自然发病猪的支气管分泌物、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏和淋巴结进行了细菌学和组织病理学观察。结果表明:在支气管分泌物涂片中含有大量呈革兰氏阴性的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌;肝脏淤血,肺组织坏死、出血、显著纤维化及嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞浸润;脾脏呈坏死性脾炎变化,淋巴结呈出血性淋巴结炎变化。根据细菌学检查和组织病理学观察结果诊断为猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎,同时筛选出抗菌王为临床治疗该病的首选药物。     

草鱼胆汁酸与细菌生长试验

本文研究了草鱼结合胆汁酸直游离胆汁酸盐的抑菌作用,研究结果表明,草鱼结合胆汁酸直力游离胆汁酸酸盐对三种革兰氏阳性菌,如金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌和苦草孢杆菌有抑菌作用,能够明显地抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长。草鱼结合胆汁酸盐像乳糖培养基中的牛胆盐一样,能够抑制革兰阳性菌的生长,而有利于革兰氏阴性菌和如大肠杆菌的生长。草鱼游离胆汁酸盐像ＧＮ增菌液中的去氧胆酸钠一样,能够抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长,而对革兰氏     

草鱼胆汁酸与细菌生长试验

本文研究了草鱼结合胆汁酸直游离胆汁酸盐的抑菌作用,研究结果表明,草鱼结合胆汁酸直力游离胆汁酸酸盐对三种革兰氏阳性菌,如金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌和苦草孢杆菌有抑菌作用,能够明显地抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长。草鱼结合胆汁酸盐像乳糖培养基中的牛胆盐一样,能够抑制革兰阳性菌的生长,而有利于革兰氏阴性菌和如大肠杆菌的生长。草鱼游离胆汁酸盐像ＧＮ增菌液中的去氧胆酸钠一样,能够抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长,而对革兰氏     

10-Hydroxy-delta 2-decenoic acid,an antibiotic found in royal jelly

10-Hydroxy-Delta(2)-decenoic acid, the major component of the lipide fraction of royal jelly, exhibits antibiotic activity against many bacteria and fungi. This fatty acid is less than one-fourth as active as penicillin against Micrococcus pyogenes and less than one-fifth as active as chlortetracycline against Escherichia coli. It also slows the growth rate of Neurospora sitophila and some unidentified molds. The salt of this compound is considerably less active than the free acid.     

Penicillin blood-level determinations with a Streptococcus dysgalactiae resistant to normal blood inhibitors

A strain of Str. dysgalactiae was found to be an effective test organism for penicillin blood-level determinations. This organism, although inhibited by penicillin in concentrations of 0.006-0.008 unit/ml., is resistant to the natural inhibiting substances of blood sera. The latter characteristic is very significant, since the test organisms (Str. pyogenes C-203 and B. subtilis) that are now employed for penicillin assay of body fluids are inhibited by a large percentage of human sera. The method described can detect penicillin blood levels in concentration of 0.016 unit/ml. of blood sera. Since blood levels above 0.03 unit/ml. are considered to be therapeutically effective, this method of assay is adequately sensitive for routine clinical application.     

Mosses as Possible Sources of Antibiotics

An examination of 12 species of mosses has indicated that three produce substances capable of inhibiting the growth of various bacteria and other fungi. The method of extraction included several solvents. The extracts were not consistent in their antagonistic activity against the various species of microorganisms, nor were those that displayed antibiotic action always effective against the same organisms. Results indicate unstable products as well as physiological variation in the mosses.     

ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PENICILLIN

A convenient, practical and effective procedure of administering penicillin by mouth consists of mixing the drug with one tablespoonful of aluminum hydroxide. Substantially higher blood levels are obtained following a 50,000 and a 100,000 unit dose of penicillin with this method than after administration of the drug dissolved in water, either with or without previous ingestion of a mild antacid, such as aluminum hydroxide. Adsorption of penicillin on aluminum hydroxide appears to exert a local protective effect against that portion of gastric acid with which it comes into contact.     

关节炎患猪中猪丹毒丝菌的分离与鉴定

为给猪丹毒的防制提供依据,分离并鉴定了猪丹毒丝菌。将发生关节炎的猪关节液接种TSA培养基,挑取透明小菌落,染色,对G+小长丝杆菌进一步用猪丹毒丝菌16SrRNA基因的引物进行PCR鉴定。对鉴定为阳性的菌株进行药敏试验,结果显示,分离菌株对青霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢唑啉、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、克林霉素、四环素、强力霉素、环丙沙星等敏感,对新霉素、复方新诺明、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、万古霉素、痢特灵等完全耐药,临床上应根据上述结果指导用药。     

鹦鹉沙门氏菌病的诊断

从重庆市某野生动物园病死鹦鹉的肝脏、脾脏及心血中,分离到了1株细菌,经鉴定为革兰氏阴性,单个、成对或成丛分布。在SS、麦康凯和枸橼酸盐琼脂培养基中均能生长。生化试验结果显示该菌对乳糖、蔗糖不发酵,对葡萄糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇均能发酵,产生H2S,显示该菌为沙门氏菌。药敏试验结果表明分离菌对庆大霉素、苯唑西林、诺氟沙星、卡那霉素、头孢唑啉、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、妥布霉素等药物高度敏感,对氧氟沙星、新霉素、氟罗沙星中敏,而对痢特灵、阿莫西林、链霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、氨苄西林、强力霉素等药物产生耐药。     

β-防御素研究进展

β-防御素在黏膜上皮细胞广泛表达,在先天免疫系统中扮演重要角色。因具有独特的抗菌机制和广谱抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒活性。极难产生抗药性而日益受到人们的关注。就β-防御素的分子特征、生物学活性、抗菌机理、基因重组表达,目前科研中存在的问题及其应用前景做了综述,为临床医学提供参考。     

乌骨鸡Cathelicidins 类抗菌肽基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达与抑菌活性

Cathelicidins抗菌肽是含高度保守cathelin结构域的一大类抗菌肽,在家禽天然免疫系统中发挥重要作用。通过PCR方法,从含乌骨鸡Cathelicidins抗菌肽基因（CathL\|1,\|2,\|3）cDNA完整序列的质粒pMD\|CathL中分别扩增Cathelicidins\|1,\|2,\|3成熟肽的编码序列,将其分别克隆至原核表达载体pET\|30a（+）中,构建其重组表达质粒pET30\|CathL1S,pET30\|CathL2S,pET30\|CathL3S,经测序验证的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）菌株。阳性克隆菌株在37℃,10 mmol·L-1 IPTG的条件下进行诱导表达。SDS\|PAGE和Western\|blot分析表明,Cathelicidins成熟肽片段均在大肠杆菌中以融合形式成功表达,表达产物的表观分子量分别为70,80,75 kD。琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测显示表达产物对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有很好的抑制活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、藤黄微球菌（Micrococcus luteus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79\|13 （Salmonella pullorum）、巴氏杆菌、鸭疫里默氏杆菌、绿脓杆菌等供试菌株均有较强的抑制作用,尤其对抗生素耐药菌株有明显的抑制作用。     

耐药猪链球菌膜蛋白图谱分析及能量抑制剂对其敏感性的影响

为证实国内临床分离的动物源链球菌菌株中是否存在与红霉素耐药性相关的主动外排机制,选取含有mefA基因和ermB基因和不含mefA/ermB基因的链球菌耐药菌株和青霉素、红霉素均敏感菌株,在能量抑制剂氰氯苯腙(CCCP)存在时,采用棋盘法分析红霉素、阿齐霉素、替米考星、青霉素对分离菌MIC的影响,并采用SDS-PAGE电泳分析分离株的膜蛋白图谱.结果显示:CCCP可对含有mefA基因的耐药菌株产生影响,可增强其对红霉素、阿齐霉素的敏感性,但不影响其对替米考星和青霉素的敏感性.含有ermB基因、不含mefA/ermB基因的耐药菌,对红霉素、阿齐霉素、替米考星和青霉素的敏感性不受CCCP的影响.菌株膜蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示,含有mefA基因的耐药菌株与其他菌株的膜蛋白图谱差异较大,其膜蛋白条带多而深浓,在45 000处有明显的条带,其他菌株无该条带,推测该蛋白可能是膜主动外排的相关蛋白.本试验结果佐证了在链球菌内存在与红霉素耐药相关的主动外排机制.     

Uterotrophic action of the insecticide methoxychlor

Dusting of rats and mice, as well as oral treatment with the insecticide methoxychlor, produced uterine weight increase in these rodents. Ablation of the ovaries, adrenals, or pituitary did not alter this effect, thus indicating a direct trophic action of this agent on the uterus. It is apparent that the application of this insecticide to animals used for hormonal experiments introduces an additional variable.