优异小麦新种质的创造与利用

小麦种质资源创造是小麦育种的物质基础,而理化诱变是创造小麦新种质的有效途径之一.理化诱变与传统的杂交育种相结合可以显著提高小麦诱发突变的效果.本课题组多年来坚持小麦辐射诱变与杂交育种相结合.现将九五期间育成的新品系介绍如下:     

应用花培技术培育水稻广亲恢种质

将０２４２８／Ｔ９８４／／Ｔ１９５０三交Ｆ１花药培养获得的纯合二倍体花粉植株分别与珍汕９７Ａ、Ｖ２０Ａ、协青早Ａ、Ｄ２９７Ａ和７６２７Ａ等籼型和粳型细胞质雄性不育系测交，分析其恢复能力。有１５份花培系能同时恢复籼型和粳型胞质雄性不育系，表明具有广亲和恢复性。部分花培系与珍汕９７Ａ等籼型不育系配组还表现出较强的杂种优势，可作为籼粳亚种间杂优育种的种质。证实花培是创造水稻广亲和恢复系种质的快速有效途径。     

水稻新品种通育124

品种来源　１９８２年以转菰基因后代Ｃ２０与秋光杂交,Ｆ２与Ｃ４７复交经温室加代和病圃选择等方法,于１９９１年选育而成,１９９９年由吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。特征特性　生育期与秋光相似,生育期需积温２９００～３０００℃。株高１００ｃｍ,多穗,茎秆坚硬,叶片挺举,穗长２６ｃｍ,每穗１３０粒,结实率９５％,着粒略稀,穗形稍散,千粒重２７ｇ,秧苗期生长快,本田色深分蘖多,出穗及灌浆迅速,黄熟时全株青绿,谷粒持续增重到收割。米粒透明有光泽,口味佳,经农业部稻米制品质量监督检验测试中心检验：糙米率,精…     

水稻多抗优质新种质的创造及其利用

在病区建立试验圃,进行水稻多抗优质新种质创造。选育出多抗优质早籼新种质湘早籼３号和ＨＡ７９３１７－４应用于水稻育种。至今为止,这两个新种质在湖南、浙江、江西省衍生了２４个多抗优质高产早籼新品种,产生了良好的社会和经济效益。     

短光低温不育水稻新种质的花药培养研究

对短光低温不育水稻进行花药培养的结果表明：不同基因型材料的花培力差异较大；同一材料在不同的基本培养基和激素配比中进行培养的效果不同，对宜DIS，以M8附加2,4-D(2mg/L) NAA(2mg/L) Kt(1.5mg/L)的花培力最高；不同时间段所取的材料花培力差异较大，可能与材料生长所处的最适环境不同有关；适当的通气状况有利于绿苗分化率的提高。     

水稻新品种松香粳 1855 的选育

为培育适宜上海市松江区种植的优质粳稻品种,促进松江大米全产业链发展,以松早香1号为母本、松香粳1018为父本通过系谱法进行杂交,围绕适宜上海市松江区生态条件种植的优质、高产、抗逆等选育目标,经过5年时间选育出了中熟晚粳类型新品系松香粳1855,于2022年成功通过上海市七届一次农作物品种审定会议审定（沪审稻2022005）,具有株高较矮,米质较好,外观佳,商品性好,经济效益高等特点,适宜在上海松江区推广种植。     

水稻新品种宝农12

1品种选育及特征特性宝农12是上海市宝山区农业良种繁育场用82-2/秀水06//紫金糯育成的优质高产中熟晚粳常规稻新品种。1998年和1999年分别通过上海市和全国农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种适宜作单季稻栽培,在双季稻地区也可作后季稻种植。单季稻全生育期150～155天,株高100～105cm,茎秆粗壮坚韧,长相清秀,繁茂性好。株型集散适中,分蘖力偏弱,有6～7个伸长节间。总叶片数17叶,叶挺,色偏深。穗长16.9～17.5cm,在南方稻生试中达27.4cm。每穗总粒110粒,结实率90%。谷粒长圆,稃色淡黄,千粒重26～27g。后期清秀活熟,脱粒性好。全国南方稻区试…     

水稻新品种新丰1517及绿色高产栽培技术

新丰1517是河南省新乡市远缘分子育种工程技术中心以苑丰09-24和徐稻3号杂交选育而成,2020年8月通过河南省主要农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种适合在沿黄稻区种植,具有高产、稳产、优质、广适等特性,对其特征特性、产量表现和绿色高产栽培技术进行了总结。     

野生稻资源繁种栽培技术

野生稻繁种是野生稻资源保存、利用研究的基础性工作,野生稻繁种项目是中国农科院下达的研究项目。我们项目组2002年开始对野生稻繁种栽培技术进行探讨研究,经过6年时间的繁种生产和试验,总结探讨出一套野生稻繁种栽培技术。这套技术对今后野生稻繁种和生产都具有一定的指导作用和推广价值。     

New sources of rice blast resistance obtained from Thai indigenous upland rice germplasm

Upland rice production plays an important role in both household consumption and crop rotation. Until now, a blast resistant upland variety has not been released in Thailand. The bimodal pattern of rain distribution in Thailand’s upland rice production areas create a favorable environment for the outbreak of leaf blast when seedling-tillering, and neck blast within the heading stage. The use of genetically resistant cultivars has proven to be an effective way to cope with this problem. In this study, 256 indigenous upland rice plants were screened for blast resistance under greenhouse and field conditions. Ten indigenous upland rice varieties, ULR292, ULR242, ULR219, ULR162, ULR161, ULR134, ULR109, ULR098, ULR081, and ULR066, were identified as resistant to leaf blast disease in both natural infection and artificial inoculation, under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, six of the ten varieties, ULR162, ULR161, ULR134, ULR109, ULR098, and ULR081, were found to be resistant to neck blast under field conditions. These new sources of blast resistance identified from indigenous upland rice varieties proved more resistant than the check varieties, depicting their potential for further use in Thailand’s rice blast resistance improvement program.     

三个寒地水稻花培种质资源

1　高产水稻种质龙粳 7号龙粳 7号 (原代号龙花 90 - 2 5 4 )是黑龙江省农科院水稻所 1989年以藤系 137为母本 ,以龙花 84 - 10 6为父本杂交 ,1990年接种其 F1代花药 ,经离体培养育成的中早熟高产水稻品种 ,1998年经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广。 2 0 0 0年获佳木斯市科技进步二等奖。该品种插秧栽培从出苗到成熟全生育日数为132天 ,需活动积温 2 4 0 0℃左右 ,株型收敛 ,秆强抗倒 ,苗期生长势强 ,分蘖中等 ,叶色淡绿 ,中抗稻瘟病。株高 85 cm,穗长 16.7cm,每穗 95粒 ,空秕率 8% ,千粒重 2 6.5 g,谷粒椭圆 ,无芒 ,颖尖无色。 199…     

Choosing rice germplasm for evaluation

Summary Using the evaluation database on the world collection of rice, Oryza sativa, conserved at the International Rice Research Institute, different sampling strategies for choosing germplasm were compared. Random, stratified, sequential and analysed sets of germplasm were chosen and the frequency of finding resistance to different rice pests, the brown planthopper, green leafhopper and whitebacked planthopper, and diseases, bacterial blight and blast were compared. The frequency of the geographically restricted javanica race of rice was also compared in the different germplasm sets. The results indicate that where no prior information is available to choose germplasm for evaluation, for the same sample number, germplasm representing broad genetic diversity are preferable to other sampling strategies.     

利用云南稻种资源改良超级稻研究

随着人们生活水平的提高及耕地的减少,我国粮食供求矛盾,终需依靠科技来解决.针对大理州籼稻区后继良种缺乏的实际,大理州经作所自1995年起与云南省农科院、国际水稻所合作开展"超高产生理育种研究",旨在利用国际水稻所的育种材料和研究方法,结合大理州稻作生态,对国际水稻所最新育成的超级稻引进、消化、吸收、创新及利用,选育出适应我州1600m以下海拔稻区种植的优质、高产、多抗新品种应用生产.     

Sheath-blight resistance QTLS in japonica rice germplasm

Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a serious disease of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) for which genetic resistance is in demand by breeders. With the goal of resistance (SBR)-QTL discovery in U. S. japonica breeding material, 197 doubled-haploid lines from a cross between MCR10277 (resistant) and Cocodrie (susceptible) were evaluated in field and greenhouse assays with U. S. and Colombian pathogen isolates and genotyped at 111 microsatellite marker loci. Four SBR QTLs from MCR10277 were identified, together accounting for 47% of field genetic variation. In all trials the strongest effect was provided by a chromosome-9 QTL, qsbr_9.1, but some QTLs differed for U. S. and Colombian R. solani isolates. SBR QTLs coincided with only two of several height or heading-time QTLs, suggesting that the relationship between these developmental traits and SBR is not simple. For the U. S. isolates, a microchamber greenhouse assay revealed the same QTLs as did field inoculation.     

茉莉花优异种质扦插苗培育技术

茉莉(Jasminun, Sarnbac Ait.)属木樨科、茉莉属.原产印度波斯湾附近的伊朗,栽培茉莉的国家除中国外.还有埃及、伊朗、印度、土耳其、摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯,以及西班牙、法国、意大利等地中海国家.茉莉早在1700年前从西亚传人我国,在云南一带最先引种,以后向广东、广西、福建等地传播.     

Analysis of Vietnamese rice germplasm provides an insight into Japonica rice differentiation

Genetic differentiation among landraces of rice in northern Vietnam that lie in the centre of genetic diversity of Asian cultivated rice was analysed using DNA markers, and morphological and physiological traits to obtain an insight into the genetic differentiation of Asian rice. Principle coordinate analysis, based on nuclear RFLP data, divided Vietnamese rice varieties into three groups, designated A, B and C. Chloroplast DNA variation discriminated group A, which corresponded to the Indica rice varieties, from both groups B and C, which corresponded to the Japonica rice varieties. Physiological characteristics for Indica‐Japonica and tropical‐temperate Japonica discrimination suggested groups A and B consisted of typical Indica and Japonica varieties, respectively, while the characteristics of group C were distinct from those of the other two groups. This suggests that the genetic differences between groups B and C represent a new aspect of genetic variation that has not been previously reported in Japonica rice. Groups C and B corresponded with upland and lowland rice, respectively. Eight marker loci were associated with upland‐lowland differentiation in Japonica rice. Highlighted chromosomal regions might have been selected during the history of cultivation under different cultural conditions, and thus contain genes related to adaptation.     

Enhancement of amino acid contents by germination in a Korean weedy rice germplasm

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Germination can improve the nutritional value of cereals. A weedy rice, WD3, showed the highest antioxidant activity among Korea-native weedy rice...     

玉米种质创新与自交系培育

培育自交系是玉米杂交育种的物质基础。优异自交系及其组合选配可以促进突破性新品种的诞生。２０世纪７０～９０年代，中国玉米育种家采取多种途径，拓展玉米种质基础，成功地培育出许多综合性状或特异性状优良以及高配合力的自交系，为选育高产优质玉米杂交种创造了条件。１抗病性改良玉米抗病性的垂直抗性是指寄主对病原菌的某一个或多个小种是抵抗或免疫的，而对另一些小种是感病或高感的；水平抗性是指对病原菌的全部小种具有同等水平或同样有效的抵抗能力。例如玉米品种对大斑病具有水平抗性，虽总体感病，但并不严重。自从发现了显性…