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为筛选出用于防治棕榈蓟马的有效药剂,采用玻璃残留处理法测定了5种药剂对蔬菜上棕榈蓟马的室内毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,杀虫活性最高的是乙基多杀菌素,其48h的LC50值为0.19mg/L;其次是阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺和啶虫脒,LC50值为54.45~76.48mg/L,呋虫胺的毒力最低。田间试验结果表明,6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油对棕榈蓟马药后1~14d的防效均达90.88%以上,明显高于其他3种药剂。6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂是防治棕榈蓟马的首选药剂,推荐轮换使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂。 相似文献
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蓟马对农作物的危害逐年加重, 为筛选防治蓟马的高效低毒药剂, 采用叶管药膜法测定了10种常用药剂对4种蓟马的室内毒力, 并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明, 6%乙基多杀菌素SC和10%虫螨腈SC对4种蓟马的毒力相对较高, 25%噻虫嗪WG和5%甲维盐EC的毒力较低, 西花蓟马和瓜蓟马对10种药剂的敏感性低于花蓟马和烟蓟马。田间药效结果表明, 25%噻虫嗪WG、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC对西花蓟马的防效较高, 药后7 d药效最高达到90%以上。综合室内毒力和田间药效试验结果, 推荐4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC为防治蓟马的首选药剂, 可与25%噻虫嗪WG、48%多杀霉素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%吡丙醚SC等药剂轮换使用。 相似文献
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采用浸叶法开展了7种杀虫剂对温室棕榈蓟马成虫的室内毒力测定,并对效果较好的2种药剂进行田间药效试验。室内生物测定结果表明,多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对棕榈蓟马成虫的LC50分别为0.079 mg/L 和0.443 mg/L,而阿维菌素、灭多威、啶虫脒、高效氯氟氰菊酯LC50值为47.908 ~206.236 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂使用剂量以80~60 g/667 m2和 30~20 g/667 m2防治效果较理想。 相似文献
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烟蓟马是一种世界性害虫,为筛选出高效低毒的药剂,采用叶管药膜法测定了不同药剂对烟蓟马的室内毒力,并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,对成虫活性最高的药剂是阿维菌素、乙基多杀菌素和虫螨腈,其LC50均小于1 mg/L;多杀霉素的毒力也较高,其LC50为2.11 mg/L;吡丙醚对2龄若虫表现较高毒力。田间试验结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯SC、10%虫螨腈SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC对烟蓟马药后3~14 d的防效均达90%以上,除100 g/L吡丙醚SC外,其他药剂药后14 d的防效均达80%以上。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯SC、10%虫螨腈SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC可作为防治烟蓟马的首选药剂,并交替使用其他药剂。 相似文献
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比较了4种药剂对辣椒蓟马的防治效果,发现60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂1 500倍液对该虫具有较好的防治效果,其处理区虫口减退率最高,药后第3天达89.19%,防效达85.19%;至药后第7天,虫口减退率为77.02%,防效为67.59%,显著高于其他药剂处理的防效。 相似文献
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柑橘全爪螨是重要的柑橘害虫之一, 对多种化学农药已产生抗性。为合理选择防治药剂, 更好地防治该害虫, 本研究选择7种药剂采用改进浸叶法对柑橘全爪螨雌成螨进行了室内毒力测定, 并参照农药田间药效试验准则开展了田间药效试验。研究结果表明, 7种药剂对柑橘全爪螨的毒力从大到小依次为乙唑螨腈(0.818 mg/L)、丁氟螨酯(4.645 mg/L)、印楝素(4.878 mg/L)、氟啶胺(16.844 mg/L)、哒螨灵(21.167 mg/L)、乙螨唑(69.834 mg/L)、螺虫乙酯(417.089 mg/L)。乙唑螨腈和丁氟螨酯的速效性好且持效期长, 对柑橘全爪螨的防效显著高于其他供试药剂, 可作为防治的首选药剂。此外, 氟啶胺对柑橘全爪螨也有较高的毒力和防效, 作为一种广谱高效的保护性杀菌剂, 可在防治柑橘病害的同时防治害螨, 病虫兼治。 相似文献
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本文测定了4株白僵菌在18、22、26、30、34 ℃ 5个温度下对西花蓟马成虫和若虫的毒力, 结果表明:白僵菌JMS、HS、MBb、RSB 4个菌株在这5个温度下对西花蓟马成虫均具有很高的致病力,绝大多数西花蓟马在5 d左右死亡,致死率均在97%以上,多数为99%~100%,致死中时为1.4~3.2 d,白僵菌RSB菌株对西花蓟马成虫的致死中时最短,在30 ℃下,仅为1.4 d。在各温度下供试菌种对西花蓟马若虫的致病力明显低于对西花蓟马成虫的致病力,其致死率一般在90%~99%,致死中时也相对较长。 相似文献
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López-Soler N Cervera A Quinto V Abellán J Bielza P Martínez-Pardo R Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1549-1556
BACKGROUND: Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south‐eastern region of Spain. Its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. Use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. However, they do not always act as intended or expected, and caution must be exercised when interpreting synergist results. RESULTS: Laboratory‐selected strains of WFT were used to analyse the effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and methiocarb on total esterase activity. Significant differences were found, indicating esterase activity inhibition by DEF, a lower effect for methiocarb and a small inhibition of the activity by PBO. Esterase isoenzyme inhibition by these compounds showed a similar result; this assay revealed an extreme sensitivity of Triplet A (resistance‐associated esterases) to DEF. In an in vivo assay carried out with these compounds at different incubation times, only DEF caused posterior in vitro esterase activity inhibition, with a maximum effect 1 h after treatment. CONCLUSION: In this work, only DEF shows true synergistic inhibition of WFT esterases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The major mechanism of resistance to most insecticides in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is metabolic, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) suppressible, mediated by cytochrome-P450 monooxygenases and conferring cross-resistance among insecticide classes. The efficacy of insecticide mixtures of acrinathrin, methiocarb, formetanate and chlorpyrifos was studied by topical exposure in strains of F. occidentalis selected for resistance to each insecticide. The method consisted in combining increasing concentrations of one insecticide with a constant low rate of the second one as synergist. Acrinathrin activity against F. occidentalis was enhanced by carbamate insecticides, methiocarb being a much better synergist than formetanate. Monooxygenase action on the carbamates would prevent degradation of the pyrethroid, hence providing a level of synergism by competitive substrate inhibition. However, the number of insecticides registered for control of F. occidentalis is very limited, and they are needed for antiresistance strategies such as mosaics and rotations. Therefore, a study was made of the synergist effect of other carbamates not used against thrips, such as carbofuran and carbosulfan, against a susceptible strain and a field strain. Neither carbamate showed synergism to acrinathrin in the susceptible strain, but both did in the field strain, carbosulfan being a better synergist than carbofuran. The data obtained indicate that low rates of carbamates could be used as synergists to restore some pyrethroid susceptibility in F. occidentalis. 相似文献
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Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs. 相似文献
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Stephanie L Richards;Sinan Sousan;Will Murray;Avian White;Kaya Peyton;Raven Slade; 《Pest management science》2024,80(7):3140-3148
Ultra-low volume (ULV) space sprays aerosolize insecticide formulated products (FP) to contact flying mosquitoes, while barrier sprays expose mosquitoes to FP residue on vegetation and other surfaces. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays used to assess insecticide resistance are based on residual active ingredient (AI) exposure and do not directly relate to FP efficacy. The current pilot study developed a novel compact wind tunnel for mosquito exposure to FP. Caged Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus were exposed to undiluted Biomist®3 + 15 FP (permethrin AI) or air (control) within the wind tunnel, transferred to new cages, and held in a 28 °C incubator. Separate mosquitoes were exposed to residual permethrin AI (8 μg mL−1) in bottle bioassays. Mortality was monitored 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post-exposure. 相似文献
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Maymó AC Cervera A Dolores Garcerá M Bielza P Martínez-Pardo R 《Pest management science》2006,62(12):1129-1137
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious pest in the south-east of Spain owing to its direct feeding on crops, transmission of the tomato spotted wilt virus and its very high level of resistance to insecticides. Mechanisms of resistance were examined using field populations of F. occidentalis with different susceptibilities to acrinathrin, methiocarb (selective insecticides), endosulfan, metamidophos and deltamethrin (broad-spectrum insecticides). Esterase activity towards alpha-naphthyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl acetate in resistant strains was significantly higher than in the reference strain (MLFOM) for both model substrates. This higher activity was significantly correlated with acrinathrin and methiocarb resistance. 相似文献
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López-Soler N Cervera A Moores GD Martínez-Pardo R Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2008,64(12):1258-1266
BACKGROUND: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is among the most important crop pests in the south‐east region of Spain; its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. To this end, F. occidentalis populations, collected from the field at different locations in south‐east Spain, were studied in terms of total esterase activity and esterase isoenzyme pattern. RESULTS: Individual thrips extracts were analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and stained for esterase activity with the model substrate α‐naphthyl acetate. Significant correlations were found between resistance to the insecticides acrinathrin and methiocarb and the presence of a group of three intensely stained bands, named Triplet A. For each individual thrips extract, total esterase activity towards the substrates α‐naphthyl acetate and α‐naphthyl butyrate was also measured in a microplate reader. Insects possessing Triplet A showed a significantly higher α‐naphthyl acetate specific activity and α‐naphthyl acetate/α‐naphthyl butyrate activity ratio. This observation allowed a reliable classification of susceptible or resistant insects either by PAGE analysis or by total esterase activity determination. CONCLUSION: The PAGE and microplate assays described can be used as a monitoring technique for detecting acrinathrin‐ and methiocarb‐resistant individuals among F. occidentalis field populations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Bielza P Quinto V Fernández E Grávalos C Abellán J Cifuentes D 《Pest management science》2008,64(5):584-588
BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus. 相似文献
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Bielza P Quinto V Contreras J Torné M Martín A Espinosa PJ 《Pest management science》2007,63(7):682-687
Susceptibility to spinosad of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from south-eastern Spain was determined. LC(50) values of the field populations without previous exposure to spinosad collected in Murcia in 2001 and 2002 ranged from 0.005 to 0.077 mg L(-1). The populations collected in Almeria in 2003 in greenhouses were resistant to spinosad (LC(50) > 54 mg L(-1)) compared with the authors' highly susceptible laboratory strain. The highly sensitive laboratory strain leads to very high resistance ratios for the field populations (>13 500), but these ratios do not necessarily mean resistance problems and control failures (spinosad field rate 90-120 mg L(-1)). The populations collected in Murcia from some greenhouses in 2004 were also resistant to spinosad (RF > 3682). Spinosad overuse, with more than ten applications per crop, produced these resistant populations in some greenhouses. Spinosad showed no cross-resistance to acrinathrin, formetanate or methiocarb in laboratory strains selected for resistance towards each insecticide. Correlation analysis indicated no cross-resistance among spinosad and the other three insecticides in 13 field populations and in nine laboratory strains. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM) did not enhance the toxicity of spinosad to the resistant strains, indicating that metabolic-mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance. These findings suggest that rotation with spinosad may be an effective resistance management strategy. 相似文献