强化木材检验管理,提高企业经济效益

木材检验工作是森工企业木材生产和经营过程中的重要环节,特别是改革大潮把企业抛向市场,企业的全部工作都纳入以提高经济效益为中心的轨道,木材检验工作就显得尤为重要,所以,必须强化对木材检验工作的管理。     

浅谈如何加强林业局基层单位的木材检验工作

林业局的木材检验科学管理是企业的重要管理手段,是提高木材价值的最好方法,运用科学的方法抓好林业局基层单位木材检验管理,能够为企业创造最大的经济效益。     

强化木材检验管理 提高企业经济效益

木材检验工作是森工企业木材生产和经营过程中的重要环节，其工作效果的好坏，既关系到森林资源的合理利用，又关系到木材产品质量和企业经济效益的高低。所以，必须强化对木材检验工作的管理。     

加强木材检验队伍的培训与建设

通过对木材检验工作在林业管理中作用和检验队伍建设与管理意义的分析,提出了搞好检验队伍建设与管理具体措施,从而提高林业企业的经济效益。     

浅谈木材检验工作在森工企业中的作用

论述了木材检验工作重要性和必要性，分析了木材检验工作对提高企业经济效益的潜在因素。     

试论我国木材采运工业企业的特点

木材采运工业企业具有区别于其它工业企业的一些特点。我国的木材采运工业企业同世界一些国家相比,也有很多不同之处。全面认识、准确把握和正确运用我国木材采运工业企业的特点,是企业和上级主管单位乃至国民经济管理部门决定方针政策和管理办法的出发点,也是企业改善经营管理、提高经济效益的重要前提。建国三十多年来,     

对森工企业木材检验组织形式的探讨

本文在对森工企业现行的木材检验组织形式分析的基础上,根据森工企业木材生产和经营管理的需要,提出了合理的木材检验组织形式即生产经营型木材检验组织,同时指出了这种检验组织的工作任务和特点,并对实施这种组织要处理好的几个问题作了探讨,对改革森工企业木材检验组织与管理具有指导意义。     

木材标准性检验技术的优势及效应

指出了从目前林业企业的产业结构来看,木材的生产和加工依然是主要的经济增长点。要对森林资源合理利用,提升企业的产值,就要注重木材检验工作,以实现木材价值的最大化,使林业企业的经济效益有所提升,而且还可以创造社会效益和生态效益。针对木材标准性检验技术的要点及带来的利益展开了研究。     

国有林场加强木材检验管理的措施探讨

指出了木材检验工作是国有林场生产管理中基础性工作之一,贯穿于木材生产、贮存、销售、运输管理的各个环节,是实行森林采伐限额的重要依据,其工作的质量关系到森林资源的有效利用、产品的质量和林场的经济效益。探讨了加强木材检验管理的有效手段及措施,以期提供参考。     

大数据视域下木材流通企业的供应链管理策略研究

随着我国社会主义市场经济体系的不断完善,现代化企业的管理模式和产业结构逐步科学化、精细化。而木材流通企业作为木材贸易的重要载体,应用先进的技术和经营模式强化供应链管理,有助于促进木材资源创造丰富的社会价值和经济效益。介绍了大数据环境下企业供应链管理特点,分析了木材流通企业供应链管理大数据优势,对大数据视域下木材流通企业的供应链管理进行展望。     

Policies Affecting Forestry Entrepreneurship

Many demand and supply-side policies impede or foster forestry entrepreneurship. A study was conducted to consolidate existing knowledge on policies influencing forestry entrepreneurship in Finland, Norway, Japan, Australia, the Philippines and the USA, and to draw conclusions on these impeding and fostering factors. From the country studies it was difficult to find common structures on policies affecting forestry entrepreneurship. This is understandable because most policies in forestry are aimed at supporting sustainable forest management, wood production and ecological services of the forests rather than entrepreneurship as such. Despite the high variety of policies applied in the study countries, it can be concluded that strict public control on forests’ use and management potentially impedes forestry entrepreneurship. While these policies assist to correct market failure and to promote sustainability of forest management, they may also result into unnecessary and ineffective regulations that limit the opportunities for forestry entrepreneurship. A common feature promoting the demand for forestry entrepreneurship in some of the countries studied is the strong emphasis on forestry cooperatives, which were important institutions to support small-scale forestry entrepreneurship. In many study countries, different ad hoc programs are implemented to find new economic and entrepreneurial opportunities aside from the current use of wood and forests. Subsidies and tax incentives are commonly applied to reduce risks from making forestry investments or otherwise increase the economic return from timber production.     

“一带一路”背景下利比里亚林业发展状况及中利两国林业合作探析

利比里亚森林资源丰富,但由于内战以及林业管理水平不高等原因,林业开发缓慢,迫切需要外资介入以增强发展动力,改善发展模式,以实现林业产业的可持续发展。近年来我国经济发展迅速,国内木材生产量远低于木材需求量,与利比里亚开展良好的林业合作将是缓解国内木材需求紧张局面的可行途径。文中介绍了利比里亚森林资源概况、林业法规、林业管理机构、林产品生产与贸易和林业开发面临的主要问题,提出了中利两国开展林业合作的领域和建议,以期为两国林业合作提供决策参考。     

云南"三总量"检查的实践与探索

“三总量”检查是指由国家林业局统一部署的对县、森工局、林场等单位林木采伐总量、木材销售总量、木材运输总量的计划及采伐限额执行情况进行全面检查。详细介绍了“三总量”检查的内容、方法。总结了通过“三总量”检查实践所取得的成果。     

西江林场杉木的经济轮伐期

根据市场趋势调整林业经营对策,是林业生产的重要课题,而各类用材林经济轮伐期的确定则是重中之重．就此,根据西江林场近10 a来杉木用材林调查数据和有关资料,用土地纯收益法、内部收益率模型、净现值一般模型处理计算,对西江林场杉木林用材林的经济轮伐期作了初步探讨,得出杉木轮伐期为13-15 a．依此可大大缩短杉木林的经营周期,对加速资金周转,提高经营效益,解决两危问题增强林业生产积极性和活力等都有一定的作用．     

Forest management and carbon sequestration in wood products

Wood products are considered to contribute to the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions. A critical gap in the life cycle of wood products is to transfer the raw timber from the forest to the processing wood industry and, thus, the primary wood products. Therefore, often rough estimates are used for this step to obtain total forestry carbon balances. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the fate of timber harvested in Thuringian state forests (central Germany), representing a large, intensively managed forested region, and (2) to quantify carbon stocks and the lifetime of primary wood products made from this timber. The analyses were based on the amount and assortments of actually sold timber, and production parameters of the companies that bought and processed this timber. In addition, for coniferous stands of a selected Thuringian forest district, we calculated potential effects of management, as expressed by different thinning regimes on wood products and their lifetimes. Total annual timber sale of soft- and hardwoods from Thuringian state forests (195,000 ha) increased from about 136,893 t C (~0.7 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 1996 to 280,194 t C (~1.4 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 2005. About 47% of annual total timber harvest went into short-lived wood products with a mean residence time (MRT) < 25 years. Thirty-one per cent of the total harvest went into wood products with an MRT of 25–43 years, and only 22% was used as construction wood and glued wood, products with the longest MRT (50 years). The average MRT of carbon in harvested wood products was 20 years. Thinning from above throughout the rotation of spruce forests would lead to an average MRT in harvested wood products of about 23 years, thinning from below of about 18 years. A comparison of our calculations with estimates that resulted from the products module of the CO2FIX model (Nabuurs et al. 2001) demonstrates the influence of regional differences in forest management and wood processing industry on the lifetime of harvested wood products. To our knowledge, the present study provides for the first time real carbon inputs of a defined forest management unit to the wood product sector by linking data on raw timber production, timber sales and wood processing. With this new approach and using this data, it should be possible to substantially improve the net-carbon balance of the entire forestry sector.     

木材检验中的量材设计

木材检验中的量材设计工作是林区企业木材生产的重要环节。科学、合理地量材设计可以极大地提高木材的利用率,减少不必要的损失,反之则贻害无穷。所以,当前在森林资源渐趋枯竭的形势下,加强生产管理,严把木材检验工作质量对企业生存发展极为重要。     

影响木材产品质量因素及控制方法的研究

木材产品质量是影响林业企业经济效益最关键的因素之一。本论文从树木生长特性、采伐技术、集材、造材等六种因子对木材产品质量影响进行了分析，并采取科学的方法加以控制，以减少木材损伤，提高木材产品质量。     

工业化国家的林业产业政策

工业化国家林业产业当前面临的主要问题是环境污染对大面积森林构成的严重危胁和对分散的私有林无法进行现代化经营。此外,尚有财政危机和某些国家的林产品过度依赖进口等问题。在90年代,甚至更长的时期内,发达国家林业产业政策的调整方向是,保护和改造现有林,通过实施分类经营战略发挥森林的多种效益,兼用行政和经济手段引导私有林的发展,进一步调整林产品结构和大力发展木材培育业。     

Optimising the management of maize — Grevillea robusta fields in Kenya

The study optimised the management of a Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn.) stand growing in the central highlands of Kenya. The optimisations were conducted separately for even-aged and uneven-aged management system of trees. The management was also optimised with the requirement that maize production under the tree cover must be profitable every year. Technically, the optimisation problems were solved by linking a simulation program with the non-linear optimisation algorithm of Hooke and Jeeves. The simulation program calculated the tree growth, volumes of harvested trees, and maize yields with a given set of management parameters (decision variables). The maize yield predictions and simulated timber yields were converted into gross incomes of which the production costs were subtracted. In even-aged management the objective variable was the soil expectation value with 5% discounting rate. In uneven-aged management the mean annual net income was maximised. The optimal solutions indicated that with both management systems it is optimal to concentrate on wood production. The optimal stand densities were so high that profitable maize production was not possible under the tree cover. The mean annual wood production of the optimal management schedule was more than 50m³ ha^–1. Forcing profitable maize production in the solution decreased the wood production by 57% (even-aged forestry) or 27% (uneven-aged forestry) and net income by 45% (even-aged forestry) or 24% (uneven-aged forestry).This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄泥河林业局标准化贮木场建设与管理的探讨

贮木场是木材生产过程中的一个重要环节,是连接木材生产、加工以及销售的纽带.贮木场生产管理的好坏,直接关系到林业局的经济效益.本文针对黄泥河林业局贮木场生产经营现状及存在的问题,提出标准化贮木场建设与管理的具体措施,以供同行借鉴.